Your search found 94 records
1 Kumar, M. Dinesh; Malla, A. K.; Tripathy, S. K. 2008. Economic value of water in agriculture: comparative analysis of a water-scarce and a water-rich region in India. Water International, 33(2):214–230.
Water productivity ; Economic value ; Water scarcity ; Crop production ; Milk production ; Livestock ; Irrigated farming ; Wells ; Tube wells ; Land use ; Income ; Households / India / Punjab / Uttar Pradesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7 G635 KUM Record No: H041536)
The economic value of water should be markedly higher in water-scarce regions than in water-rich regions. Similarly, then the incremental return per unit of land should be higher where land is scarcer. These hypotheses are tested by comparing the situation in western Punjab, which is land-rich and naturally water-scarce and eastern Uttar Pradesh which is land-scarce and water-rich. Our regression analysis shows that every extra unit of water diverted for agriculture generates more economic surplus in western Punjab while every extra unit of land put under cultivation generates more economic surplus in eastern Uttar Pradesh. Hence, transfer of water from a water-rich, land-scarce region to a water-scarce, land-rich region for agriculture might result in the realization of higher economic value.
2 Chandrasekaran, K.; Devarajulu, S.; Kuppannan, Palanisami. 2009. Farmers’ willingness to pay for irrigation water: a case of tank irrigation systems in South India. Water, 1(1):5-18. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w1010005]
Tank irrigation ; Irrigation water ; Economic value ; Water costs ; User charges ; Farmers attitudes ; Rice ; Cultivation / India / South India / Tamil Nadu
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042403)
(0.06 MB)
The economic value of tank irrigation water was determined through Contingency Valuation Method by analyzing farmers’ willingness to pay for irrigation water under improved water supply conditions during wet and dry seasons of paddy cultivation. Quadratic production function was also used to determine the value of irrigation water. The comparison of the economic value of water estimated using different methods strongly suggests that the present water use pattern will not lead to sustainable use of the resource in the tank command areas. Policy options for sustainable use of irrigation water and management of tanks in India were suggested.
3 Jinapala, K.; De Silva, Sanjiv. 2010. Overview: institutions and policies for water resources management. In Jinapala, K.; De Silva, Sanjiv; Aheeyar, M. M. M. (Eds.). Proceedings of the National Conference on Water, Food Security and Climate Change in Sri Lanka, BMICH, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 9-11 June 2009. Vol. 3. Policies, institutions and data needs for water management. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.vii- xvi.
Water Policy ; Participatory management ; Irrigation water ; Economic value ; Water supply / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7 G744 JIN Record No: H042800)
(0.05 MB)
4 Becker, N.; Katz, D. L. 2009. An economic assessment of Dead Sea preservation and restoration. In Lipchin, C.; Sandler, D.; Cushman, E. (Eds.). The Jordan River and Dead Sea Basin: cooperation amid conflict. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.275-296. (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series - C: Environmental Security)
Water management ; Water conservation ; Economic aspects ; Economic value ; Valuation ; Methods ; Agriculture / Middle East / Israel / Jordan / Palestine / Dead Sea
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.9162 G698 LIP Record No: H044186)
5 Rogers, P.; Bhatia, R.; Huber, A. 1998. Water as a social and economic good: how to put the principle into practice. Stockholm, Sweden: Global Water Partnership (GWP). 35p. (GWP TAC background papers no. 2)
Water use ; Economic value ; Water costs ; Water quality ; Water use ; Irrigated farming ; Social aspects ; Urban areas ; River basins / Thailand / India / Phuket / Haryana / Jamshedpur / Subernarekha River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 8062 Record No: H044228)
(0.23 MB) (232.96KB)
AGENDA 21 AND THE DUBLIN PRINCIPLES put the concept of water as an economic good on the global agenda, and they have received wide acceptance by the world’s water professionals. However, there is substantial confusion about the exact meaning of some of the articulated principles. In particular, it is not clear to many non-economists what is implied by the statement that water is an “economic good” or an “economic and social good.” This paper addresses this lack of understanding by formulating the concept of water as an economic good and explaining, in practical terms, the economic tools that can be used to effect the environmentally, socially, and economically efficient use of water.
