Your search found 19 records
1 Perera, B. J. C.; Codner, G. P. 1996. Reservoir targets for urban water supply systems. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 122(4):270-279.
Reservoir storage ; Simulation models ; Computer models ; Water supply ; Water distribution / Australia / Melbourne
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H018673)
2 Grayson, R. B.; Western, A. W. 1998. Towards areal estimation of soil water content from point measurements: Time and space stability of mean response. Journal of Hydrology, 207:68-82.
Soil water ; Soil moisture ; Measurement ; Remote sensing ; Simulation models ; Monitoring ; Catchment areas / Australia / USA / Melbourne / Tarrawarra / Oklahoma / Chickasha / New South Wales / Lockyersleigh
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 5034 Record No: H023848)
3 ESCAP. 1998. Guidelines and manual on the protection and rehabilitation of contaminated rivers. New York, NY, USA: UN. xiv, 279p. (Water resources series no.78)
River basins ; Rehabilitation ; Water pollution ; Water quality ; Pollution control ; Environmental effects ; Ecology ; Ecosystems ; Water supply ; Sanitation ; Food security ; Fisheries ; Information systems ; Databases ; Monitoring ; Data collection ; GIS ; Simulation models ; Decision support tools ; Technology transfer ; Catchment areas ; Social participation ; Human resource development ; Women in development ; Water reuse ; Recycling ; Wastewater ; Decentralization ; Reservoirs ; Water storage ; Estuaries ; Risks ; Water resource management ; Planning ; Case studies / Japan / Australia / New Zealand / Philippines / USA / UK / Indonesia / Auckland / Pasig River / Melbourne / Tees Estuary
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 ESC Record No: H025839)
4 Bhatia, R.; Cestti, R.; Winpenny, J. 1995. Water conservation and reallocation: Best practice cases in improving economic efficiency and environmental quality. Washington, DC, USA: World Bank. v, 98p. (Water & sanitation currents)
Water resource management ; Water conservation ; Households ; Water allocation ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Water policy ; Wastewater ; Water reuse ; Water pollution ; Effluents ; Pollution control ; Environmental effects ; Irrigation canals ; Canal linings ; Water market ; Groundwater ; Privatization ; Water rates ; Case studies / Ivory Coast / India / Bogor / Arizona / California / New York / Washington / Tucson / Goa / Kanpur / Madras / Bihar / Punjab / Jamshedpur / Jakarta / Jabotabek Region / Sao Paulo / Beijing / Victoria / Melbourne
Call no: 628.1 G000 BHA Record No: H026388)
5 Guterstam, B. 2003. Reuse of wastewater: Case studies. Unpublished report. 9p.
Water reuse ; Wastewater ; Water quality ; Sanitation ; Case studies / India / China / Europe / Australia / Calcutta / Munich / Melbourne
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 6480 Record No: H032785)
6 Mekala, Gayathri Devi; Davidson, B.; Samad, Madar; Boland, A. M. 2008. A framework for efficient wastewater treatment and recycling systems. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 17p. (IWMI Working Paper 129) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.310]
Water reuse ; Wastewater ; Recycling ; Pricing ; Water allocation ; Cost benefit analysis ; Wastewater irrigation ; Developing countries ; Developed countries ; Case studies / India / Australia / Hyderabad / Melbourne
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 363.7284 G000 MEK Record No: H041344)
(320KB)
Use of un-treated/partially treated wastewater for irrigation in the dry countries of Asia and Africa and recycling of treated wastewater in the water scarce developed countries has become a common practice due to various reasons. While the lack of wastewater treatment to appropriate levels before use is a major problem in developing countries, the high cost of wastewater recycling is the major problem in developed countries. The current paper is part of a doctoral research and presents the conceptual framework for the research and the methodology that can be used to tackle the problems associated with wastewater recycling.
7 Mekala, Gayathri Devi; Davidson, B. A.; Boland, A. 2007. Multiple uses of wastewater: a methodology for cost-effective recycling. In Khan, S. J.; Stuetz, R. M.; Anderson, J. M. (Eds.). Water reuse and recycling. Sydney, Australia: University of New South Wales (UNSW) Publishing and Printing Services. pp.335-343.
