Your search found 5 records
1 Islam, Z.; Karim, A. 1992. Water, sanitation and hygiene in rural Bangladesh. Journal of Irrigation Engineering and Rural Planning, 23:57-69.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H011330)
(0.86 MB)
2 Islam, Z.; Gan, T. Y. 2015. Potential combined hydrologic impacts of climate change and El Nino Southern Oscillation to South Saskatchewan River Basin. Journal of Hydrology, 523:34-48. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.01.043]
Climate change ; El Nino-Southern Oscillation ; Hydrological factors ; Stream flow ; Runoff ; Forecasting ; Models ; River basins ; Precipitation ; Temperature / Canada / Alberta / South Saskatchewan River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047439)
(1.52 MB)
A physically based land surface scheme, the Modified Interaction Soil Biosphere Atmosphere (MISBA) of Kerkhoven and Gan (2006) was used to assess the future streamflow of the South Saskatchewan River Basin (SSRB) of Alberta under the combined impacts of climate change and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Potential impacts of climate change on the streamflows of 15 sub-basins of the SSRB for the 2010–2039 (2020s), 2040–2069 (2050s) and 2070–2099 (2080s) were simulated by MISBA based on 30 years (1961–1990) of re-analysis data of the European Centre for Mid-range Weather Forecasts (ERA-40) adjusted with climate scenarios projected by four General Circulation Models (GCMs) for three Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) emissions (A1FI, A21, B21) of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Next, the combined impacts of climate change and ENSO are simulated by driving MISBA with the ERA-40 dataset re-sampled for active El Nino and La Nina episodes adjusted for climate projections of 2050s. Under SRES climate projections alone, MISBA simulated an overall decrease in streamflow for sub-basins of SSRB in 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s. While under a combined impact of climate change and ENSO, a further decrease (increase) in the streamflow of SSRB by 2050s was simulated if the climate anomaly considered was El Nino (La Nina).
3 Rahman, K. S.; Islam, Z.; Navera, U. K.; Ludwig, F. 2019. A critical review of the Ganges water sharing arrangement. Water Policy, 21(2):259-276. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.164]
International waters ; River basins ; International agreements ; Treaties ; International cooperation ; Conflicts ; Water allocation ; Stream flow ; Trends ; Rain ; Forecasting ; Dry season ; Economic aspects / India / Bangladesh / Ganges Basin / Farakka Barrage / Hardinge Bridge
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049207)
https://iwaponline.com/wp/article-pdf/21/2/259/553585/021020259.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049207.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049207.pdf
(0.64 MB) (652 KB)
The 1996 Ganges Water Sharing Treaty was an important breakthrough in solving disputes over sharing Ganges water between India and Bangladesh. This study evaluates cooperation reflected in the Treaty by performing a quantitative analysis on available water sharing data. The study recognized that inaccurate projection of future flow and the obligation of allocating guaranteed 991 m3 /s flows perpetuate the ongoing water sharing conflicts. The provision of guaranteed minimal flow alternately to India and Bangladesh during critical periods leads to frequent occurrences of low-flow events. Results indicated that the Treaty underestimated the impact of climate variability and possibly increasing upstream water abstraction. Statistical analysis of the post-Treaty data (1997–2016) also indicated that 65% of the time Bangladesh did not receive its guaranteed share during critical dry periods with high water demand. It is advised to project the reliable water availability using a combination of modelling and improved observation of river flows. In addition, the condition of minimum guaranteed share should be removed to reduce the frequency of low-flow events in future. Although our analyses show a number of weaknesses, the Treaty could still enhance the future regional cooperation if some adjustments are made to the current terms and conditions.
4 Akbar, G.; Hameed, S.; Islam, Z.. 2022. Assessing water productivity and energy use for irrigating rice in Pakistan. Irrigation and Drainage, 9p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2772]
Irrigated rice ; Water productivity ; Energy consumption ; Solar energy ; Tube wells ; Pumping ; Carbon dioxide ; Emission ; Sustainability ; Groundwater extraction / Pakistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051525)
(0.81 MB)
Overirrigation of rice crops from groundwater negatively impacts water productivity, energy use and the environment in Pakistan. Therefore, four decades (1981–2020) of data on rice crop area and production were assessed for water productivity, and alternative options for irrigation application and energy use were explored. The results show a maximum average yield of 2.42 t ha ¹ and water productivity of 0.16 kg m 3 (6211 L kg ¹) for the last decade (2011–2020), with an average decadal yield increase of 14%. The last year's rice crop during 2020 consumed 14.43 million acre-feet (MAF) of groundwater, assuming a minimum irrigation application of 1500 mm per season. The maximum equivalent energy required for pumping is approximately 386 MW for electrical and 4966 MW for diesel-driven tube wells. Diesel combustion for pumping caused 1.26 million t (467 kg ha ¹) of CO2 emissions per season. The capital cost for converting all installed capacities of electrical (2311 MW, PKR 481 billion) and diesel (16 517 MW, PKR 1909 billion) tube wells to solar energy can be recovered in less than 4 years. Improved governance and optimized site-specific solar system designs can avoid undergoing groundwater. Improving water productivity and using solar energy for irrigation indicates the prospects of improved sustainability of rice crops in Pakistan.
5 Debebe, Y.; Otterpoh, R.; Islam, Z.. 2023. Remote sensing and multi-criterion analysis for identifying suitable rainwater harvesting areas. Acta Geophysica, 71(2):855-872. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11600-022-00910-8]
Remote sensing ; Rainwater harvesting ; Water scarcity ; Soil texture ; Soil erosion ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Geographic information systems ; Vegetation ; Land cover ; Land use ; Precipitation / Ethiopia / Tigray
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051805)
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11600-022-00910-8.pdf?pdf=button
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051805.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051805.pdf
(11.90 MB) (11.9 MB)
Water scarcity and soil erosion are the main constraints small holder farmers are facing in Tigray, the northern most part of Ethiopia. Both very high and very low precipitation can cause a damage to agriculture which is the case in semi-arid regions like Tigray. While too little rainfall cannot support the growth of crops resulting in crop failure, the short but intense rainfall also causes a runoff thereby washing away essential soil nutrients. Installation of different micro/macro-catchment rainwater harvesting can address both water scarcity and soil erosion if they are properly designed prior to construction. This research was intended to develop a methodology for identifying suitable rainwater harvesting (rwh) sites by using weighted overlay analysis. It also utilizes Ahp (analytical hierarchy process) as effective multi-criterion decision-making tool in eastern Tigray at Kilte Awlaelo district on an area of 1001 km2. This method was chosen because it is simple to use, cost effective, flexible and widely adopted. Physical, hydrological, climate and socio-economic aspects were taken into account during criteria selection. The result indicated four suitability classes with 8.74% highly suitable areas (85.25 km2), 56% suitable areas (550.75 km2), 30.8% moderately suitable areas (303.2 km2) and 4.46% less suitable areas (43.87 km2). The produced rwh suitability map was also validated by both ground truth on google earth pro and a field trip to the study site. In situ and ex situ rwh including bench terraces, wells, and exclosure areas were identified during the field visit that verified the suitability model. Finally, depending on weight and scale of criteria and sub-criteria that matched to each identified suitable areas, different micro-catchment and macro-catchment techniques of water harvesting are recommended. This methodology can be utilized as decision-making tool for rwh practitioners, local and foreign organizations working on soil water conservation programmes and policy-makers during their early planning stages.
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