Your search found 39 records
1 Okammoto, K.; Shindo, J.; Toda, H.; Kawashima, H. 2004. Environmental changes and food production in Asia. In Miyata, S.; Tada, M.; Koyama, O. (Eds.). Prospects for food security and agricultural sustainability in developing regions: New roles of international collaborative research. Proceedings of the 10th JIRCAS International Symposium. Tsukuba, Japan: JIRCAS. pp.55-62.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 630.7 G000 MIY Record No: H039262)
2 Sharma, Bharat R.; McCornick, Peter G. 2006. Domestic policy framework on adaptation to climate change in water resources: Case study for India. In Annex 1, Expert Group Seminar “Working Together to Respond to Climate Change.” OECD Global Forum on Sustainable Development, Paris, France, 27-28 March 2006. 25p.
Water policy ; Water law ; Legislation ; Water user associations ; Air temperature ; Precipitation ; Rivers ; Ecosystems ; Climate change ; Drought ; Flooding ; Forecasting / India / Dehradun watershed
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G635 SHA Record No: H039635)
3 Helmuth, B.; Harley, C. D. G.; Halpin, P. M.; O’Donnell, M.; Hofmann, G. E.; Blanchette, C. A. 2002. Climate change and latitudinal patterns of intertidal thermal stress. Science, 298:1015-1017.
Climate change ; Coastal area ; Habitats ; Body temperature ; Mussels ; Air temperature ; Water temperature / USA / California / Washington / Oregon
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 7836 Record No: H039938)
4 Aloysius, Noel. 2006. Climate change and its impacts on evapotranspiration: A temporal and spatial analysis for India. Thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of North Dakota in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. 87p.
Climate change ; Evapotranspiration ; Estimation ; Precipitation ; Air temperature ; Models ; Water resources ; River basins ; Irrigation requirements ; Crop production / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: D 551.6 000 ALO Record No: H040311)
5 De Silva, C. S.; Weatherhead, E. K.; Knox, J. W.; Rodriguez-Dias, J. A. 2007. Predicting the impacts of climate change: A case study of paddy irrigation water requirements in Sri Lanka. Agricultural Water Management, 93(1-2):19-29.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H040526)
(1.29 MB)
6 Sharma, Bharat R. 2007. Adaptation to impacts of climate change in water resources in India. Paper presented at the International Convention on Corporate Response to Climate Change, Palampur, India, 9-11 June 2007. 15p.
Climate change ; Water resources ; Air temperature ; Precipitation ; Rivers ; Ecosystems ; Coastal area ; Natural disasters / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 577.2 G635 SHA Record No: H040579)
7 Chandimala, J.; Tennakoon, U.; Siriwardhana, M.; Zubair, L. 2006. Topographically informed interpolation of temperature in Sri Lanka. In Dayawansa, N. D. K. (Ed.). Geo-informatics for environmental conservation and management: proceedings of the Third National Symposium on Geo-Informatics, 25 August 2006. Peradeniya, Sri Lanka: Geo-Informatics Society of Sri Lanka (GISSL) pp.51-57.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 526.0285 G570 DAY Record No: H040859)
8 Singer, S. F.; Avery, D. T. 2008. Unstoppable global warming: every 1,500 years. Lanham, MD, USA: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 278p.
Climate change ; History ; Air temperature ; Environmental temperature ; Drought ; Greenhouse effect ; Models ; Urbanization ; Land use ; Weather ; Health hazards ; Protocols ; Energy resources / Europe / Middle East / Asia / USA / Africa / China
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 363.73874 G000 SIN Record No: H041257)
9 Biggs, Trent W.; Scott, Christopher A.; Gaur, Anju; Venot, Jean-Philippe; Chase, T.; Lee, E. 2008. Impacts of irrigation and anthropogenic aerosols on the water balance, heat fluxes, and surface temperature in a river basin. Water Resources Research, 44(W12415):18p.