Wastewater ; Recycling ; Water reuse ; Cost benefit analysis ; Decision support tools ; Costs ; Pricing ; Multiple use / Australia / Melbourne
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042328)
(0.39 MB)
While wastewater recycling is being promoted to serve varied objectives, little or no research has been done on its economics. Given the fact that wastewater can be used in various sectors: agriculture, households, industry and recreation, the questions that need to be answered are – to what extent should wastewater be recycled, in which sectors and at what cost? A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of wastewater recycling across the sectors will be done to assess the relative desirability of recycling in one sector over the other depending upon the objectives of stakeholders and budget constraints. Then a choice modelling technique will be used to weight the different objectives and to determine appropriate sectoral use of recycled wastewater. The methodology is currently in development stage and the research will be conducted using the case study of Melbourne where, wastewater is currently being recycled from the Western Treatment Plant and has been mandated to increase to 20 % by year 2010 through increased recycling in sectors other than agriculture. The results of the research can be used to develop a decision support tool which will help to determine the amount of wastewater that should be allocated to each sector depending upon the objective one wants to achieve. A further step in the research depending upon the objective i.e if the objective is to complement the urban water sources, would be to compare the cost-effectiveness of wastewater recycling versus other options like buying water on the market from the agricultural sector, tapping ground water resources, storm water, new catchments and rainwater recycling.
8 Barker-Reid, F.; Harper, G. A.; Hamilton, A. J. 2010. Affluent effluent: growing vegetables with wastewater in Melbourne, Australia - a wealthy but bone-dry city. Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 24(1-2):79-94 (Special issue with contributions by IWMI authors) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10795-009-9082-x]
Wastewater irrigation ; Vegetable growing ; Health hazards ; Risk assessment ; Models ; Wastewater treatment ; Urban agriculture / Australia / Melbourne
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042882a)
(0.25 MB)
Water scarcity in Australia has become a significant challenge for all water users and water reuse is now a critical component of Melbourne’s response to this water crisis, particularly for food production. While most vegetable production occurs in a large-scale commercial environment, there is a significant proportion produced in backyards. With the introduction of severe water restrictions, commercial vegetable production now relies heavily on high quality Class A reclaimed water, while households have turned to the use of greywater. While there are many benefits of wastewater reuse, there are also many potential risks to plant, environmental and human health. A quantitative microbial risk assessment of the two systems was conducted to evaluate the human health risks associated with both large-scale and backyard reuse of water for vegetable irrigation. This preliminary model suggests that for irrigation with typical greywater, the annual infection probability for enteric viruses is >10-4, even after a two week period of no irrigation with greywater. The human annual enteric virus risk from Class A reclaimed water was much lower.
9 Barker-Reid, F.; Harper, G. A.; Hamilton, A. J. 2010. Erratum to: Affluent effluent: growing vegetables with wastewater in Melbourne, Australia - a wealthy but bone-dry city. Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 24(1-2):153 (Special issue with contributions by IWMI authors) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10795-010-9094-6]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042882b)
10 Dillon, P.; Pavelic, Paul; Page, D.; Miotlinski, K.; Levett, K.; Barry, K.; Taylor, R.; Wakelin, S.; Vanderzalm, J.; Chassagne, A.; Molloy, R.; Lennon, L.; Parsons, S.; Dudding, M.; Goode, A. 2010. Developing Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) opportunities in Melbourne – Rossdale ASR demonstration project final report. Collingwood, VIC, Australia: CSIRO. Water for a Healthy Country National Research Flagship. 125p. (Water for a Healthy Country Flagship Report Series)
Aquifers ; Recharge ; Water harvesting ; Wells ; Salinity ; Water quality ; Assessment ; Health hazards ; Models ; Economic evaluation / Australia / Melbourne / Aspendale / Port Phillip Basin / Rossdale ASR Demonstration Project
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043308)
http://www.clw.csiro.au/publications/waterforahealthycountry/2010/wfhc-Rossdale-ASR-demonstration.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043308.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043308.pdf
(5.85 MB) (5.84.MB)
11 Irrigation Association of Australia. 1992. National Irrigation Convention Proceedings: Technology for Improved Irrigation Efficiency and Productivity. Melbourne, Australia: Irrigation Association of Australia. 264p.
