Your search found 26 records
1 Hughes, D. A.; Smakhtin, V.. 1996. Daily flow time series patching or extension: A spatial interpolation approach based on flow duration curves. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 41(6):851-871.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 5888 Record No: H028968)
2 Hughes, D. A.; Keeffe, J. O.; Smakhtin, V.; King, J. 1997. Development of an operating rule model to simulate time series of reservoir releases for instream flow requirements. Water SA, 23(1):21-30.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 5889 Record No: H028969)
(1.22 MB)
3 Smakhtin, V.. 2002. Environmental water needs and impacts of irrigated agriculture in river basins: A framework for a new research program. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) vi, 20p. (IWMI Working Paper 042) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.170]
Water resource management ; Water conservation ; Irrigated farming ; River basins ; Environmental effects ; Ecosystems ; Water requirements ; Water allocation ; Catchment areas ; Lagoons ; Wetlands
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G000 SMA Record No: H029686)
(772 KB)
4 Stanzel, P.; Öze, A.; Smakhtin, V.; Boelee, E.; Droogers, P. 2002. Simulating impacts of irrigation on the hydrology of the Karagan Lagoon in Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) vii, 54p. (IWMI Working Paper 044) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.174]
Lagoons ; Hydrology ; Irrigation effects ; Simulation models ; Sensitivity analysis ; Irrigation programs ; Catchment areas ; Tanks ; Runoff ; Precipitation ; Evaporation ; Seepage ; Climate ; Evapotranspiration ; Paddy fields / Sri Lanka / Karagan Lagoon / Uda Walawe
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.1 G744 STA Record No: H030204)
(772 KB)
The extension of the Uda Walawe irrigation scheme in southern Sri Lanka may have a significant ecological impact on the development area and its downstream wetlands. The evaluation of this impact is the subject for a long-term study that is presently being carried out by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). In this study, the pre- development environmental conditions in the area are being investigated and the changes caused by the new irrigation system will be monitored in the future. Part of this study is a hydrological assessment of the coastal lagoon (Karagan Lewaya) and its small catchment to the south of the evelopment area. The lagoon is likely to receive high quantities of drainage flows from the future scheme. This could deteriorate its water quality and hence affect the suitability of the lagoon as a habitat for migratory birds and might lead to flooding of adjacent settlements.
5 Dugan, P. J.; Baran, E.; Tharme, R.; Prein, M.; Ahmed, R.; Amerasinghe, P.; Bueno, P.; Brown, C.; Dey, M.; Jayasinghe, G.; Niasse, M.; Nieland, A.; Smakhtin, V.; Tinh, N.; Viswanathan, K.; Welcomme, R. 2002. The contribution of aquatic ecosystems and fisheries to food security and livelihoods: a research agenda. Challenge Program on Water and Food background paper 3. In CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. Challenge Program on Water and Food: background papers to the full proposal. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. pp.85-113.
Ecosystems ; Fisheries ; rivers ; Food security ; Living conditions ; Agricultural research ; Research projects ; Policy ; Water requirements ; Productivity ; Farming systems ; Environmental effects
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 CGI Record No: H031289)
(1.58 MB)
6 Molden, D.; Turral, H.; Amerasinghe, F.; Sharma, B. R.; Hatibu, N.; Drechsel, P.; van Koppen, B.; Wester, F.; Tharme, R.; Raschid-Sally, L.; Samad, M.; Murray-Rust, H.; Shah, T.; Acreman, M.; Smakhtin, V.; Peden, D.; Burton, M.; Albergel, J.; Meinzen-Dick, R.; Dunkhorst, B.; Merrey, D.; Mustafa, M.; Brown, D.; Dalton, J.; Flugel, W.; Gichuki, F.; Harrington, L.; Moustafa, M.; Samarasinghe, S. A. P.; Wallender, W.; Mohammed, A. 2002. Integrating research in water, food and environment. Challenge Program on Water and Food background paper 4. In CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. Challenge Program on Water and Food: background papers to the full proposal. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. pp.115-160.
