Your search found 18 records
1 Trout, T. J.. 1979. Factors affecting losses from Indus basin Irrigation channels. Fort Collins, CO, USA: Colorado State University. xxi, 201 p. (Water management technical report no. 50)
Flumes ; Flow ; Watercourses ; Design ; Water loss ; Water conveyance ; Tertiary level irrigation / Pakistan
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.1 G730 TRO Record No: H0330)
Tertiary irrigation conveyance systems (watercourses) in the Indus Basin lose 30 to 50 percent of their flow. Watercourse systems were studied in depth by ponding and inflow-outflow methods to determine functional relationships between several measurable parameters and the loss rates. The objective was to determine simple design changes that are low cost and can lead to increased conveyance efficiencies in the eastern channels. Statistical analysis of the collected data indicated that: 1. Watercourse loss rates (lps/100m) increase with, but slightly less than proportional to, the usual flow rate in the channel; 2. Loss rates are lower in more often used channels; 3. Loss rates are higher in elevated channels; 4. Loss rates are very sensitive to changes in flow depths, and thus increase with upward fluctuations in flow rates or roughness coefficients; and 5. Intake rates into upper bank soils are very high and are apparently caused by extensive rodent and insect burrows inside the banks.
2 Trout, T. J.. 1982. Diagnostic problems with irrigation conveyance channels. Fort Collins, CO, USA: Colorado State University. ii, 84 p. (Videotape guide no. 1)
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.6.2 G730 TRO Record No: H0353)
3 Kemper, W. D.; Clyma, W.; Skogerboe, G. V.; Trout, T. J.. 1980. Watercourse improvement research in Pakistan. Fort Collins, CO, USA: Colorado State University. xiii, 93p. (Water management technical report no.56)
Watercourses ; Farmer participation ; Tube well irrigation ; Design ; Research ; Investment ; Water loss / Pakistan
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.7 G730 KEM Record No: H0336)
This research program was funded by USAID, organized by CSU and sent out to identify good investments for developing countries in water management. Loss of almost half of the water from watercourses was identified as a primary waste of irrigation water which is a limiting factor in crop production in Pakistan. Physical causes of the loss were identified as high porosity of upper portions of the banks due to burrowing of soil for weekly construction of dams, and rising levels of water in the watercourse due to vegetative growth and sedimentation. Difficulty in organizing farmers to accomplish regular cleaning and repair was identified as an underlying sociologic cause of the loss. Experimental masonry and concrete watercourses were built by the government and given to the farmers. They were too expensive to provide a nationwide solution. The farmers did not appreciate and maintain them because they had no investment therein. Other lined watercourses on which the government paid for materials and the farmers provided labor were better appreciated and maintained, but took longer to build and still required large amounts of cement and were too costly for a national program. Cooperative improvement of the earthen channels by the farmers with the government providing the materials and design for concrete control structures at the junctions was developed as a program which had a benefit:cost ratio of at least 3 to 1 and was eagerly accepted by the farmers in a study which involved a series of case histories. Subsequent studies indicated that a good and regular cleaning and repair program would save almost as much water and provide higher benefits with much lower government input. However, the watercourse improvement plan with its concrete control structures was more eagerly accepted by the farmers. Full benefits of the improvement were obtained only by those farmers who organized themselves to clean and maintain their watercourses regularly.
4 Trout, T. J.; Kemper, W. D. 1980. Watercourse improvement manual. Fort Collins, CO, USA: Colorado State University. xxii, 244p. (Water management technical report no.58)
Evaluation ; Water loss ; Silt ; Design ; Irrigation efficiency ; Watercourses ; Rehabilitation / Pakistan
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.8 G730 TRO Record No: H0344)
The manual assists both national and donor agency planners to determine the need for and carry out a program to improve the tertiary irrigation conveyance systems. Topics covered include evaluating and diagnosing problems in the present channel systems, proposing and testing solutions to the diagnosed problems, combining the solution techniques into improvement strategies, evaluating the improvement strategies and developing the institutions necessary to carry out the improvement programs. The manual deals both with processes, which will be of primary interest to the planners; and techniques, which would be useful to the engineers, economists and sociologists.