The potential role of economic tools in providing socially acceptable public decisions is not widely appreciated, particularly in many highly regulated situations. Furthermore, this paper suggests, contrary to the public perception, that with the improvement of the use of economic tools, the role for government regulation in managing water as an economic good is increased, not decreased. The paper is divided into three sections following this introduction: Section I presents the general principles and methodologies for estimating costs and values in the water sector. In section II, some illustrative estimates of costs and values in urban, industrial, and agricultural sectors are presented based on available data. Section III provides a summary of results and conclusions.
The potential role of economic tools in providing socially acceptable public decisions is not widely appreciated, particularly in many highly regulated situations. Furthermore, this paper suggests, contrary to the public perception, that with the improvement of the use of economic tools, the role for government regulation in managing water as an economic good is increased, not decreased. The paper is divided into three sections following this introduction: Section I presents the general principles and methodologies for estimating costs and values in the water sector. In section II, some illustrative estimates of costs and values in urban, industrial, and agricultural sectors are presented based on available data. Section III provides a summary of results and conclusions.
6 Weligamage, S. P. 2011. An economic analysis of intersectoral water allocation in southeastern Sri Lanka. Thesis submitted to the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Washington State University, USA in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 155p.
Water resources ; Water allocation ; Water use ; Economic analysis ; Economic value ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation programs ; Agricultural development ; River basins ; Case studies ; Farmers ; Welfare ; Analytical methods ; Models ; Surveys ; Indicators ; Households ; Income
/ Sri Lanka / Dry Zone / Kirindi Oya / Menik Ganga / Kumbukkan Oya / Yala Protected Area
/ Sri Lanka / Dry Zone / Kirindi Oya / Menik Ganga / Kumbukkan Oya / Yala Protected Area
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044346)
(3.06 MB)
This dissertation analyzes current patterns and expected benefits of allocation of water in Kirindi-Menik-Kumbukkan composite river basin in southeastern Sri Lanka. The Veheragala Diversion Project changed the historical flow regime of Menik Ganga River by diverting water to the Kirindi Oya Basin for irrigation. This diversion reduced water flow to the Yala Protected Area Complex, a unique, nationally and globally important wildlife refuge situated further downstream, but dry season flows were enhanced. This study develops and applies empirical methods to estimate economic benefits related to two major uses: irrigation and environment. A procedure to quantify water applied on rice farms, based on farmer recall, was developed and empirically used in the Kirindi Oya Irrigation and Settlement Project (KOISP), where differential access to water between its two subareas exists. A production function for rice with water quantity as an input was estimated. Plans to allocate newly diverted water to maximize system-wide annual net benefits by equating marginal value products of water were generated. The value of water for the environment was estimated through a contingent valuation study that asked respondents about their willingness to pay for water releases through the YPC. Benefits were expected as emanating from non-use values of water. Findings showed a diverse pattern of distribution and abundance of irrigation systems across three river basins when the sizes and the types of systems were considered. Average water quantity applied by farmers in the Old Irrigated Area of the KOISP was 17 percent higher than that of farmers in the New Irrigated Area, while annual net rice revenues were 36 percent higher in the Old irrigated Area. The optimum water allocation plan for the KOISP would generate annual incremental net benefits of SLR 157 million and is 28 percent higher than the “Business as Usual” Plan. Mean willingness to pay for water releases estimated using random willingness to pay method was SLR 627 per household per annum. This can be aggregated to a national benefit stream with net present worth of SLR 17.4 billion. This value can be considered as the value of water allocated for environmental uses.
7 Leal Filho, W. (Ed.) 2011. Experiences of climate change adaptation in Africa. London, UK: Springer. 315p.
Climate change ; Adaptation ; Mapping ; Economic value ; Wildlife ; Rain ; Rainfed farming ; Disasters ; Risk reduction ; Policy ; Case studies ; Indigenous knowledge ; Food security ; Pastoralism ; Grazing lands ; Lowland ; Decentralization ; Drought ; Remote sensing ; Satellite surveys ; Ecosystems ; Solar energy ; Soil analysis ; Erosion ; Carbon ; Statistical analysis ; Research projects ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Environmental effects ; Ecosystems ; Models / Africa / Tanzania / Kenya / Ethiopia / Africa South of Sahara / Zambia / Nigeria / Kilombero Ramsar Site / Nandi District / Keiyo District / Samburu East District / Tigray / Zanzibar / Mount Kenya Ecosystem
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.6 G100 LEA Record No: H044413)
(0.34 MB)