Agricultural research ; Water management ; River basins ; Catchment areas ; Poverty ; Ecosystems ; Water rights ; Groundwater management ; Rain-fed farming ; Water use
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 CGI Record No: H031290)
(2.41 MB)
7 Smakhtin, V.; Ashton, P.; Batchelor, A.; Meyer, R.; Murray, E.; Barta, B.; Bauer, N.; Naidoo, D.; Olivier, J.; Terblanche, D. 2001. Unconventional water supply options in South Africa: a review of possible solutions. Water International, 26(3):314-334.
Water supply ; Water scarcity ; Water deficit ; Water storage ; Surface water ; Water reuse ; Water harvesting ; Reservoirs ; International waters ; Virtual water ; Groundwater ; Artificial recharge / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044313)
(2.67 MB)
South Africa faces escalating freshwater problems and will experience prolonged water deficits within the next 25 to 30 years if current patterns ofwater use continue unchanged. The level of conventional water resources utilization in the country is very high and new approaches are necessary to stretch the limited water supplies available to meet projected demands for water. Significant research into new technologies and sources of supply has been carried out in South Africa and abroad during the past few decades. This has resulted in the development and evaluation of a number ofinnovative concepts and methodologies, as well as novel adaptations to existing approaches. These concepts and methodologies include: integration of surface water transfers into a national water grid, transfers of untapped surface water resources from countries located to the north of South Africa, exploitation of deep groundwater and the use of aquifers for storage of surplus water, atmospheric water (jog and cloud) harvesting, iceberg water utilization, desalination and direct use of sea water. Some of these options are still theoretical and unproven, while others have reached different stages of practical testing and implementation. Information on these alternatives for water supply is widely scattered over many different sources. This paper reviews the available information and examines some ofthese unconventional sources and options for future water supply in terms of their technical aspects, potential applications, likely impacts, approximate costs, and regional relevance in terms of alleviating predicted water shortages.
8 Amarnath, Giriraj; Alahacoon, Niranga; Smakhtin, V.; Aggarwal, P. 2017. Mapping multiple climate-related hazards in South Asia. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 41p. (IWMI Research Report 170) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2017.207]
Climate change adaptation ; Natural disasters ; Weather hazards ; Mapping ; Flooding ; Drought ; Rain ; Erosion ; Temperature ; Sea level ; Water levels ; Coastal area ; Sloping land ; Tsunamis ; Agriculture ; Impact assessment ; Population ; Risk management ; Socioeconomic environment ; Land cover / South Asia / India / Bangladesh / Sri Lanka / Pakistan / Nepal / Bhutan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048140)
(6.07 MB)
This Research Report presents the first comprehensive overview of the multiple climate hazard risks, and the proposed key issues and challenges facing the South Asian region. This report suggests methods for mapping such risks and estimating their impacts on people and agriculture in South Asia. Regional, country-wise and sub-national assessment of five climate-related risks – floods, droughts, extreme rainfall, extreme temperature and sea-level rise – is carried out. The approach involves overlaying climate hazard, sensitivity and adaptive capacity maps, and follows the vulnerability assessment framework of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). A combined index based on hazard, exposure and adaptive capacity is introduced to identify areas susceptible to extreme risk. There is a lack of a systematic and comprehensive risk assessment capturing multiple climate hazards for the entire South Asian region and the need for a common framework for risk assessment. While this approach is well grounded in theories and integration of various spatial data including remote sensing data to derive hazard information, there is a clear need for linking additional elements from the ground at a finer scale among various sectors in developing comprehensive risk assessment information for a disaster risk management plan and promoting risk financing strategies.
