Your search found 11 records
1 Thenkabail, P. S.; Lyon, J. G.; Huete, A. (Eds.) 2012. Hyperspectral remote sensing of vegetation. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press. 705p.
Remote sensing ; Vegetation ; Indicators ; Multispectral imagery ; Satellite observation ; Satellite imagery ; Image analysis ; Data processing ; Data analysis ; Algorithms ; Models ; Sensors ; Water use ; Agriculture ; Crop management ; Cereal crops ; Cotton ; Botany ; Tissue analysis ; Nitrogen content ; Moisture content ; Plant diseases ; Pastures ; Indicator plants ; Species ; Canopy ; Forest management ; Tropical forests ; Wetlands ; Ecosystems ; Soil properties ; Land cover ; Reflectance
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 621.3678 G000 THE Record No: H044548)
(0.54 MB)
2 Johnson, M.; Benin, S.; You, L.; Diao, X.; Chilonda, Pius. 2014. Exploring strategic priorities for regional agricultural research and development investments in Southern Africa. Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 140p. (IFPRI Discussion Paper 01318)
Agricultural research ; Agricultural development ; Investment ; Economic growth ; Indicators ; Markets ; Models ; Yield gap ; Cereal crops ; Farming systems ; Livestock products / Southern Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046297)
http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ifpridp01318.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046297.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046297.pdf
(4.27 MB) (4.27 MB)
An in-depth quantitative analysis is undertaken in this paper to assist the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Secretariat, member countries, and development partners in setting future regional investment priorities for agricultural research and development in the SADC region. A primary goal of this work was to identify a range of agricultural research priorities for achieving sector productivity and overall economic growth in southern Africa, at both the country and regional levels. This is accomplished by adopting an integrated modeling framework that combines a disaggregated spatial analytical model with an economywide multimarket model developed specifically for the region. The spatial disaggregation uses information on current yield gaps to project growth and technology spillovers across countries among different agricultural activities that share similar conditions and thus potential for adoption and diffusion in the region. The economywide multimarket model is used to simulate ex ante the economic effects of closing these yield gaps through a country’s own investments in research and development (R&D) and from potential R&D spill-ins from neighboring countries. Results indicate a high potential of spillovers and technology adaptability across countries due to similar agroecological and climatic conditions and the countries’ own capacities for adaptive R&D. The greatest agriculture-led growth opportunities reside in staple crops and in roots and tubers, especially among the low-income countries. Together, these sectors have the potential to contribute up to 40 percent of future possible growth. There are differences (areas of comparative advantage) at the country level that offer opportunities for specialization. For example, grains are the dominant subsector for Zimbabwe; in Botswana, opportunities will depend on more growth in its livestock sector; and for Namibia promoting fish growth may be more important. The root crops sector is as important as that of grains in Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Malawi, but even more important in Mozambique. The study finds evidence of high spillover potential, especially for maize, rice, cattle, cassava, sorghum, and beans. Low-income countries gain the most from spill-in of R&D in the grains and roots subsectors; yield growth in these subsectors explains about 20 percent of these countries’ gains in the total value of production, compared with only 2.2 percent among middle-income countries. Our results emphasize not only the importance of expanding regional cooperation in R&D and technology diffusion in southern Africa, but the importance of strengthening regional agricultural markets and linkages with nonagricultural sectors.
3 Hagos, Fitsum; Haileslassie, Amare; Getnet, Kindie; Gebregziabher, Gebrehaweria; Bogale, A.; Getahun, Y. 2016. Marketing patterns of rainfed and irrigated systems: do they differ? Nairobi, Kenya: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) 29p. (Livestock and Irrigation Value Chains for Ethiopian Smallholders (LIVES) Working Paper 14)
Irrigation systems ; Rainfed farming ; Marketing techniques ; Economic aspects ; Farmers ; Irrigated farming ; Crops ; Cereal crops ; Grain legumes ; Vegetables ; Fruits ; Production possibilities ; Econometric models ; Households ; Irrigated land ; Land ownership / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047626)
(67.8 KB)
This study used nationwide dataset of 5000 households from four regions in Ethiopia to identify important determinants of market orientation, market participation and market outlet choices. The study used ordinary least square and instrumental regression and multivariate probit (MVP) techniques to do just that. Market-orientation was affected by productive capacity, oxen, total land area, irrigated land area, access to irrigation, and access to market information. Market participation is, in turn, affected by market oriented production, productive capacity and the availability of market information. With respect to outlet choices, the important role of market access conditions (mainly roads and storage facilities) and services (extension services and access to micro credit) were found to be important. Expanding the necessary infrastructure for irrigation development or creating the conditions for household adoption of different irrigation technologies is important for market production and participation and outlet choice decisions of households. Provision of adequate and timely marketing information is also another entry point to transform agriculture.