8 Leal Filho, W. (Ed.) 2011. Experiences of climate change adaptation in Africa. London, UK: Springer. 315p.
Climate change ; Adaptation ; Mapping ; Economic value ; Wildlife ; Rain ; Rainfed farming ; Disasters ; Risk reduction ; Policy ; Case studies ; Indigenous knowledge ; Food security ; Pastoralism ; Grazing lands ; Lowland ; Decentralization ; Drought ; Remote sensing ; Satellite surveys ; Ecosystems ; Solar energy ; Soil analysis ; Erosion ; Carbon ; Statistical analysis ; Research projects ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Environmental effects ; Ecosystems ; Models / Africa / Tanzania / Kenya / Ethiopia / Africa South of Sahara / Zambia / Nigeria / Kilombero Ramsar Site / Nandi District / Keiyo District / Samburu East District / Tigray / Zanzibar / Mount Kenya Ecosystem
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.6 G100 LEA c2 Record No: H044416)
(0.35 MB)
9 Nkonya, E.; Gerber, N.; Baumgartner, P.; von Braun, J.; De Pinto, A.; Graw, V.; Kato, E.; Kloos, J.; Walter, T. 2011. The economics of land degradation towards an integrated global assessment. Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Peter Lang. 262p. (Development Economics and Policy Series, vol. 66)
Land degradation ; Ecosystems ; Social aspects ; Economic aspects ; Economic value ; Cost benefit analysis ; Investment ; Analytical methods ; Land management ; Institutions ; Erosion ; Soil salinity ; Biodiversity ; Water shortage ; Irrigation ; Case studies ; Forests ; Information systems ; GIS / Uzbekistan / Niger / Peru / India / Kenya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333 G000 NKO Record No: H044670)
(0.32 MB)
10 Otoo, Miriam; Ryan, John E. H.; Drechsel, Pay. 2012. Where there's muck there's money: reinventing the economics of sanitation. Handshake, 5:38-39.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044822)
http://www1.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/72193c004ad94ed8aa20fa888d4159f8/Handshake_Issue5_WEBFINAL.pdf?MOD=AJPERES
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044822.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044822.pdf
(0.37 MB)
11 Whittington, D.; Sadoff, C.; Allaire, M. 2013. The economic value of moving toward a more water secure world. Stockholm, Sweden: Global Water Partnership, Technical Committee (TEC). 73p. (GWP TEC Background Papers 18)
Economic value ; Investment ; Costs ; Water security ; Water resources development ; Water users ; Households ; Sanitation ; Health hazards ; River basins ; Floods ; Drought
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045906)
http://www.gwptoolbox.org/images/stories/gwplibrary/background/tec_18_final.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045906.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045906.pdf
(2.06 MB) (2.06 MB)
12 Mekuria, Wolde; Getnet, Kindie; Noble, Andrew; Hoanh, Chu Thai; McCartney, Matthew; Langan, Simon. 2013. Economic valuation of organic and clay-based soil amendments in small-scale agriculture in Lao PDR. Field Crops Research, 149(1):379-389. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2013.05.026]
Soil amendments ; Economic value ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Farming systems ; Crop yield ; Seasonality ; Maize ; Rain ; Sensitivity analysis ; Cost benefit analysis / Laos / Xaythany District / Veunkham / Naphok
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045994)
(1.68 MB)
At a farm level, economic returns are the single most important attributes that drive farmers to adopt agricultural technologies. This study was carried out at the Naphok and Veunkham villages, Lao PDR,to evaluate the yield response of a maize mono-cropping system to soil amendments and analyze the economic return of such interventions. The amendments were rice husk biochar, bentonite clay, compost, clay-manure compost, and rice husk biochar compost, in isolation and in various combinations. Over a period of two cropping seasons (2011–2012),the enhancement of maize yield due to soil amendments ranged from0.77 to 3.79tha-1 at Naphok and from 1.21 to 5.14tha-1 at Veunkham, resulting in net revenues ranging from -794 to 841 and -331 to 1391 US$ha-1 , respectively. Soils amended with low-cost amendments such as compost, rice husk biochar, rice husk biochar compost, and clay-manure compost were economically viable within the first cropping season. In contrast, soils amended with higher-cost amendments such as bentonite clay requires up to five years to be economically viable. Such variations indicate that taking into account maize yield revenues only does not provide sufficient incentives to farmers to adopt higher-cost soil amendments conclude that there is a possibility to sustainably increase agricultural productivity and improve the income of smallholders using locally available low-cost soil amendments. Our findings provide important information for decision makers to promote the adoption of low-cost soil amendments, and,thereby,to contribute to productivity growth and food security through sustainable intensification.