9 Eriyagama, Nishadi; Thilakarathne, M.; Tharuka, P.; Munaweera, Tharindu; Muthuwatta, Lal; Smakhtin, V.; Premachandra, Wickrama Waththage; Pindeniya, Dhammi; Wijayarathne, N. S.; Udamulla, L. 2017. Actual and perceived causes of flood risk: climate versus anthropogenic effects in a wet zone catchment in Sri Lanka. Water International, 42(7):874-892. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2017.1373321]
Climate change ; Catchment areas ; Flooding ; Anthropogenic factors ; Environmental impact ; Land use ; Urbanization ; Precipitation ; Households ; Satellite imagery ; Paddy fields / Sri Lanka / Kalu Ganga Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048297)
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02508060.2017.1373321?needAccess=true
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048297.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048297.pdf
(2.51 MB)
The Kalu Ganga Basin in Sri Lanka is generally flooded once a year. A network of low-lying lands acts as natural retention and storage that captures floodwater, minimizing damage. An increase in the flood frequency has been observed in recent years. It is commonly perceived that this increase is caused by a rise in the frequency and severity of ‘very wet’ precipitation events. We conclude that land-use changes may have played a larger role in generating floods.
10 Amarnath, Giriraj; Yoshimoto, Shuhei; Goto, O.; Fujihara, M.; Smakhtin, V.; Aggarwal, P.; Ravan, S. 2017. Global trends in water-related disasters using publicly available database for hazard and risk assessment. In Japan Rainwater Catchment Systems Association (Ed). Proceedings of the 24th Japan Rainwater Catchment Systems Association Annual Congress, Kyoto, Japan, 29-30 October 2016. Kyoto, Japan: Japan Rainwater Catchment Systems Association. pp.79-82.
Waterborne diseases ; Risk assessment ; Health hazards ; Flooding ; Agricultural production ; Databases ; Economic aspects ; Socioeconomic environment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048407)
(832 MB)
11 Eriyagama, Nishadi; Smakhtin, V.; Udamulla, L. 2018. Centralized versus distributed reservoirs: an investigation of their implications on environmental flows and sustainable water resources management. Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 378:43-47. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-379-43-2018]
Reservoir operation ; Environmental flows ; Environmental sustainability ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water storage ; Water supply ; Surface water ; Rain ; Ecosystem services ; Stream flow ; River basins / Sri Lanka / Malwatu Oya Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048844)
https://www.proc-iahs.net/379/43/2018/piahs-379-43-2018.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048844.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048844.pdf
(2.07 MB)
Storage of surface water is widely regarded as a form of insurance against rainfall variability. However, creation of surface storage often endanger the functions of natural ecosystems, and, in turn, ecosystem services that bene t humans. The issues of optimal size, placement and the number of reservoirs in a river basin – which maximizes sustainable bene ts from storage – remain subjects for debate. This study examines the above issues through the analysis of a range of reservoir con gurations in the Malwatu Oya river basin in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. The study produced multiple surface storage development pathways for the basin under different scenarios of environmental ow (EF) releases and reservoir network con gurations. The EF scenarios ranged from “zero” to “very healthy” releases. It is shown that if the “middle ground” between the two extreme EF scenarios is considered, the theoretical maximum “safe” yield from surface storage is about 65–70% of the mean annual runoff (MAR) of the basin. It is also identi ed that although distribution of reservoirs in the river network reduces the cumulative yield from the basin, this cumulative yield is maximized if the ratio among the storage capacities placed in each sub drainage basin is equivalent to the ratio among their MAR. The study suggests a framework to identify drainage regions having higher surface storage potential, to plan for the right distribution of storage capacity within a river basin, as well as to plan for EF allocations.
12 Smakhtin, V.; Nagabhatla, N.; Qadir, M.; Guppy, L.; Burek, P.; Villholth, Karen; McCartney, Matthew; Pavelic, Paul; Tsegai, D.; Fedotova, T.; Teruggi, G. 2018. NBS [Nature-based solutions] for managing water-related risk, variability and change. In WWAP (United Nations World Water Assessment Programme); UN-Water. The United Nations World Water Development Report 2018: nature-based solutions for water. Paris, France: UNESCO. pp.64-78.