4 Schmitter, Petra; Haileslassie, Amare; Desalegn, Y.; Tilahun, S.; Langan, Simon; Barron, Jennie. 2016. Improving on-farm water management by introducing wetting front detectors to small scale irrigators in Ethiopia [Abstract only] Paper presented at the Annual Tropical and Subtropical Agricultural and Natural Resource Management (Tropentag) Conference on Solidarity in a Competing World - Fair Use of Resources, Vienna, Austria, 18-21 September 2016. 1p.
Water management ; Water productivity ; Water distribution ; Water user associations ; Small scale systems ; Irrigation scheduling ; Irrigation equipment ; Wetting front ; Crop production ; Cereal crops ; Vegetables ; Agroecology ; Farmers ; Soil conditioners ; Farm management / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047872)
Smallholder irrigation to improve food security in the dry season as well as economic and demographic growth within Ethiopia is developing rapidly. However, the long term sustainability of increased irrigated production, together with degradation of soils (and associated water bodies) may be irreparably damaged by inappropriate watering schedules. In irrigation schemes, over-irrigation results in periodic water scarcity issues and in some cases sodicity. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether using wetting front detectors (WFD), a simple mechanical irrigation advice tool, would give farmers the right knowledge on when and how much to irrigate. Therefore, improving sustainable on-farm water management without negatively affecting crop and water productivity while fostering a more equitable water distribution within the scheme. The study, conducted in different regions of Ethiopia, covered various agro-ecological zones and soil conditions with over 200 farmers irrigating cereals or vegetables. Farmers and water user associations were trained on using the WFD to irrigate and distribute water within the scheme. Irrigation and crop performance was evaluated against control plots, having the same crop variety and management but traditional irrigation practices. Reduction in applied irrigation volume due to the WFD differed within and between sites due to furrow length, soil texture and farmer experience. Although yield increases were highly variable between farmers due to differences in farm management and crop variety cultivated, there was a positive effect of WFD on water productivity. Water productivity on average increased by 9 % whereas yields for the different crops increased between 13 and 17 %. In some cases the volume of water saved could double the cropped area. The reduction of irrigation events, when using the WFD, led to labour saving (up to 11 working days per ha) and fuel saving (between 50 and 150 US$ per ha). In both sites, farmers positively evaluated the scheduling tool, acknowledging that they learned to save water without negatively impacting crop productivity. The study showed that by providing access to when and how much to irrigate, farmers can positively adjust their on-farm water management resulting in more sustainable usage of their natural resources.
5 Rahut, D. B.; Ali, A.; Imtiaz, M.; Mottaleb, K. A.; Erenstein, O. 2016. Impact of irrigation water scarcity on rural household food security and income in Pakistan. Water Science and Technology: Water Supply, 16(3):675-683. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.179]
Water scarcity ; Irrigation water ; Rural areas ; Household income ; Food security ; Poverty ; Farmers ; Socioeconomic environment ; Cereal crops ; Wheat ; Maize ; Rice ; Crop yield ; Models / Pakistan / Punjab / Sindh / Baluchistan / Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048086)
(0.16 MB)
As Pakistan is currently facing a severe shortage of irrigation water, this paper analyzes the determinants of water scarcity and its impact on the yield of cereal crops (wheat, maize and rice), household income, food security and poverty levels by employing the propensity-score-matching approach. This study is based on a comprehensive set of cross-sectional data collected from 950 farmers from all four major provinces in Pakistan. The empirical analysis indicated that farmers with a water-scarcity problem have lower yield and household income, and are food insecure. Poverty levels were higher: in the range of 7–12% for a household facing a water-scarcity problem. The policy implications of the study are that the public and private sector in Pakistan needs to invest in irrigation water management to maintain the productivity of cereal crops which is important for household food security and poverty reduction.
6 Shrestha, S.; Adhikari, S. 2017. Assessment of water, energy, and carbon footprints of crop production: a case study from Southeast Nepal. In Salam, P. A.; Shrestha, S.; Pandey, V. P.; Anal, A. K. (Eds.). Water-energy-food nexus: principles and practices. Indianapolis, IN, USA: Wiley. pp.181-190.