Water management ; Irrigation management ; Irrigated farming ; Irrigation efficiency ; Technology ; Water conservation ; Greenhouse effect ; Horticulture ; Water deficit ; Water storage ; River basin management ; Irrigation scheduling ; Surface irrigation ; Economic aspects ; Crops ; Water use ; Water supply ; Water policy ; Water sharing ; Salinity ; Soil moisture / Australia / Melbourne / Murray Darling River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 631.7 G922 IRR Record No: H044540)
(0.44 MB)
12 Maheshwari, B.; Connellan, G. (Eds.) 2005. Proceedings of the National Workshop on Role of Irrigation in Urban Water Conservation: Opportunities and Challenges, Sydney, Australia, 28-29 October 2004. Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia: Cooperative Research Centre for Irrigation Futures (CRCIF). 79p. (CRC IF Publication 2005/1)
Water resources ; Water management ; Water conservation ; Water use efficiency ; Irrigation ; Urban areas ; Irrigation efficiency ; Horticulture ; Landscape ; Research ; Climate change ; Case studies / Australia / Melbourne
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 631.7 G922 MAH Record No: H046455)
http://www.irrigationfutures.org.au/imagesDB/news/UrbanWorkshopProcOct2004(1).pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046455.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046455.pdf
(0.87 MB) (888 KB)
13 Maheshwari, B.; Purohit, R.; Malano, H.; Singh, V. P.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. (Eds.) 2014. The security of water, food, energy and liveability of cities: challenges and opportunities for peri-urban futures. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. 489p. (Water Science and Technology Library Volume 71)
Water security ; Food security ; Food production ; Food supply ; Energy conservation ; Agriculture ; Periurban areas ; Urban areas ; Urbanization ; Rural areas ; Hydrological cycle ; Models ; Sustainable development ; Social aspects ; Water footprint ; Water supply ; Water use ; Water demand ; Water availability ; Catchment areas ; Solar energy ; Carbon cycle ; Sanitation ; Health hazards ; Malnutrition ; Milk production ; Decentralization ; Wastewater management ; Wastewater treatment ; Excreta ; Waste treatment ; Nutrients ; Horticulture ; Labour mobility ; Climate change ; Knowledge management ; Greenhouse gases ; Emission reduction ; Land use ; Biodiversity ; Case studies / India / Australia / Ghana / Iran / West Africa / Ethiopia / Uganda / Africa South of Sahara / Senegal / Bangladesh / Melbourne / Tamale / Shiraz / Sydney / Addis Ababa / Accra / Hyderabad / Kampala / Dakar / Dhaka / Udaipur / Bharatpur / Tigray Region / Rajasthan / Rajsamand District / South Creek Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI, e-copy SF Record No: H046685)
(10.11 MB)
14 Malano, H.; Arora, M.; Rathnayaka, K. 2014. Integrated water cycle modelling of the urban/peri-urban continuum. In Maheshwari, B.; Purohit, R.; Malano, H.; Singh, V. P.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. (Eds.). The security of water, food, energy and liveability of cities: challenges and opportunities for peri-urban futures. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.11-26. (Water Science and Technology Library Volume 71)
Hydrological cycle ; Models ; Resource allocation ; Water supply ; Water demand ; Wastewater ; Water allocation ; Groundwater ; Urban areas ; Periurban areas ; Land use ; Urbanization ; Catchment areas ; Case studies / Australia / Melbourne / Western Sydney / South Creek Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047017)
The world is undergoing an intensive process of urbanisation. In 2008, for the first time in history, over half of the world’s population was living in urban and peri-urban areas. It is estimated that this number will increase to 5 billion by 2030 with most of this growth occurring on the edges of mega-cities. Smaller cities are also undergoing large transformations. Urbanisation can bring opportunities for people to improve their standard of living and access to education and other services but it can also bring and concentrate poverty in developing countries where most of this urban growth is occurring. Increased urbanisation presents planners and policy makers with many challenges, foremost among them, competition for land and water resources with other sectors such as agriculture. Critical to our capacity to develop a sound urban transformation policy is our ability to integrate science to support the formulation of sustainable planning strategies. Increasing competition for water in many regions of the world provides an impetus for increasing use of water saving and replacement techniques, such as water reuse and recycling and urban runoff harvest. This new paradigm requires an improved capability for integrated modelling approaches to analyse the whole-of-watercycle. Such an approach involves the integration of the various sub-systems— Catchment (surface-groundwater), water supply systems, wastewater, water allocation, internal recycling, decentralised treatment and storm water harvesting. Adding to this system complexity is the need to consider water quality as a constraining factor when using a fit-for-purpose approach to integrated urban water management (IUWM). This paper focuses on the challenges and opportunities involved in modelling the urban/peri-urban water cycle for planning of urban and peri-urban systems, including spatial and temporal scale and integration of hydrologic, water allocation with differential water quality across catchment and political divisions. Case studies are used to illustrate the use of integrated water modelling to inform a scenario planning approach to integrated water resource management in an urban/peri-urban context. In this analysis, two main constraints to effective modelling are identified—Lack of model integration and lack of data in the appropriate time and spatial scale often stemming from the lack of a robust data monitoring program of the entire water cycle. A framework for integration of water system modelling with economic modelling is presented.
