Your search found 23 records
1 Mather, T. H.; Bos, R.. 1989. Policies and programmes of governments, Bilateral and Multilateral Agencies and Development Banks for environmental management in the context of Natural Resources, Agriculture and Health Department. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. PEEM Secretariat. 111p. (VBC/89/7)
Environment ; Resource management ; Natural resources ; Policy ; Governmental interrelations ; Vectors ; Diseases
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 363.72 G000 MAT Record No: H06038)
2 Bos, R.. 1990. Incorporating institutional and legal requirements. Waterlines, 9(2):23-27.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H06848)
3 Bos, R.. 1993. Environmental management for disease vector control in rural water resources development projects. In FAO, Integrated rural water management: Proceedings of the Technical Consultation on Integrated Rural Water Management, Rome, Italy, 15-19 March 1993. Rome, Italy: FAO. pp.139-148.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 FAO Record No: H014148)
4 Bos, R.. 1993. Promotion of environmental management for vector control through agricultural extension. In FAO, Integrated rural water management: Proceedings of the Technical Consultation on Integrated Rural Water Management, Rome, Italy, 15-19 March 1993. Rome, Italy: FAO. pp.293-302.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 FAO Record No: H014163)
5 Bos, R.. 1990. Water resources development policies, environmental management and human health. Parasitology Today, 6(6):173-174.
Water resources development ; Development policy ; Environmental effects ; Public health ; Waterborne diseases ; Disease vectors
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 4113 Record No: H017667)
6 van Dijk, A.; den Haan, R.; van den Hoven, P.; Bos, R.. 1999. Can WARMAP save the Aral Sea? Land and Water International, 93:6-9.
Water resources development ; Environmental effects ; Water conservation ; Salinity ; Water table ; Surveys ; Decision support tools ; Information systems ; Water quality ; Simulation models ; Lakes / Central Asia / Russian Federation / Aral Sea Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 4970 Record No: H023713)
7 Bos, R.; Verhoef, H.; Clarke, L. 1999. Intersectoral collaboration for the incorporation of health safeguards into development projects. In WHO; FAO; UNEP; UNCHS; PEEM, Water resources development and vector-borne diseases in Malawi: Report of a National Seminar, Blantyre, 8-13 November 1998. Geneva, Switzerland, WHO. PEEM. pp.25-31.
Water resources development ; Water resource management ; Public health ; Irrigation programs ; Large-scale systems ; Small scale systems ; Development projects ; Project management ; Environmental effects
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.5 G166 WHO Record No: H024154)
8 Bos, R.. 1999. Water resources development and health: The policy perspective. In Kay, B. H. (Ed.), Water resources: Health, environment and development. New York, NY, USA: E & FN Spon. pp.31-46.
Water resources development ; Public health ; Environmental policy ; Development policy ; Development aid
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.5 G000 KAY Record No: H024348)
9 Furu, P.; Birley, M. H.; Engel, C. E.; Bos, R.. 1999. Health opportunities in water resources development: A course promoting intersectoral collaboration. In Kay, B. H. (Ed.), Water resources: Health, environment and development. New York, NY, USA: E & FN Spon. pp.86-107p.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.5 G000 KAY Record No: H024352)
10 Mutero, C. M.; Mosha, F.; Odulaja, A.; Knols, B. G. J.; Bos, R.. 1999. Livestock management and malaria prevention in irrigation schemes. Parasitology Today, 15(10):394-395.
Malaria ; Waterborne diseases ; Disease vectors ; Livestock ; Irrigation programs ; Public health / East Africa
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 5513 Record No: H027061)
(0.17 MB)
11 Bos, R.; Birley, M.; Furu, P.; Engel, C. 2003. Health opportunities in development: a course manual on developing intersectoral decision-making skills in support of health impact assessment – Part I course basics; Part II course implementation; Part III course materials. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. v.p.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 613 G000 BOS Record No: H033301)
12 Mörner, J.; Bos, R.; Fredrix, M. 2002. Reducing and eliminating the use of persistent organic pesticides: guidance on alternative strategies for sustainable pest and vector management. Geneva, Switzerland: UNEP; FAO; WHO. 88p.