Natural resources ; Sustainable development ; Water management ; Water resources ; Water storage ; Climate change ; Drought ; Flooding ; Flood control ; Ecosystem services ; Risk management ; Catchment areas
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048854)
(31.02 MB)
13 Amarnath, Giriraj; Simons, G. W. H.; Alahacoon, Niranga; Smakhtin, V.; Sharma, Bharat; Gismalla, Y.; Mohammed, Y.; Andrie, M. C. M. 2018. Using smart ICT to provide weather and water information to smallholders in Africa: the case of the Gash River Basin, Sudan. Climate Risk Management, 22:52-66. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2018.10.001]
Irrigation methods ; Flood irrigation ; Flooded land ; Remote sensing ; Geographical information systems ; Weather forecasting ; Weather data ; Smallholders ; River basins ; Information and Communication Technologies (icts) ; Crop production ; Crop yield ; Monitoring ; Water use ; Biomass ; Farmers ; Rain ; Case studies / Africa / Sudan / Gash River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048976)
In the Gash Delta of Eastern Sudan, spate irrigation (flood-recession farming) contributes substantially to rural livelihoods by providing better yields than rainfed dryland farming. However, spate irrigation farmers are challenged by the unpredictability of flooding. In recent decades, the number of farmers practicing spate irrigation has decreased, due to varying rainfall intensity and frequency, insufficient infrastructure and farmers’ limited capacity to manage such variations. One solution that may help farmers face such challenges is for them to access real-time water-related information by using smart Information and Communication a Technology (ICT). This paper shows how integrating remote sensing, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), flood-forecasting models and communication platforms can, in near real time, alert smallholder farmers and relevant government departments about incoming floods, using the Gash basin of Sudan as an example. The Ministry of Water Resources of Sudan used the findings of this study to transform farmers’ responses to flood arrival from being ‘reactive’, to planning for the flood event. Intensive on-site and institutional efforts to build the capacity of farmers, farmer organizations, development departments and officers of the Ministry helped to develop the initiative from simply sending ‘emergency alerts’ to enabling stakeholders to visually see the flood event unfolding in the region and to plan accordingly for storing water, operating spate-irrigation systems and undertaking cropping activities. The research, initially conducted on a 60 × 60 km site, was later extended to the entire Gash basin. The paper outlines how to develop tools that can monitor plot-specific information from satellite measurements, and supply detailed and specific information on crops, rather than providing very general statements on crop growth. Farmers are able to use such tools to optimize their farm profits by providing water to their crops in the right place, at the right time and in the right quantity. Finally, the work demonstrates the high potential of combining technology, namely remote sensing data and simple a agro-meteorological model with limited parameters, for large-scale monitoring of spate irrigation systems and information sharing to advise farmers as to how to apply this information to their managerial decisions.