15 Buxton, M. 2014. The expanding urban fringe: impacts on peri-urban areas, Melbourne, Australia. In Maheshwari, B.; Purohit, R.; Malano, H.; Singh, V. P.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. (Eds.). The security of water, food, energy and liveability of cities: challenges and opportunities for peri-urban futures. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.55-70. (Water Science and Technology Library Volume 71)
Periurban areas ; Urban development ; Rural areas ; Land use ; Urban planning ; Population growth ; Policy ; State intervention ; Farmland ; Environmental effects / Australia / Melbourne
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047020)
The resources of peripheral urban areas are under unprecedented threat because of the rapid conversion of rural land for urban purposes. Yet these resources offer significant long-term advantages to cities by increasing their resilience in times of rapid change. Cities which retain the values of their hinterlands may be those which survive best this century. The fate of the peri-urban area of Melbourne, Australia, and associated decision making processes, provide a case study of the pressures on peri-urban regions and the common inadequacy of government responses. Australian cities are characterised by two co-existing city types. Dense, nineteenth century mixed use inner urban areas characteristic of European cities are becoming denser. Yet new outer urban development continues the detached housing model and separated land uses typical of North America and adopted in Australia early in the twentieth century at some of the world’s lowest housing and population densities. Spatial difference is matched to social inequity. Higher income, tertiary educated, professionally employed households are concentrated in service rich inner and middle ring suburbs and selected outer urban areas, while lower income households without tertiary qualifications are concentrated primarily in service poor outer urban areas. Australian cities consume land at one of the world’s highest per capita rates, continually transforming nearby rural areas with high natural resource values to urban uses. These cities also affect broader non-urban areas. People are attracted to semi-rural lifestyles within commuting distance of metropolitan areas. Unless governments intervene, land is subdivided into rural-residential lots and agricultural pursuits relocate further from cities. Tourism and recreational developments are constructed on rural land and a range of other urban related land uses gradually emerge until the rural nature of these areas is irrevocably altered. Every Australian capital city adopted a metropolitan strategic spatial plan after 2000 which attempted to limit further outer growth into urban hinterlands through a range of urban containment policies. However, none of these plans succeeded in containing the urban sprawl or in radically changing the dominant model of outer urban development from detached housing with little variation in lot size or house types, large average lot sizes and separated land uses. Every State strategic plan has been substantially modified or abandoned. This chapter describes the impacts of metropolitan centres on peripheral urban areas, examines development pressures on these areas, why they are important to cities and why Australian cities continue to spread despite stated policies to the contrary. The city of Melbourne, Australia, is used as a case study, but broader conclusions are drawn for other cities.
16 Thrysoe, C.; Balstrom, T.; Borup, M.; Lowe, R.; Jamali, B.; Arnbjerg-Nielsen, K. 2021. FloodStroem: a fast dynamic GIS-based urban flood and damage model. Journal of Hydrology, 600:126521. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126521]
Flooding ; Flood damage ; Models ; Climate change ; Urban areas ; Catchment areas ; Water levels ; Risk ; Geographical information systems ; Drainage systems ; Indicators / Australia / Melbourne / Elster Creek Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050427)
(5.74 MB)
Due to climate change and urbanization, urban flood modelling has become an increasingly important tool in assessing flooding and associated damage costs. However, large computational demands of state-of-the art hydrodynamic flood models makes multiple and real-time simulations unfeasible. This study presents a fast-dynamic GIS-based flood model, FloodStroem. FloodStroem generates a surface network of depressions (bluespots) and flow paths, and routes surcharged water from a subsurface drainage model through the network resulting in flood depth maps and associated damage costs. FloodStroem is tested on three sub-catchments in Elster Creek Catchment, Melbourne, Australia and benchmarked against the 2D distributed hydrodynamic model MIKE 21 and two other simplified models, RUFIDAM and CA-ffé. FloodStroem is robust to the number of bluespots included. For the three sub-catchments, FloodStroem can reproduce flooding time, pattern, depth, and damage costs sufficiently, but has a tendency to underestimate flooding upstream and overestimate flooding downstream. Performance is best for the large, steep sub-catchments and largest rainstorms, where FloodStroem performs better than the two other simplified models. The Critical Success Index (CSI) ranges from 23 % for a 5-year storm event in a flat catchment to 65 % for a 100-year return period for a steeper catchment. With respect to simulation time, FloodStroem is five orders of magnitude faster than the 2D hydrodynamic model, and 33 times faster when including the entire model setup time, which has potential for further reduction by optimization of the workflow.
