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1 Dillon, P.; Page, D.; Vanderzalm, J.; Pavelic, P.; Toze, S.; Bekele, E.; Sidhu, J.; Prommer, H.; Higginson, S.; Regel, R.; Rinck-Pfeiffer, S.; Purdie, M.; Pitman, C.; Wintgens, T.. 2008. A critical evaluation of combined engineered and aquifer treatment systems in water recycling. Water Science and Technology, 57(5):753-762. [doi: https://doi.org/ 10.2166/wst.2008.168]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042562)
(0.16 MB)
Australian experience at five research sites where stormwater and reclaimed water have been stored in aquifers prior to reuse, have yielded valuable information about water treatment processes in anaerobic and aerobic aquifers. One of these sites is the stormwater to potable water ASTR project at the City of Salisbury, a demonstration project within the broader EC project 'RECLAIM WATER'. A framework for characterising the effectiveness of such treatment for selected organic chemicals, natural organic matter, and pathogens is being developed for inclusion in new Australian Guidelines for Management of Aquifer Recharge. The combination of pre-treatments (including passive systems such as reed beds) and aquifer treatment effectiveness in relation to source waters and intended uses of recovered water will be described. Advantages and disadvantages of various types of pre-treatments in relation to effectiveness and sustainability of managed aquifer recharge will be discussed taking account of aquifer characteristics. These observations will be consolidated into a draft set of principles to assist in selection of engineered treatments compatible with passive treatment in aquifers.
2 Gross,T.; Breitenmoser, L.; Kumar, S.; Ehrensperger, A.; Wintgens, T.; Hugi, C. 2021. Anaerobic digestion of biowaste in Indian municipalities: effects on energy, fertilizers, water and the local environment. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 170:105569. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105569]
Waste management ; Urban wastes ; Biowaste ; Biogas ; Anaerobic treatment ; Renewable energy ; Fertilizers ; Water resources ; Environmental pollution ; Emission ; Sustainable agriculture ; Villages ; Towns ; Households ; Public health / India / Maharashtra / Deolapar / Pachgaon / Badlapur / Ambarnath / Nagpur / Thane
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050404)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921344921001762/pdfft?md5=bb0d9c8fdab0096a134a7860bf08227f&pid=1-s2.0-S0921344921001762-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050404.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050404.pdf
(3.55 MB) (3.55 MB)
Anaerobic digestion (AD) of biowaste seems promising to provide renewable energy (biogas) and organic fertilizers (digestate) and mitigate environmental pollution in India. Intersectoral analyses of biowaste management in municipalities are needed to reveal benefits and trade-offs of AD at the implementation-level. Therefore, we applied material flow analyses (MFAs) to quantify effects of potential AD treatment of biowaste on energy and fertilizer supply, water consumption and environmental pollution in two villages, two towns and two cities in Maharashtra. Results show that in villages AD of available manure and crop residues can cover over half of the energy consumption for cooking (EC) and reduce firewood dependency. In towns and cities, AD of municipal biowaste is more relevant for organic fertilizer supply and pollution control because digestate can provide up to several times the nutrient requirements for crop production, but can harm ecosystems when discharged to the environment. Hence, in addition to energy from municipal biowaste - which can supply 4-6% of EC - digestate valorisation seems vital but requires appropriate post-treatment, quality control and trust building with farmers. To minimize trade-offs, water-saving options should be considered because 2-20% of current groundwater abstraction in municipalities is required to treat all available biowaste with 'wet' AD systems compared to <3% with 'dry' AD systems. We conclude that biowaste management with AD requires contextualized solutions in the setting of energy, fertilizers and water at the implementation-level to conceive valorization strategies for all AD products, reduce environmental pollution and minimize trade-offs with water resources.
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