Your search found 5 records
1 Herrmann, L.; Weller, U.; Graef, F.; Igue, M.; Gaiser, T.; Hammel, K.; Stahr, K. 2004. Soter application for land use planning: Experiences and future applications. In Eswaran, H.; Vijarnsorn, P.; Vearasilp, T.; Padmanabhan, E. (Eds.). Innovative techniques in soil survey: Developing the foundation for a new generation of soil resource inventories and their utilization. Bangkok, Thailand: Land Development Department. pp.131-141.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.4 G000 ESW Record No: H037553)
2 Erkossa, T.; Stahr, K.; Gaiser, T.. 2004. Participatory soil quality assessment: the case of smallholder farmers in Ethiopian highlands. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 42(7):793-797. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1071/SR04021]
Soil management ; Soil quality ; Soil types ; Indicators ; Watersheds ; Highlands ; Farmers ; Crop production / Ethiopia / Gimbichu District / Caffee Doonsa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044812)
(0.28 MB)
The study was conducted at Caffee Doonsa (08°88'N, 39°08'E; 2400 m asl), a small watershed in the central highlands of Ethiopia, in order to identify farmers’ goals of soil management and the indicators they use in selecting soils for a certain function, and to categorise the soils in different quality groups with respect to the major functions. Thirty-six male farmers of different age and wealth groups participated in a Participatory Rural Appraisal technique. They listed and prioritised 12 soil functions in the area and itemised the soil quality indicators (characteristics). Based on the indicators, the soils in the watershed were classified into 3 soil quality (SQ) groups (Abolse, Kooticha, and Carii). The SQ groups have been evaluated and ranked for the major soil functions. For crop production, Abolse was graded best, followed by Kooticha and Carii, respectively. The grain and straw yield data of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) taken from the SQ groups confirmed the farmers claim, in that Abolse gave the highest grain yield (4573 kg/ha), followed by 4411 and 3657 kg/ha for Kooticha and Carii, respectively. Local insights should be included in systematic soil quality assessment, and in planning and implementation of various soil management interventions.
3 Erkossa, T.; Stahr, K.; Gaiser, T.. 2005. Effect of different methods of land preparation on runoff, soil and nutrient losses from a Vertisol in the Ethiopian highlands. Soil Use and Management, 21(2):253-259. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2005.tb00132.x]
Field preparation ; Rain ; Runoff ; Soil management ; Erosion ; Nutrients ; Highlands ; Vertisols ; Waterlogging ; Crop yield ; Tillage ; Erosion / Ethiopia / Caffee Doonsaa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044815)
(0.11 MB)
Vertisols are among the most common, high-potential soils in the central highlands of Ethiopia, where over 88% of human and 77% of the livestock population are located. Productivity from these soils is constrained by severe waterlogging due to their physical properties and intensive rainfall in summer. Traditionally, farmers plant late in the season to avoid the waterlogging, which results in harvest yields that are far below optimal. To bridge this yield gap, the broad-bed and furrow system for surface drainage has been introduced. Despite reported yields of various crops, little is known of the on-site and off-site impacts of this system. Consequently, four land preparation methods viz. (i) broad-bed and furrow (BBF), (ii) green manure (GM), (iii) the traditional system of ridge and furrow (RF) and (iv) reduced tillage (RT) were compared on standard runoff plots for 5 years (1998–2002) at Caffee Doonsaa in the central Highlands of Ethiopia. Runoff, sediment, organic carbon and nutrient (organic nitrogen and available phosphorus) losses were determined during the last two years (2001 and 2002). Over 50% of the seasonal rainfall was lost as runoff, regardless of the treatment, with significantly more of the excess water running off BBF and RT treatments in both years. The BBF system drained 67% and 54% of rainfall as runoff in 2001 and 2002, respectively, compared with 61% and 53% from the RT system during the measurement period. Although not statistically significant, the largest sediment and total nutrient losses tended to be from the BBF. The effect of the treatments on total nutrient loss and enrichment ratio was inconsistent. The nutrient concentration in the eroded sediment was greater than that of the originating surface soil but was strongly correlated. The effect of the land preparation methods was significant and varied with crops. Recommended options for best crop productivity are BBF for lentil and RT for wheat and tef.