5 Trout, T. J.; Garcia-Castillas, I. G.; Hart, W. E. 1982. Soil water engineering field and laboratory manual. Fort Collins, CO, USA: Colorado State University. vi, 193p.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.1 G000 TRO Record No: H02414)
6 Brown, M. J.; Kemper, W. D.; Trout, T. J.; Humphreys, A. S. 1988. Sediment erosion and water intake in furrows. Irrigation Science, 9(1):45-55.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H03684)
7 Trout, T. J.; Mackey, B. E. 1988. Furrow flow measurement accuracy. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 114(2):244-255.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H04394)
8 Trout, T. J.; Mackey, B. E. 1988. Inflow-outflow infiltration measurement accuracy. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 114(2):256-265.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H04395)
9 Kemper, W. D.; Trout, T. J.; Kincaid, D. C. 1987. Cabelgation: Automated supply for surface irrigation. In Hillel, D. (Ed.), Advances in irrigation. Vol.4. Orlando, FL, USA: Academic Press. pp.1-66.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7 G000 HIL Record No: H05918)
10 Trout, T. J.. 1990. Furrow inflow and infiltration variability impacts on irrigation management. Transactions of the ASAE, 33(4):1171- 1778.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 2000 Record No: H08707)
11 Trout, T. J.. 1992. Furrow flow velocity effect on hydraulic roughness. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 118(6):981-987.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H011711)
12 Koluvek, P. K.; Tanji, K. K.; Trout, T. J.. 1993. Overview of soil erosion from irrigation. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 119(6):929-946.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H013669)
Of the 15,000,000 ha (37,000,000 acres) of irrigated land in the U.S., 21% is affected by soil erosion to some extent. Irrigation-induced soil erosion has been studied, primarily in the Northwestern United States, since 1940. A number of studies have measured annual sediment yields from furrow-irrigated fields exceeding 20 t/ha (9 tons/acre) with some fields exceeding 100 t/ha (45 tons/acre). Under the center-pivot sprinkler method, sediment yields as high as 33 t/ha (15 tons/acre) have been measured. Annual sediment yields as high as 4.5 t/ha (2 tons/acre) were measured from irrigation tracts. Erosion is seldom excessive on slopes less than 1% and is often excessive on slopes greater than 2%. Erosion reduces the agricultural productivity of the fields and causes off-farm damages. In southern Idaho, crop yield potential has been reduced by 25% due to 80 years of irrigation-induced erosion. Some irrigation districts spend more than $50,000 annually to remove sediment from drains. Sediment in irrigation return flows causes major water-quality degradation problems in several rivers in the Western US.
13 Trout, T. J.; Neibling, W. H. 1993. Erosion and sedimentation processes on irrigated fields. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 119(6):947-963.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H013670)
Soil erosion is sometimes excessive during furrow irrigation and under center pivot sprinkler systems. An understanding of erosion processes is required to predict and develop management practices to reduce irrigation induced erosion. Little erosion process research has been carried out under irrigation, but much of the extensive channel sediment transport and rainfall-induced erosion process research can be adapted to irrigated conditions. Soil erosion occurs when fluid in motion detaches and transports soil particles. Sedimentation occurs when the fluid transport capacity decreases to less than the sediment load. Hydraulic forces of moving water and soil factors such as aggregate stability and particle size determine erosion and sedimentation. Under furrow irrigation, the shear of the overland flow against the soil provides the detachment force and is a primary factor determining channel transport capacity. With sprinkler irrigation, water drop energy detaches particles, some of which may be transported downslope by shallow interrill flow if the water application rate exceeds the soil infiltration rate.
14 Trout, T. J.; Sojka, R. E.; Okafor, L. I. 1990. Soil management. In Hoffman, G. J.; Howell, T. A.; Solomon, K. H. (Eds.), Management of farm irrigation systems. St. Joseph, MI, USA: ASAE. pp.873-896.
Soil management ; Infiltration ; Sprinkler irrigation ; Soil texture ; Soil temperature ; Erosion ; Crop production / USA
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.8 G000 HOF Record No: H018324)
15 Trout, T. J.. 1996. Furrow irrigation erosion and sedimentation: On-field distribution. Transactions of the ASAE, 39(5):1717-1723.
Furrow irrigation ; Soil management ; Erosion ; Assessment ; Sedimentation ; Measurement ; Crop yield ; Field tests / USA / Washington / Idaho / Wyoming / Utah
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 4489 Record No: H020472)
16 Trout, T. J.; Lentz, R. D. 1993. Polyacrylamide decreases furrow erosion. In Allen, R. G.; Neale, C. M. U. (Eds.), Management of irrigation and drainage systems: Integrated perspectives. Proceedings of the 1993 National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Park City, Utah, July 21- 23, 1993. New York, NY, USA: ASCE. pp.191-197.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 4923 Record No: H022919)
17 Ayars, J. E.; Johnson, R. S.; Phene, C. J.; Trout, T. J.; Clark, D. A.; Mead, R. M. 2003. Water use by drip-irrigated late-season peaches. Irrigation Science, 22(3-4):187-194.
Drip irrigation ; Crop production ; Water use ; Measurement ; Lysimetry ; Evapotranspiration ; Irrigation scheduling / USA / California
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H033554)
18 Trout, T. J.. 2000. Environmental effects of irrigated agriculture. Acta Horticulture, 537(2):605-610.
Irrigated farming ; Environmental effects ; Erosion ; Water quality ; Leaching ; Water pollution ; Surface runoff ; Salinity ; Soil degradation
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 7161 Record No: H036342)
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