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1 Perrone, D.; Hornberger, G. 2016. Frontiers of the food-energy-water trilemma: Sri Lanka as a microcosm of tradeoffs. Environmental Research Letters, 11(1):1-10. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/1/014005]
Water resources ; Food production ; Energy generation ; Water power ; Water use ; Water scarcity ; Agricultural production ; Rice ; Seasonal cropping ; Crop yield ; Irrigation systems ; Farmers ; Economic aspects ; Political aspects / Sri Lanka / Mahaweli River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047400)
http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/11/1/014005/pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047400.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047400.pdf
(1.35 MB) (1.35 MB)
Food, energy, and water are three critical resources for humanity. As climate variability, population growth, and lifestyle changes amplify the stress placed on each of the resources, the interrelationships among food, energy, and water systems become more pronounced. Political conflict, social and cultural norms, and spatial and temporal distribution of the resources add additional layers of complexity. It is in this context that the significance of understanding the impacts of water scarcity on the decisions around food and energy productions has emerged. Our work establishes tradeoff frontiers (TFs) as a method useful in illustrating the system-level tradeoffs between allocating water for food and water for energy. This paper illustrates how TFs can be used to (1) show how scarcity in water resources affects the tradeoffs between food and energy and (2) explore the political and social constraints that can move production away from what is feasible technically. We use Sri Lanka, a country where water resources are variable both in space and time and a country with relatively self-contained energy and agricultural sectors, as a microcosm of the food security, energy security, and water security trilemma. Nevertheless, our application of tradeoff frontiers is applicable widely to other systems.
2 Jasechko, S.; Perrone, D.. 2017. Hydraulic fracturing near domestic groundwater wells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114(50):13138-13143. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701682114]
Hydraulic fracturing ; Groundwater ; Well construction ; Domestic water ; Chemical contamination ; Natural gas ; Oils ; Drinking water ; Water quality ; Monitoring ; Risk analysis / USA
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049213)
(4.58 MB)
Hydraulic fracturing operations are generating considerable discussion about their potential to contaminate aquifers tapped by domestic groundwater wells. Groundwater wells located closer to hydraulically fractured wells are more likely to be exposed to contaminants derived from on-site spills and well-bore failures, should they occur. Nevertheless, the proximity of hydraulic fracturing operations to domestic groundwater wells is unknown. Here, we analyze the distance between domestic groundwater wells (public and self-supply) constructed between 2000 and 2014 and hydraulically fractured wells stimulated in 2014 in 14 states. We show that 37% of all recorded hydraulically fractured wells stimulated during 2014 exist within 2 km of at least one recently constructed (2000–2014) domestic groundwater well. Furthermore, we identify 11 counties where most (>50%) recorded domestic groundwater wells exist within 2 km of one or more hydraulically fractured wells stimulated during 2014. Our findings suggest that understanding how frequently hydraulic fracturing operations impact groundwater quality is of widespread importance to drinking water safety in many areas where hydraulic fracturing is common. We also identify 236 counties where most recorded domestic groundwater wells exist within 2 km of one or more recorded oil and gas wells producing during 2014. Our analysis identifies hotspots where both conventional and unconventional oil and gas wells frequently exist near recorded domestic groundwater wells that may be targeted for further water-quality monitoring.
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