14 Guppy, L.; Uyttendaele, P.; Villholth, Karen G.; Smakhtin, V.. 2018. Groundwater and sustainable development goals: analysis of interlinkages. Hamilton, Canada: United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU-INWEH) 26p. (UNU-INWEH Report Series 4)
Sustainable Development Goals ; Groundwater management ; Water use ; Water quality ; Water resources ; Poverty ; Agriculture ; Irrigation efficiency ; Irrigation water ; Food production ; Climate change ; Ecosystems ; Drinking water ; Sanitation
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049043)
http://inweh.unu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Groundwater-and-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Analysis-of-Interlinkages.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049043.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049043.pdf
(3.43 MB)
15 Dickens, Chris; Smakhtin, V.; McCartney, Matthew; O’Brien, G.; Dahir, L. 2019. Defining and quantifying national-level targets, indicators and benchmarks for management of natural resources to achieve the sustainable development goals. Sustainability, 11(2): 1-15. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020462]
Natural resources management ; Resource conservation ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Water resources ; Water quality ; Stakeholders ; Environmental monitoring ; Indicators ; Strategies
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049054)
(352 KB)
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), are high on the agenda for most countries of the world. In its publication of the SDGs, the UN has provided the goals and target descriptions that, if implemented at a country level, would lead towards a sustainable future. The IAEG (InterAgency Expert Group of the SDGs) was tasked with disseminating indicators and methods to countries that can be used to gather data describing the global progress towards sustainability. However, 2030 Agenda leaves it to countries to adopt the targets with each government setting its own national targets guided by the global level of ambition but taking into account national circumstances. At present, guidance on how to go about this is scant but it is clear that the responsibility is with countries to implement and that it is actions at a country level that will determine the success of the SDGs. Reporting on SDGs by country takes on two forms: i) global reporting using prescribed indicator methods and data; ii) National Voluntary Reviews where a country reports on its own progress in more detail but is also able to present data that are more appropriate for the country. For the latter, countries need to be able to adapt the global indicators to fit national priorities and context, thus the global description of an indicator could be reduced to describe only what is relevant to the country. Countries may also, for the National Voluntary Review, use indicators that are unique to the country but nevertheless contribute to measurement of progress towards the global SDG target. Importantly, for those indicators that relate to the security of natural resources security (e.g., water) indicators, there are no prescribed numerical targets/standards or benchmarks. Rather countries will need to set their own benchmarks or standards against which performance can be evaluated. This paper presents a procedure that would enable a country to describe national targets with associated benchmarks that are appropriate for the country. The procedure builds on precedent set in other countries but in particular on a procedure developed for the setting of Resource Quality Objectives in South Africa. The procedure focusses on those SDG targets that are natural resource-security focused, for example, extent of water-related ecosystems (6.6), desertification (15.3) and so forth, because the selection of indicator methods and benchmarks is based on the location of natural resources, their use and present state and how they fit into national strategies.
16 Dickens, Chris; Smakhtin, V.; Biancalani, R.; Villholth, Karen G.; Eriyagama, Nishadi; Marinelli, M. 2019. Incorporating environmental flows into "water stress" indicator 6.4.2: guidelines for a minimum standard method for global reporting. Rome, Italy: FAO. 32p.
Environmental flows ; Environmental management ; Water stress ; Water resources development ; Water management ; Guidelines ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Ecological factors ; Indicators ; Information systems ; Groundwater extraction
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049067)
17 Djumaboev, Kakhramon; Anarbekov, Oyture; Holmatov, B.; Hamidov, A.; Gafurov, Zafar; Murzaeva, Makhliyo; Susnik, J.; Maskey, S.; Mehmood, H.; Smakhtin, V.. 2020. Surface water resources. In Xenarios, S.; Schmidt-Vogt, D.; Qadir, M.; Janusz-Pawletta, B.; Abdullaev, I. (Eds.). The Aral Sea Basin: water for sustainable development in Central Asia. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.25-38. (Earthscan Series on Major River Basins of the World)
Water resources development ; Surface water ; Hydrometeorology ; Observation ; Climate change ; Anthropogenic factors ; Water use ; Irrigated farming ; Infrastructure ; Temperature ; Precipitation ; Rivers ; Flow discharge ; Riparian zones / Central Asia / Uzbekistan / Tajikistan / Kyrgyzstan / Kazakhstan / Turkmenistan / Aral Sea Basin / Amu Darya River / Syr Darya River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049380)
(5.84 MB)
18 Perera, D.; Smakhtin, V.; Pischke, F.; Ohara, M.; Findikakis, A.; Werner, M.; Amarnath, Giriraj; Koeppel, S.; Plotnykova, H.; Hulsmann, S.; Caponi, C. 2020. Water-related extremes and risk management. In UNESCO World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP); UN-Water. The United Nations World Water Development Report 2020: water and climate change. Paris, France: UNESCO. pp.58-67.