Aerosols ; Irrigation effects ; Water balance ; River basins ; Energy balance ; Air temperature ; Irrigation requirements ; Models / India / Krishna River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041814)
10 Eriyagama, Nishadi; Smakhtin, Vladimir. 2009. How prepared are water and agricultural sectors in Sri Lanka for climate change?: a review. Paper presented at the Water for Food Conference: national conference addressing water management issues, food security, environment and climate change in Sri Lanka, organized by the International Water Management Institute, Irrigation Department (Sri Lanka), Department of Agriculture (Sri Lanka), Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute, held at the Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 9 - 11 June 2009. 25p.
Climate ; Rain ; Climate change ; Adaptation ; Water resources ; Energy ; Air temperature ; Agricultural production ; Coconuts ; Rice ; Crops ; Diversification ; Research priorities / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042329)
(0.39 MB)
Climate is changing world wide, and the science community in Sri Lanka have come up with ample evidence to suggest that the country’s climate has already changed. During 1961- 1990 it’s mean air temperature has increased by 0.016 0C per year (higher than the global average of 0.013 0C), and mean annual rainfall- decreased by 144 mm (7%) compared to the period 1931-1960. In addition, mean annual daytime maximum and mean annual night-time minimum air temperatures increased. However, the bigger question of national importance is what Sri Lanka’s climate will look like in 50 or 100 years and how prepared is the country to face it. Apart from the IPCC projections at the coarse global scale, few studies attempted to project future climate scenarios for Sri Lanka and to identify climate change impacts on agriculture, water resources, the sea level, the plantation sector, the economy and health. Vulnerability and adaptation to climate change are the least studied areas. The paper reviews the status of climate change research/activities in Sri Lanka with respect to future climate predictions, impacts, mitigation and adaptation, and identifies existing knowledge gaps. Messages emerging from this review suggest that Sri Lanka’s mean temperature during the North-East (December-February) and South-West (May-September) monsoon seasons will increase by about 2.9 0C and 2.5 0C respectively, over the baseline (1961-1990), by the year 2100 with accompanying changes in the quantity and spatial distribution of rainfall. Extreme climate events are expected to increase in frequency. These changes will bring about widespread impacts on the country’s agriculture and economy. For example, a 0.5 0C increase in temperature can reduce rice yield by approximately 5.9%; extended dry spells and excessive cloudiness during the wet season can reduce coconut yield so that annual losses can range between $32 and $73 million. Pilot studies in the Galle District suggest that sea level rise could inundate about 20% of the land area of coastal district secretariat divisions. Adaptation measures already undertaken in the agricultural sector include development of low water consuming rice varieties and use of micro-irrigation technologies. Tools have been developed for predicting seasonal water availability within the Mahaweli Scheme and for predicting annual national coconut production. However, Sri Lanka is yet to undertake a comprehensive national study on the vulnerability of its water resources and agriculture to climate change. Formulation of detailed and reliable future climate scenarios for the country is and urgent need in this regard.
11 Eriyagama, Nishadi. 2010. Responding to climate change signals and impacts: the case of Sri Lanka. Paper presented at the Regional Workshop on Strategic Assessment for Climate Change Adaptation in Natural Resource Management, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 8-11 June 2010. 2p.
Climate change ; Adaptation ; Air temperature ; Agriculture ; Water resources ; Case studies / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042964)
(0.03 MB)
12 Strahler, A.; Strahler, A. 1997. Physical geography, science and systems of the human environment. New York, NY, USA: John Wiley. 637p.
Geography ; Electromagnetic radiation ; Ozone layer ; Ozone depletion ; Air temperature ; Relative humidity ; Precipitation ; Water balance ; Air pollution ; Winds ; Weather ; Climate ; Latitude ; Altitude ; Land degradation ; Rain ; Greenhouse effect ; Earthquakes ; Landforms ; Groundwater management ; Glaciers ; Ecosystems ; Mapping ; Remote sensing ; GIS ; Soil classification
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 910 G000 STR Record No: H043932)
(0.19 MB)
13 Melesse, A. M.; Abtew, W.; Setegn, S. G.; Dessalegne, T. 2011. Hydrological variability and climate of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin. In Melesse, A. M. (Ed.). Nile River Basin: hydrology, climate and water use. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.3-37.