Crop production ; Water resources ; Food security ; Energy resources ; Irrigation systems ; Cereal crops ; Rice ; Maize ; Wheat ; Carbon footprint ; Seasonal cropping ; Monsoon climate ; Land use ; Agriculture ; Soil types ; Emission / Southeast Nepal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048747)
7 Nagothu, U. S. (Ed.) 2016. Climate change and agricultural development: improving resilience through climate smart agriculture, agroecology and conservation. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. 321p. (Earthscan Food and Agriculture Series)
Climate change adaptation ; Agricultural development ; Climate-smart agriculture ; Climate change mitigation ; Resilience ; Extreme weather events ; Water management ; Irrigation management ; Water productivity ; Farming systems ; Conservation agriculture ; Agricultural practices ; Intensification ; Agroecology ; Irrigation canals ; Agroecosystems ; Technology ; Agricultural production ; Cereal crops ; Rice ; Nutrient management ; Soil management ; Integrated management ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Gender ; Corporate culture ; Policies ; Strategies ; Case studies / Africa South of Sahara / South Asia / South East Asia / China / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 630.2515 G000 NAG Record No: H049154)
(0.46 MB)
8 Dixon, J.; Garrity, D. P.; Boffa, J.-M.; Williams, Timothy Olalekan; Amede, T.; Auricht, C.; Lott, R.; Mburathi, G. (Eds.) 2020. Farming systems and food security in Africa: priorities for science and policy under global change. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. 638p. (Earthscan Food and Agriculture Series)
Farming systems ; Food security ; Climate change ; Policies ; Urban agriculture ; Peri-urban agriculture ; Sustainable development ; Irrigated farming ; Large scale systems ; Mixed farming ; Agropastoral systems ; Perennials ; Agricultural productivity ; Intensification ; Diversification ; Farm size ; Land tenure ; Livestock ; Fish culture ; Agricultural extension ; Forests ; Highlands ; Drylands ; Fertilizers ; Soil fertility ; Water management ; Natural resources ; Nutrition security ; Energy ; Technology ; Investment ; Market access ; Trade ; Human capital ; Agricultural population ; Gender ; Women ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Living standards ; Poverty ; Hunger ; Socioeconomic environment ; Households ; Yield gap ; Tree crops ; Tubers ; Cereal crops ; Root crops ; Maize ; Ecosystem services ; Resilience ; Strategies / Africa South of Sahara / West Africa / East Africa / Southern Africa / Central Africa / Middle East / North Africa / Sahel
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049739)
(103 MB)
9 Chimonyo, V. G. P.; Govender, L.; Nyathi, M.; Scheelbeek, P. F. D.; Choruma, D. J.; Mustafa, M.; Massawe, F.; Slotow, R.; Modi, A. T.; Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe. 2023. Can cereal-legume intercrop systems contribute to household nutrition in semi-arid environments: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Nutrition, 10:1060246. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1060246]
Intercropping ; Cereal crops ; Legumes ; Multiple cropping ; Water use efficiency ; Water productivity ; Nutrition ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Goal 2 Zero hunger ; Goal 3 Good health and well-being ; Goal 12 Responsible production and consumption
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051672)
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1060246/pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051672.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051672.pdf
(1.35 MB) (1.35 MB)
Introduction: Intercropping cereals with legumes can intensify rainfed cereal monocropping for improved household food and nutritional security. However, there is scant literature confirming the associated nutritional benefits.
Methodology: A systematic review and meta-analysis of nutritional water productivity (NWP) and nutrient contribution (NC) of selected cereal-legume intercrop systems was conducted through literature searches in Scopus, Web of Science and ScienceDirect databases. After the assessment, only nine articles written in English that were field experiments comprising grain cereal and legume intercrop systems were retained. Using the R statistical software (version 3.6.0), paired t-tests were used to determine if differences existed between the intercrop system and the corresponding cereal monocrop for yield (Y), water productivity (WP), NC, and NWP.
Results: The intercropped cereal or legume yield was 10 to 35% lower than that for the corresponding monocrop system. In most instances, intercropping cereals with legumes improved NY, NWP, and NC due to their added nutrients. Substantial improvements were observed for calcium (Ca), where NY, NWP, and NC improved by 658, 82, and 256%, respectively.
Discussion: Results showed that cereal-legume intercrop systems could improve nutrient yield in water-limited environments. Promoting cereal legume intercrops that feature nutrient-dense legume component crops could contribute toward addressing the SDGs of Zero Hunger (SDG 3), Good Health and Well-3 (SDG 2) and Responsible consumption and production (SDG 12).