4 Erkossa, T.; Stahr, K.; Gaiser, T.. 2006. Soil tillage and crop productivity on a Vertisol in Ethiopian highlands. Soil and Tillage Research, 85(1-2):200-211. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.01.009]
Soil management ; Tillage ; Field preparation ; Crop production ; Vertisols ; Highlands ; Furrows ; Green manures ; Agronomic characters ; Economic aspects / Ethiopia / Caffee Doonsa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044818)
(0.16 MB)
Soil quality deterioration and consequent reduced productivity characterize the Vertisols in the highlands of Ethiopia. The problem is exacerbated by lack of appropriate land preparation alternatives for the major crops in the area. A field experiment was carried out for 6 years (1998–2003) at Caffee Doonsa in the central highlands of Ethiopia to evaluate alternative land preparation methods on the performance of wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), lentil (Lens culinaries Medik L) and tef (Eragrostis tef L) grown in rotation. Four methods of land preparation (broad bed and furrow, green manure, ridge and furrow and reduced tillage) were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications on permanent plots of 22 m by 6 m. Broad bed and furrow significantly increased the grain yield of lentils by 59% (from 1029 to 1632 kg ha1) as compared to the control. On the other hand, reduced tillage resulted in the highest grain yield of wheat (1862 kg ha1) and tef (1378 kg ha1) as compared to 1698 kg ha1 of wheat and 1274 kg ha1 of tef for the control although the increase was not statistically significant. A gross margin analysis showed that BBF is the most profitable option for lentil with 65% increase in total gross margin. On the other hand, RT resulted in 11 and 8% increase in gross margin of wheat and tef, respectively as compared to the control. Based on the agronomic and economic performances best combinations of crop and land preparation method were: lentil sown on broad bed and furrow, and wheat and tef sown after reduced tillage.
5 Constantin, J.; Raynal, H.; Casellas, E.; Hoffmann, H.; Bindi, M.; Doro, L.; Eckersten, H.; Gaiser, T.; Grosz, B.; Haas, E.; Kersebaum, K.-C.; Klatt, S.; Kuhnert, M.; Lewan, E.; Maharjan, G. R.; Moriondo, M.; Nendel, C.; Roggero, P. P.; Specka, X.; Trombi, G.; Villa, A.; Wang, E.; Weihermuller, L.; Yeluripati, J.; Zhao, Z.; Ewert, F.; Bergez, J.-E. 2019. Management and spatial resolution effects on yield and water balance at regional scale in crop models. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 275:184-195. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.05.013]
Crop management ; Crop yield ; Water balance ; Crop modelling ; Crop forecasting ; Strategies ; Evapotranspiration ; Drainage ; Wheat ; Maize / Germany / North Rhine-Westphalia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049327)
(2.99 MB)
Due to the more frequent use of crop models at regional and national scale, the effects of spatial data input resolution have gained increased attention. However, little is known about the influence of variability in crop management on model outputs. A constant and uniform crop management is often considered over the simulated area and period. This study determines the influence of crop management adapted to climatic conditions and input data resolution on regional-scale outputs of crop models. For this purpose, winter wheat and maize were simulated over 30 years with spatially and temporally uniform management or adaptive management for North Rhine-Westphalia (˜34 083 km²), Germany. Adaptive management to local climatic conditions was used for 1) sowing date, 2) N fertilization dates, 3) N amounts, and 4) crop cycle length. Therefore, the models were applied with four different management sets for each crop. Input data for climate, soil and management were selected at five resolutions, from 1 × 1 km to 100 × 100 km grid size. Overall, 11 crop models were used to predict regional mean crop yield, actual evapotranspiration, and drainage. Adaptive management had little effect (<10% difference) on the 30-year mean of the three output variables for most models and did not depend on soil, climate, and management resolution. Nevertheless, the effect was substantial for certain models, up to 31% on yield, 27% on evapotranspiration, and 12% on drainage compared to the uniform management reference. In general, effects were stronger on yield than on evapotranspiration and drainage, which had little sensitivity to changes in management. Scaling effects were generally lower than management effects on yield and evapotranspiration as opposed to drainage. Despite this trend, sensitivity to management and scaling varied greatly among the models. At the annual scale, effects were stronger in certain years, particularly the management effect on yield. These results imply that depending on the model, the representation of management should be carefully chosen, particularly when simulating yields and for predictions on annual scale.
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