Hydrology ; Climate change ; River basins ; Rain ; Statistics ; Hydrometeorology ; Air temperature ; Topography ; Agroclimatic zones ; Soils ; Lakes ; Flow / Ethiopia / Upper Blue Nile River Basin / Lake Tana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.483 G136 MEL Record No: H044021)
14 Chemin, Yann. 2012. A distributed benchmarking framework for actual ET models. In Irmak, A. (Ed.). Evapotranspiration - remote sensing and modeling. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech. pp.421-436.
Remote sensing ; Evapotranspiration ; Models ; Energy balance ; Soil heating ; Soil temperature ; Air temperature ; Weather data ; Data processing ; Image processing
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044675)
http://www.intechopen.com/source/pdfs/26115/InTech-A_distributed_benchmarking_framework_for_actual_et_models.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044675.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044675.pdf
(0.29 MB) (300.42KB)
With the various types of actual ET models being developed in the last 20 years, it becomes necessary to inter-compare methods. Most of already published ETa models comparisons address few number of models, and small to medium areas (Chemin et al., 2010; Gao & Long, 2008; García et al., 2007; Suleiman et al., 2008; Timmermans et al., 2007). With the large amount of remote sensing data covering the Earth, and the daily information available for the past ten years (i.e. Aqua/Terra-MODIS) for each pixel location, it becomes paramount to have a more complete comparison, in space and time. To address this new experimental requirement, a distributed computing framework was designed, and created. The design architecture was built from original satellite datasets to various levels of processing until reaching the requirement of various ETa models input dataset. Each input product is computed once and reused in all ETa models requiring such input. This permits standardization of inputs as much as possible to zero-in variations of models to the models internals/specificities.
15 Ahmad, Waqas; Fatima, A.; Awan, U. K.; Anwar, Arif. 2014. Analysis of long term meteorological trends in the middle and lower Indus Basin of Pakistan: a non-parametric statistical approach. Global and Planetary Change, 122:282-291. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.09.007]
Climate change ; Rain ; Air temperature ; River basins ; Meteorological factors ; Parametric programming ; Case studies / Pakistan / Indus Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046663)
(1.09 MB)
The Indus basin of Pakistan is vulnerable to climate change which would directly affect the livelihoods of poor people engaged in irrigated agriculture. The situation could be worse in middle and lower part of this basin which occupies 90% of the irrigated area. The objective of this research is to analyze the long term meteorological trends in the middle and lower parts of Indus basin of Pakistan. We used monthly data from 1971 to 2010 and applied non-parametric seasonal Kendal test for trend detection in combination with seasonal Kendall slope estimator to quantify the magnitude of trends. The meteorological parameters considered were mean maximum and mean minimum air temperature, and rainfall from 12 meteorological stations located in the study region. We examined the reliability and spatial integrity of data by mass-curve analysis and spatial correlation matrices, respectively. Analysis was performed for four seasons (spring—March to May, summer—June to August, fall—September to November and winter—December to February). The results show that max. temperature has an average increasing trend of magnitude +0.16, +0.03, 0.0 and +0.04 °C/decade during all the four seasons, respectively. The average trend of min. temperature during the four seasons also increases with magnitude of +0.29, +0.12, +0.36 and +0.36 °C/decade, respectively. Persistence of the increasing trend is more pronounced in the min. temperature as compared to the max. temperature on annual basis. Analysis of rainfall data has not shown any noteworthy trend during winter, fall and on annual basis. However during spring and summer season, the rainfall trends vary from -1.15 to +0.93 and -3.86 to +2.46 mm/decade, respectively. It is further revealed that rainfall trends during all seasons are statistically non-significant. Overall the study area is under a significant warming trend with no changes in rainfall.