13 Pert, P. L.; Boelee, Eline; Jarvis, D. I.; Coates, D.; Bindraban, P.; Barron, J.; Tharme, R. E.; Herrero, M. 2013. Challenges to agroecosystem management. In Boelee, Eline. (Ed.). Managing water and agroecosystems for food security. Wallingford, UK: CABI. pp.42-52. (Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture Series 10)
Agroecosystems ; Food security ; Economic value ; Fisheries ; Livestock ; Land degradation ; Erosion ; Agricultural systems ; Agricultural production
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046122)
(186 KB)
14 Grafton, R. Q. 2014. Economics. In Grafton, R. Q.; Wyrwoll, P.; White, C.; Allendes, D. (Eds.). Global water: issues and insights. Canberra, Australia: Australian National University (ANU Press). pp.7-10.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046536)
http://press.anu.edu.au/apps/bookworm/view/Global+Water%3A+Issues+and+Insights/11041/ch02.1.xhtml#toc_marker-7
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046536.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046536.pdf
(0.10 MB)
15 Young, R. A. 2005. Determining the economic value of water: concepts and methods. Washington, DC, USA: Resources for the Future. 357p.
Water resources ; Economic value ; Water policy ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Water market ; Water rates ; Industrialization ; Water use ; Water quality ; Models ; Crop production ; Irrigation water ; Environmental effects ; Valuation ; Water power ; Domestic water ; Flood control ; Developing countries
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 YOU Record No: H046681)
(0.45 MB)
16 Young, R. A.; Loomis, J. B. 2014. Determining the economic value of water: concepts and methods. 2nd ed. Oxon, UK: RFF Press. 337p.
Water resources ; Economic value ; Water policy ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Water market ; Industrialization ; Water use ; Domestic water ; Water quality ; Models ; Crop production ; Irrigation water ; Ecosystem services ; Valuation ; Water power ; Flood control ; Developing countries
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 YOU Record No: H046754)
(0.45 MB)
17 Ritzema, R. S. 2014. Aqueous productivity: an enhanced productivity indicator for water. Journal of Hydrology, 517:628-642. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.05.066]
Water management ; Water productivity ; Water accounting ; Indicators ; Water use ; Multiple use ; Economic value ; Hydrology ; Models ; Agricultural production ; Rice ; River basin management ; Catchment areas ; Precipitation ; Flow discharge ; Highlands / Laos / Houay Hom catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046815)
(2.87 MB)
Increasing demand for scarce water supplies is fueling competition between agricultural production and other municipal and environmental demands, and has heightened the need for effective indicators to measure water performance and support water allocation and planning processes. Water productivity (WP), defined as the ‘ratio of the net benefits from crop, forestry, fishery, livestock, and mixed agricultural systems to the amount of water required to produce those benefits’, is one such indicator that has gained prominence, particularly in research-for-development efforts in the developing world. However, though WP is a framework well-suited to systems where water use is directly attributable, particularly via depletion, to definitive benefits, the suitability of the approach becomes questionable when these conditions are not met, such as in multiple use systems with high re-use and non-depleting uses. These factors furthermore make WP highly scale-dependent, complicating comparative studies across scales and systems. This research forwards ‘aqueous productivity’ (AP) as an alternative indicator that addresses some inherent limitations in the WP approach and enhances productivity estimates for water in integrated systems. Like WP, AP is expressed as a ratio of benefit to water volume. However, AP uses a systems approach and is based on the concept that elements within a hydrologic system are linked via water flow interactions, and that those elements either ‘extract’ value from associated water flows or ‘infuse’ value into them. The AP method therefore calculates the ‘aqueous productivity’, a ratio indicating the ‘dissolved’ production-related economic value of all downstream uses of an individual water flow, for each inter-element and cross-boundary flow in the system. The AP conceptual framework and analytical methodology are presented. The method is then applied to two example hydroeconomic systems and compared to equivalent WP analysis. Discussion compares and contrasts the two methods, with a particular focus on how the AP approach addresses limitations in the WP method through its treatment of multiple uses of water and water re-use, seamless integration of depleting and non-depleting water uses, explicit cross-scale linkages, and incorporation of water storage and other temporal aspects in the analysis. Appropriate contexts of application for AP in decision support and in contrast to other water valuation methods are consequently considered.