Pest control ; Policy ; Disease vectors ; Malaria ; Water management ; Cotton ; Public health ; Environmental effects ; Case studies / India / Sri Lanka / Philippines / Vietnam / Japan / Mexico / Australia / Sudan / Europe / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 632.9 G000 MOR Record No: H033430)
13 Keiser, J.; De Castro, M. C.; Maltese, M. F.; Bos, R.; Tanner, M.; Singer, B. H.; Utzinger, J. 2005. Effect of irrigation and large dams on the burden of malaria on a global and regional scale. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 72(4):392-406.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 7253 Record No: H036579)
14 Hassan, A. A.; Birley, M. H.; Giroult, E.; Zghondi, R.; Khan, M. Z. A.; Bos, R.. 2005. Environmental health impact assessment of development projects: A practical guide for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region. Cairo, Egypt: WHO Regional office for the Eastern Mediterranean. 131p.
Health ; Risks ; Epidemiology ; Impact assessment ; Environmental effects ; Water pollution ; Pollution control ; Air pollution ; Soil pollution ; Urbanization ; Irrigation programs / Eastern Mediterranean Region
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 628 GG20 HAS Record No: H038960)
15 Lindsay, S.; Kirby, M.; Baris, E.; Bos, R.. 2004. Environmental management for malaria control in the East Asia and Pacific (EAP) region. Washington, DC, USA: World Bank. Health. HNP. 46p. (HNP Discussion Paper)
Malaria ; Waterborne diseases ; Disease vectors ; Control methods ; Environmental management / East Asia / Pacific Islands
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 614.532 G570 LIN Record No: H040407)
16 Bos, R.; Carr, R.; Keraita, Bernard. 2010. Assessing and mitigating wastewater-related health risks in low-income countries: an introduction. In Drechsel, Pay; Scott, C. A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Redwood, M.; Bahri, Akissa (Eds.). Wastewater irrigation and health: assessing and mitigating risk in low-income countries. London, UK: Earthscan; Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.29-47. (Also in French).
Wastewater irrigation ; Health hazards ; Risk assessment ; Risk management ; Diseases ; Developing countries
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G000 DRE Record No: H042602)
(0.20 MB)
In and around urban areas pollution of natural water bodies is on the rise. As a result, wastewater irrigation is an increasingly common reality around most cities in the developing world. For reasons of technical capacity or economics, effective treatment may not be available for years to come; therefore, international guidelines to safeguard farmers and consumers must be practical and offer feasible riskmanagement options. This chapter provides an introduction to microbiological hazards. These can be addressed best in a step-wise risk assessment and management approach starting with wastewater treatment where possible, and supported by different pathogen barriers from farm to fork. A major change in the most recent WHO Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater in agriculture and aquaculture (WHO, 2006) agriculture is the focus on a holistic approach to achieving health-based targets, instead of prescribing irrigation waterquality threshold levels that are often unattainable. The health-based targets should not be read as absolute values but as goals to be attained in the short, medium or long term depending on the country’s technical capacity and institutional or economic conditions. Local standards and actual implementation should progressively develop as the country moves up the sanitation ladder. While healthrisk assessments are recommended to identify entry points for risk reduction and health-based targets, the Guidelines also offer shortcuts in situations where research capacities and data are constrained.
17 Mara, D.; Bos, R.. 2010. Risk analysis and epidemiology: the 2006 WHO guidelines for the safe use of wastewater in agriculture. In Drechsel, Pay; Scott, C. A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Redwood, M.; Bahri, Akissa (Eds.). Wastewater irrigation and health: assessing and mitigating risk in low-income countries. London, UK: Earthscan; Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.51-62. (Also in French).