Extreme weather events ; Disaster risk management ; Climate change adaptation ; Disaster risk reduction ; Weather hazards ; Drought ; Flooding ; Resilience ; Water management ; Weather forecasting ; Early warning systems ; Insurance ; Planning ; Assessment ; Monitoring
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049602)
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/in/documentViewer.xhtml?v=2.1.196&id=p::usmarcdef_0000372985&file=/in/rest/annotationSVC/DownloadWatermarkedAttachment/attach_import_c5b09e0b-0c7e-42ef-aeb1-b1bae7544e4c%3F_%3D372985eng.pdf&locale=en&multi=true&ark=/ark:/48223/pf0000372985/PDF/372985eng.pdf#page=71
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049602.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049602.pdf
(3.17 MB) (37.7 MB)
This chapter focuses on the linkages between climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction, highlighting opportunities to build more resilient systems through a combination of 'hard' and 'soft' measures.
19 Smakhtin, V.; Perera, D.; Qadir, M.; Aureli, A.; Carvalho-Resende, T.; Dhot, N.; Findikakis, A.; Villholth, Karen G.; Gurdak, J. J.; Zandaryaa, S.; Hulsmann, S.; Medlicott, K.; Connor, R.; Timmerman, J. 2020. Water availability, infrastructure and ecosystems. In UNESCO World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP); UN-Water. The United Nations World Water Development Report 2020: water and climate change. Paris, France: UNESCO. pp.46-57.
Water availability ; Infrastructure ; Ecosystems ; Climate change adaptation ; Water management ; Climate change mitigation ; Water resources ; Groundwater ; Resilience ; Water storage ; Water scarcity ; Water security ; Water supply ; Water reuse ; Wastewater treatment ; Sanitation ; Coastal area ; Wetlands ; Aquifers
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049601)
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/in/documentViewer.xhtml?v=2.1.196&id=p::usmarcdef_0000372985&file=/in/rest/annotationSVC/DownloadWatermarkedAttachment/attach_import_c5b09e0b-0c7e-42ef-aeb1-b1bae7544e4c%3F_%3D372985eng.pdf&locale=en&multi=true&ark=/ark:/48223/pf0000372985/PDF/372985eng.pdf#page=59
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049601.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049601.pdf
(2.21 MB) (37.7 MB)
This chapter establishes linkages between climate change and various aspects of water management. Adaptation and resilience-building options are presented with respect to water storage – including groundwater – and water supply and sanitation infrastructure, and unconventional water supply options are described. Mitigation options for water management systems are also presented.
20 Medlicott, K.; De France, J.; Villalobos-Prats, E.; Gordon, B.; Graczyk, H.; Zandaryaa, S.; Mateo-Sagasta, Javier; Hada, R.; Caucci, S.; Smakhtin, V.; Pories, L. 2020. Human health impacts related to water, sanitation and climate change. In UNESCO World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP); UN-Water. The United Nations World Water Development Report 2020: water and climate change. Paris, France: UNESCO. pp.68-77.
Public health ; Water supply ; Sanitation ; Climate change adaptation ; Health hazards ; Water quality ; Hygiene ; Infectious diseases ; Morbidity ; Mortality ; Water resources ; Wastewater ; Drinking water ; Malnutrition
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049603)
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/in/documentViewer.xhtml?v=2.1.196&id=p::usmarcdef_0000372985&file=/in/rest/annotationSVC/DownloadWatermarkedAttachment/attach_import_c5b09e0b-0c7e-42ef-aeb1-b1bae7544e4c%3F_%3D372985eng.pdf&locale=en&multi=true&ark=/ark:/48223/pf0000372985/PDF/372985eng.pdf#page=81
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049603.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049603.pdf
(1.52 MB) (37.7 MB)
This chapter focuses on the human health impacts associated with changes in water quality and quantity due to climate change. Trends in morbidity and mortality are examined in the context of health risks associated with climate change, and response options related to water supply and sanitation are presented.
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