18 Killeen, T. J. 2012. The cardamom conundrum: reconciling development and conservation in the kingdom of Cambodia. Singapore: NUS Press [National University of Singapore] 354p.
Sustainable development ; Natural resources ; Biodiversity conservation ; Landscape ; Ecosystems ; Climate change ; Watershed management ; Water power ; Marine environment ; Aquaculture ; Forest management ; Deforestation ; Carbon sequestration ; Mineral resources ; Land tenure ; Government agencies ; Non governmental organizations ; Industrialization ; Economic value ; Tourism ; Agricultural development ; Socioeconomic environment ; Poverty / Cambodia / Cardamom Mountains
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 959.6 G700 KIL Record No: H046831)
(0.36 MB)
19 Janekarnkij, P.; Polpanich, O.-U. 2014. Valuing ecosystem services in the Mekong region. In Lebel, L.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Krittasudthacheewa, C.; Daniel, R. (Eds.). Climate risks, regional integration and sustainability in the Mekong region. Petaling Jaya, Malaysia: Strategic Information and Research Development Centre (SIRDC); Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI). pp.29-53.
Ecosystem services ; Economic value ; Cost benefit analysis ; Biodiversity ; Marketing ; Policy making ; Decision making ; Living standards ; Social aspects ; Environmental effects ; Models / Cambodia / Thailand / Vietnam / China / Mekong Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI, e-copy SF Record No: H046911)
(1.87 MB)
20 Davidson, B.; Malano, H.; Hellegers, P.; George, B.; Nawarathna, B. 2014. Valuing the water used in peri-urban regions of Hyderabad, India and in western Sydney, Australia. In Maheshwari, B.; Purohit, R.; Malano, H.; Singh, V. P.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. (Eds.). The security of water, food, energy and liveability of cities: challenges and opportunities for peri-urban futures. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.463-474. (Water Science and Technology Library Volume 71)
Periurban areas ; Water rates ; Water use ; Waste management ; Water distribution ; Water allocation ; Economic value ; Domestic water ; Industrial uses ; Agricultural sector ; Catchment areas / Australia / India / Western Sydney / Hyderabad / South Creek Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047054)
Economic theory suggests that resources should be employed in different sectors to the point where their marginal values are equal. Yet what has been observed in many instances is that the marginal values of a resource tend to differ, depending on what they are used for. While this occurs for a variety of reasons, it is argued in this paper that the observable relative differences in the marginal values of a resource are a measure of the pressures forcing a reallocation of those resources within a region. This issue is most acute in peri-urban regions (those places where cities and the rural environment meet) as the competition between a declining agricultural sector and the growing domestic and industrial sectors is most intense. The argument arises as to what extent is the pressure to transfer resources between these declining and expanding sectors. To answer that question it is necessary to value the resource in question in a consistent and comprehensive manner across all sectors. Once done, the forces exerted on the resource can be gauged by observing the relative differences in the values placed on it in each use. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a method that has been used to undertake this task with respect to the allocation of water resources. However, analyzing this question in the water sector has been stymied by the fact that the value of water deployed cannot be compared easily with that allocated to other sectors. The approach taken is an extension of the Residual Method that is used to calculate the marginal value product of water used in each crop and then aggregated to obtain the total value of water allocated to the agricultural sector as a whole. These results are then compared to the more conventionally obtained values of water used in other sectors. The results presented in this paper were drawn from research that has been published on two very different peri-urban sites, in Western Sydney, Australia and in Hyderabad, India. It can be concluded that despite the differences in the circumstances, conditions and concerns of stakeholders, the approach is robust enough to be used in a variety of situations where the competition for water between sectors exists. It was found that the value of water used for domestic purposes is significantly greater than that deployed to the agricultural sector in both peri-urban regions. In addition, it does not matter that the quantities used in the urban areas for domestic and industrial uses are relatively small when compared to those in the agricultural sector (as is the case in Hyderabad) or not (as in the case in Western Sydney). Just like other resources (principally land) it is inevitable that in peri-urban regions water will be and should be allocated to the use that it is most valued; towards urban expansion and away from agriculture.
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