Risk analysis ; Epidemiology ; Pathogens ; Wastewater irrigation ; Health hazards ; Diseases ; Public health ; Guidelines ; Risk assessment ; Simulation
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G000 DRE Record No: H042603)
(0.13 MB)
This chapter reviews the required pathogen reductions recommended in the 2006 WHO Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater, Excreta and Greywater in agriculture, which are based on a tolerable additional burden of disease of =10–6 Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) loss per person per year. The quantitative microbial risk-analysis technique, combined with 10,000-trial Monte Carlo risk simulations, is detailed here and the resulting estimates of median risk for various levels of pathogen reduction for exposure via restricted and unrestricted irrigation are also presented. This enables the selection of suitable combinations of pathogen reduction measures (wastewater treatment and post-treatment health-protection measures) to be selected, so that the resulting additional burden of disease does not exceed 10–6 DALY loss per person per year.
18 Corcoran, E.; Nellemann, C.; Baker, E.; Bos, R.; Osborn, D.; Savelli, H. (Eds.) 2010. Sick water?: the central role of wastewater management in sustainable development: a rapid response assessment. Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP; Nairobi, Kenya: UN-HABITAT; Arendal, Norway: GRID-Arendal. 85p.
Wastewater ; Sanitation ; Urban areas ; Wastewater treatment ; Industrialization ; Public health ; Food security
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 363.7284 G000 COR Record No: H042906)
(5.82 MB)
19 Pruss-Ustun, A.; Bos, R.; Gore, F.; Bartram, J. 2008. Safer water, better health: costs, benefits and sustainability of interventions to protect and promote health. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. 60p.
Waterborne diseases ; Gastrointestinal diseases ; Hygiene ; Parasitoses ; Disease prevention ; Control methods ; Cost benefit analysis ; Water supply ; Sanitation
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043304)
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008/9789241596435_eng.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043304.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043304.pdf
(2.63 MB) (2.62 MB)
How much disease could be prevented through increased access to safe water and adequate sanitation, through improved water management and through better hygiene? What do we know about effective interventions, their costs and benefits in specific settings, or about financing policies and mechanisms? This report presents an overview of our current knowledge on the health impacts by country and by disease, of what has worked to reduce that burden, and of the financial requirements. Almost one tenth of the global disease burden, mainly in the developing countries, could be prevented by water, sanitation and hygiene interventions. Moreover, effective and affordable interventions have been shown to further reduce this burden significantly. The economic return of investing in improved access to safe drinkingwater is almost 10-fold. Investing in water management will have dual benefits for health and agriculture. This overview provides arguments for fully integrating water, sanitation and hygiene in countries’ disease reduction strategies - a prerequisite to achieving the Millennium Development Goals. It provides the basis for action by the health sector and those sectors managing critical water resources and services. Resulting benefits will include poverty alleviation, improved quality of life and reduction of costs to the health-care system.
20 Bradley, D. J.; Bos, R.. 2010. Water storage: health risks at different scales. In Lundqvist, J. (Ed.). On the water front: selections from the 2009 World Water Week in Stockholm. Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI). pp.90-99.
Water storage ; Health hazards ; Public health ; Waterborne diseases ; Disease vectors ; Malaria ; Schistosomiasis ; Reservoirs
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043363)
http://www.worldwaterweek.org/documents/Resources/Synthesis/On_the_Water_Front_selections_from_WWW.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043363.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043363.pdf
(0.54 MB) (5.24 MB)
Water is stored to facilitate access, and at all scales from huge reservoirs to small pots within the household. But there are health hazards as well as benefits from water storage; these are explored here within the frameworks of geometry, process and functional classification of risk. Hazards depend upon ease of access of people and other biota and pathogens to the water. Insect vectors of disease may breed in the water. Risk tends to decrease in larger water bodies. Methods to reduce the health hazards of large dams are well studied, even if often ignored, but those for small dams are less clear, requiring a choice appropriate to the locally relevant pathogens, and further research attention. Measures against specific diseases will depend on the preexisting levels of endemicity, and on how far alternative methods of treatment and prevention are available.
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