16 Savean, M.; Delclaux, F.; Chevallier, P.; Wagnon, P.; Gonga-Saholiariliva, N.; Sharma, R.; Neppel, L.; Arnaud, Y. 2015. Water budget on the Dudh Koshi River (Nepal): uncertainties on precipitation. Journal of Hydrology, 531(Part 3):850-862. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.10.040]
Water budget ; Water resources ; River basins ; Precipitation ; Uncertainty ; Snow cover ; Glaciers ; Hydrology ; Models ; Satellite observation ; Air temperature ; Evapotranspiration ; Discharges ; Hydrometeorology ; Mountains / Nepal / Central Himalaya / Dudh Koshi River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047603)
(1.47 MB)
Although vital for millions of inhabitants, Himalayan water resources remain currently poorly known, mainly because of uncertainties on hydro-meteorological measurements. In this study, the authors propose a new assessment of the water budget components of the Dudh Koshi River basin (3720 km2 , Eastern Nepal), taking into account the associated uncertainties. The water budget is studied through a cross analysis of field observations with the result of a daily hydrological conceptual distributed snow model. Both observed datasets of spatialized precipitations, interpolated with a co-kriging method, and of discharge, provided by the hydrological agency of Nepal, are completed by reanalysis data (NCEP/NCAR) for air temperature and potential evapotranspiration, as well as satellite snow products (MOD10A2) giving the dynamics of the snow cover area. According to the observation, the water budget on the basin is significantly unbalanced; it is attributed to a large underestimation of precipitation, typical of high mountain areas. By contrast, the water budget simulated by the modeling approach is well balanced; it is due to an unrealistic overestimation of the glacier melt volume. A reversing method led to assess the precipitation underestimation at around 80% of the annual amount. After the correction of the daily precipitation by this ratio, the simulated fluxes of rainfall, icemelt, and snowmelt gave 63%, 29%, and 8% of the annual discharge, respectively. This basin-wide precipitation correction is likely to change in respect to topographic or geographic parameters, or in respect to seasons, but due to an insufficient knowledge of the precipitation spatial variability, this could not be investigated here, although this may significantly change the respective proportions for rain, ice or snow melt.
17 Deng, H.; Chen, Y. 2017. Influences of recent climate change and human activities on water storage variations in Central Asia. Journal of Hydrology, 544:46-57. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.11.006]
Climate change ; Human behaviour ; Water resources ; Water storage ; Water table ; Groundwater extraction ; Precipitation ; Evapotranspiration ; Air temperature ; Glaciers ; Satellite observation ; Models ; River basins ; Mountains / Central Asia / Tian Shan Mountains / Tarim River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047955)
(4.16 MB)
Terrestrial water storage (TWS) change is an indicator of climate change. Therefore, it is helpful to understand how climate change impacts water systems. In this study, the influence of climate change on TWS in Central Asia over the past decade was analyzed using the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellites and Climatic Research Unit datasets. Results indicate that TWS experienced a decreasing trend in Central Asia from 2003 to 2013 at a rate of 4.44 ± 2.2 mm/a, and that the maximum positive anomaly for TWS (46 mm) occurred in July 2005, while the minimum negative anomaly ( 32.5 mm) occurred in March 2008–August 2009. The decreasing trend of TWS in northern Central Asia ( 3.86 ± 0.63 mm/a) is mainly attributed to soil moisture storage depletion, which is driven primarily by the increase in evapotranspiration. In the mountainous regions, climate change exerted an influence on TWS by affecting glaciers and snow cover change. However, human activities are now the dominant factor driving the decline of TWS in the Aral Sea region and the northern Tarim River Basin.