17 Bos, D. G. 2021. Private assets for public benefit: the challenge of long-term management of domestic rainwater tanks. Blue-Green Systems, 3(1):1-12. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2021.003]
Rainwater harvesting ; Stormwater management ; Water tanks ; Infrastructure ; Maintenance ; Private land ; Community involvement ; Water supply ; Pumps ; Households ; Domestic water / Australia / Melbourne / Mount Evelyn
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050463)
https://iwaponline.com/bgs/article-pdf/doi/10.2166/bgs.2021.003/899782/bgs2021003.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050463.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050463.pdf
(0.40 MB) (408 KB)
This study explored the relationship private landowners have with their domestic rainwater tank and how that relationship influences the reliability of privately operated rainwater tanks for long-term performance and delivery of service. It found that tank owners generally placed a high value on their tank, desired to have them fully operational and made a reasonable effort to keep them functioning. However, the frequency and extent of maintenance action and effort was variable, and in the context of a private residence, rainwater tanks were typically afforded a low relative priority for repair when compared with other residential assets. This low relative priority could be a primary driver for the reported delay between when a fault occurs with the tank and when it is repaired. This ‘repair lag’ means that a portion of domestic rainwater tanks are likely to be non-operational at any one time. When planning a decentralised system for the management of stormwater, redundancies should be included to cover these gaps in service delivery. It is also recommended that programmes that support private landowners to maintain their rainwater tanks are implemented to minimise repair lag.
18 Iftekhar, Md. S.; Zhang, F.; Polyakov, M.; Fogarty, J.; Burton, M. 2021. Non-market values of water sensitive urban designs: a case study on rain gardens. Water Resources and Economics, 34:100178. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wre.2021.100178]
Urban environment ; Stormwater management ; Cost benefit analysis ; Willingness to pay ; Infrastructure ; Households ; Case studies ; Models / Australia / Sydney / Melbourne
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050478)
(0.61 MB)
Rain gardens are an established element of water sensitive urban infrastructure. However, information on people's preferences for such systems is lacking. To understand whether people express willingness to pay for such systems and whether estimates are transferable between locations, we conducted choice experiments in Sydney and Melbourne. We found that people are willing to pay for rain gardens. The marginal willingness to pay for different features is similar in both locations, but the transfer of compensating surplus values between locations still generates transfer errors. The implications of transfer errors are investigated using a benefit-cost analysis of a rain garden installation.
19 Malekpour, S.; Tawfik, S.; Chesterfield, C. 2021. Designing collaborative governance for nature-based solutions. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 62:127177. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127177]
Urban development ; Co-management ; Governance ; Water management ; Climate change ; Transformation ; Infrastructure ; Sustainability ; Decision making ; Stakeholders ; Local government ; Frameworks / Australia / Melbourne / Perth / Brabham / Gold Coast / Upper Merri / Fishermans Bend / Currumbin Ecovillage
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050532)
(5.26 MB)
Urbanisation, population growth and climate change, among other challenges, have put pressure on urban infrastructure systems, prompting a shift from large-scale centralised infrastructure to localised nature-based solutions. Mainstreaming nature-based solutions requires a change in the planning and governance systems, and mediating new relationships and configurations between different actors through collaborative governance. Yet, limited guidance exists on how to design collaborative governance for delivering nature-based solutions. This has led to collaboration processes that are established on an ad-hoc basis, relying on the experiences, skills and viewpoints of their champions to endure. This paper synthesises and extends a suite of theoretical frameworks with the practice-based knowledge of urban practitioners across Australia (n = 42), to develop a framework for designing collaborative governance. The framework offers key principles and considerations for designing collaborations on nature-based solutions. It emphasises upfront planning that carefully considers the desired outcomes (the ‘why’), assesses the operating environment/context (the ‘what’), engages the right actors at the required level of influence (the ‘who’), and uses fit-for-purpose structures and process for interaction (the ‘how’). The framework also highlights that all those elements need to be considered with the intended level of impact in mind. To illustrate the application of our framework, we will use empirical examples from major urban development programs across Australia that have adopted water sensitive urban design (as part of the broader family of nature-based solutions) through cross-sectoral collaborations.
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