Methodology: A systematic review and meta-analysis of nutritional water productivity (NWP) and nutrient contribution (NC) of selected cereal-legume intercrop systems was conducted through literature searches in Scopus, Web of Science and ScienceDirect databases. After the assessment, only nine articles written in English that were field experiments comprising grain cereal and legume intercrop systems were retained. Using the R statistical software (version 3.6.0), paired t-tests were used to determine if differences existed between the intercrop system and the corresponding cereal monocrop for yield (Y), water productivity (WP), NC, and NWP.
Results: The intercropped cereal or legume yield was 10 to 35% lower than that for the corresponding monocrop system. In most instances, intercropping cereals with legumes improved NY, NWP, and NC due to their added nutrients. Substantial improvements were observed for calcium (Ca), where NY, NWP, and NC improved by 658, 82, and 256%, respectively.
Discussion: Results showed that cereal-legume intercrop systems could improve nutrient yield in water-limited environments. Promoting cereal legume intercrops that feature nutrient-dense legume component crops could contribute toward addressing the SDGs of Zero Hunger (SDG 3), Good Health and Well-3 (SDG 2) and Responsible consumption and production (SDG 12).
10 Alexandridis, N.; Feit, B.; Kihara, J.; Luttermoser, T.; May, W.; Midega, C.; Oborn, I.; Poveda, K.; Sileshi, G. W.; Zewdie, B.; Clough, Y.; Jonsson, M. 2023. Climate change and ecological intensification of agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa - a systems approach to predict maize yield under push-pull technology. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 352:108511. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108511]
Climate change ; Maize ; Agroecology ; Pest control ; Models ; Food security ; Precipitation ; Soil fertility ; Cereal crops ; Models ; Soil fauna ; Organic matter ; Land use ; Grasslands / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051864)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880923001706/pdfft?md5=6c6604f0c87880ec1ab42184a5219b4c&pid=1-s2.0-S0167880923001706-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051864.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051864.pdf
(3.70 MB) (3.70 MB)
Assessing effects of climate change on agricultural systems and the potential for ecological intensification to increase food security in developing countries is essential to guide management, policy-making and future research. ‘Push-pull’ technology (PPT) is a poly-cropping design developed in eastern Africa that utilizes plant chemicals to mediate plant–insect interactions. PPT application yields significant increases in crop productivity, by reducing pest load and damage caused by arthropods and parasitic weeds, while also bolstering soil fertility. As climate change effects may be species- and/or context-specific, there is need to elucidate how, in interaction with biotic factors, projected climate conditions are likely to influence future functioning of PPT. Here, we first reviewed how changes in temperature, precipitation and atmospheric CO2 concentration can influence PPT components (i.e., land use, soils, crops, weeds, diseases, pests and their natural enemies) across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We then imposed these anticipated responses on a landscape-scale qualitative mathematical model of maize production under PPT in eastern Africa, to predict cumulative, structure-mediated impacts of climate change on maize yield. Our review suggests variable impacts of climate change on PPT components in SSA by the end of the 21st century, including reduced soil fertility, increased weed and arthropod pest pressure and increased prevalence of crop diseases, but also increased biological control by pests’ natural enemies. Extrapolating empirical evidence of climate effects to predict responses to projected climate conditions is mainly limited by a lack of mechanistic understanding regarding single and interactive effects of climate variables on PPT components. Model predictions of maize yield responses to anticipated impacts of climate change in eastern Africa suggest predominantly negative future trends. Nevertheless, maize yields can be sustained or increased by favourable changes in system components with less certain future behaviour, including higher PPT adoption, preservation of field edge density and agricultural diversification beyond cereal crops.
11 Matchaya, Greenwell; Garcia, R. J.; Traore, F. 2023. Does bilateral trade in cereals within SADC reflect virtual trade in water between countries with different water endowments? Water International, 48(6):759-782. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2023.2255822]
International trade ; Cereal crops ; Virtual water ; Exports ; Imports ; Agricultural trade ; SADC countries ; Water resources ; Water scarcity ; Water demand ; Water availability ; Policies ; Models / Botswana / Lesotho / Madagascar / Malawi / Mozambique / Namibia / Mauritius / South Africa / Eswatini / United Republic of Tanzania / Zambia / Zimbabwe
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052254)
(0.85 MB)
This paper examines intraregional bilateral trade in virtual water embedded in cereal flows between the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) states. A gravity model is employed to examine whether annual bilateral trade depends on differences in water endowments, but also includes socio-economic and political determinants that affect trade. There is evidence that the abundance of water resources in a country influences trade for a product that is water dependent. Thus, the adverse effect of water scarcity in a country may be ameliorated by encouraging exports of water-intensive cereal crops where water is in abundance and imported where water is scarce.
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