18 Richards, D. R.; Edwards, P. J. 2018. Using water management infrastructure to address both flood risk and the urban heat island. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 34(4):490-498. (Special issue: Urban Resilience to Droughts and Floods: Policies and Governance). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2017.1357538]
Flood control ; Air temperature ; Risk management ; Water management ; Infrastructure ; Climate change ; Environmental control ; Water storage ; Infiltration ; Cooling ; Rain ; Urban planning ; Vegetation ; Ecosystem services
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048811)
(0.94 MB)
Two important environmental challenges for many cities are to prevent flooding after heavy rain, and to minimize warming due to the urban heat island effect. There is a close link between these two phenomena, as rainfall intensity increases with rising air temperature. The two problems of flood management and urban warming therefore need to be tackled together. In particular, management strategies that contribute to reducing urban temperatures should be recognized as a means of reducing flood risk, especially in regions prone to intense rainfall.
19 Glavan, M. (Ed.) 2018. Water challenges of an urbanizing world. London, UK: IntechOpen Limited. 182p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.68339]
Water management ; Urbanization ; Water supply ; Drinking water ; Water pollution ; Water quality control ; Biological contamination ; Chemical contamination ; Microplastics ; Waste water treatment plants ; Waterborne diseases ; Infectious diseases ; Legionnaires' disease ; Sustainable development ; Integrated management ; Water resources ; Urban development ; Satellite imagery ; Climate change ; Flooding ; Air temperature ; Strategies ; Constraints ; Case studies / USA / Mexico / China / Gansu / Puget Sound / Elliott Bay / Seattle Aquarium / Western Longhai-Lanxin Economic Zone / High Plains
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049035)
https://www.intechopen.com/books/water-challenges-of-an-urbanizing-world
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049035_TOC.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049035_TOC.pdf
(0.44 MB)
Global water crisis is a challenge to the security, political stability and environmental sustainability of developing nations and with climate, economically and politically, induces migrations also for the developed ones. Currently, the urban population is 54% with prospects that by the end of 2050 and 2100 66% and 80%, respectively, of the world's population will live in urban environment. Untreated water abstracted from polluted resources and destructed ecosystems as well as discharge of untreated waste water is the cause of health problems and death for millions around the globe. Competition for water is wide among agriculture, industry, power companies and recreational tourism as well as nature habitats. Climate changes are a major threat to the water resources. This book intends to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in integrated assessment of water resource management in the urbanizing world, which is a foundation to develop society with secure water availability, food market stability and ecosystem preservation.
20 Jaiswal, S.; Ballal, M. S. 2020. Fuzzy inference based irrigation controller for agricultural demand side management. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 175:105537. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2020.105537]
Irrigation systems ; Decision support systems ; Irrigation scheduling ; Soil water content ; Evapotranspiration ; Drip irrigation ; Air temperature ; Water levels ; Flood irrigation ; Water balance ; Energy consumption ; Economic aspects ; Models / India / Maharashtra
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049818)
(2.16 MB)
The efficient and sustainable irrigation mechanism results in reduced water loss and improved crop productivity. This paper presents a real-time fuzzy inference based automated irrigation controller implemented in LabVIEW, that utilizes the data logged from the sensor network and communicated using GSM/GPRS module. The proposed drip irrigation scheduler receives the data from soil moisture, humidity, air temperature and water level sensor, in order to decide the percentage valve opening. Recently the open channel system have transformed into pressurized pipe systems which utilizes large amount of energy for uniform distribution of water. In order to optimize the energy consumption utilized in irrigation, availability based tariff (ABT) is implemented. The time interval for which drip irrigation is regulated, is controlled by supply frequency to operate pumps in low tariff period. This technique is applicable for wide range of crops which are grown in Kharif and Rabi season. The field experimentation results shows that the cost of irrigation is reduced by 30% as the water and electricity is efficiently utilized. Water saving is 45% more as compared to flood irrigation mechanism. Cost benefit achieved for Sorghum crop cultivation by proposed fuzzy based irrigation technique is higher by Rs.598/acre than the profit realized by manual flood irrigation.
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