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1 Narain, S.; Srinivasan, R. K.; Banerjee, S.; Chaudhuri, J. 2012. Excreta matters 71 cities [in India]: a survey. Vol. 2. New Delhi, India: Centre for Science and Environment (CSE). 486p.
Water resources ; Water pollution ; Excreta ; Urban areas ; Highlands ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Water distribution ; Water use ; Groundwater ; Sewage ; Waste disposal ; Wastewater treatment ; Wastewater management ; Water security ; Water quality ; Economic aspects ; Rivers ; Lakes ; Wetlands ; Drainage systems ; Sanitation ; Wells ; Pipes / India / Himalaya / Dehrdun / Jammu / Mussoorie / Nainital / Srinagar / Uttarkashi / Indo-Gangetic Plains / Agra / Allahabad / Amritsar / Bathinda / Delhi / Faridabad / Gurgaon / Kanpur / Lucknow / Mathura / Meerut / Patna / Yamunanagar / Jagadhri / Punjab / Khanna / Malout / Mansa / Budhlada / Baretta / Bhucho / Goniana / Kot Fatta / Maur / Raman / Rampura / Sangat / Eastern Highlands / Dhanbad / Hazaribagh / Ranchi / The northeast / Aizawl / Guwahati / Siliguri / The Desert / Alwar / Bhilwara / Jaipur / Jodhpur / Udaipur / Central Highlands / Bhopal / Dewas / Gwalior / Indore / Jabalpur / Jhansi / Nagpur / Rajkot / Ujjain / Vadodara / The Deccan / Aurangabad / Bangaluru / Baramati / Hubli-Dharwad / Hyderabad / Pune / Solapur / Tumkur / Coastal Cities / Bhubaneswar / Chennai / Cuttack / Kolkata / Kozhikode / Mumbai / Puducherry / Srikakulam / Surat / Thane / Thiruvananthapuram
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 631.7.5 G635 NAR Record No: H044743)
(0.32 MB)
2 Keener, S.; Luengo, M.; Banerjee, S.. 2010. Provision of water to the poor in Africa: experience with water standposts and the informal water sector. Washington, DC, USA: World Bank. 61p. (Policy Research Working Paper 5387)
Water management ; Community involvement ; Water supply ; Water market ; Water rates ; Urbanization ; Poverty ; Households ; Models ; Indicators / Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044970)
http://elibrary.worldbank.org/docserver/download/5387.pdf?expires=1341483627&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=6081EB2201D2E0FF0329537D14BE404C
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044970.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044970.pdf
(0.94 MB) (959.07KB)
Standpipes that dispense water from utilities are the most common alternatives to piped water connections for poor customers in the cities of Sub-Saharan Africa. Fifty-five percent of the unconnected urban population relies on standpipes as their first water source. Other informal water providers include household resellers and a variety of water tankers and vendors, which are the first water source of 1 percent and 3 percent of the urban population, respectively. In the cities studied, the percentage of unconnected households ranges from 12 percent to 86 percent of the population. The percentage of unconnected people covered by standpipes is substantially higher for countries with higher rates of household connection, while the percentage of unconnected people covered by water tankers or water vendors is higher for countries with lower rates of household connection. Water prices in the informal market are much higher than for households with private connections or yard taps. Although standpipes are heavily subsidized by utilities, the prices charged by standpipe operators are closely related to the informal water reseller price. Standpipe management models also affect the informal price of water. For example, the shift from utilities management to delegated management models without complementary regulation or consumer information has often led to declines in service levels and increased prices. Standpipes are not the only or even the most efficient solution in peri-urban areas. Programs that promote private household connections and arrangements that improve pricing and services in the household resale market should also be considered by policy makers.
3 Banerjee, S.; Biswas, B. 2020. Assessing climate change impact on future reference evapotranspiration pattern of West Bengal, India. Agricultural Sciences, 11(9):793-802. [doi: https://doi.org/10.4236/as.2020.119051]
Climate change ; Evapotranspiration ; Weather forecasting ; Trends ; Rain ; Temperature ; Irrigation water ; Rivers ; Deltas / India / West Bengal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050036)
(2.77 MB) (2.77 MB)
Considering the importance of reference evapotranspiration (RET) in agriculture, hydrology and meteorology, the research problem was taken to assess the RET during winter season under projected climatic situation of West Bengal, India. The Penman-Monteith method was used in the study as it is the most accurate method of estimating RET. However, validation of the output of the equation was done with the help of observed data set. The data analysis was carried out using NCAR Command Language (NCL). The result clearly shows that the reference ET of the study area will be increased in the tune of 13% to 32% in the year 2050 compared to present RET level. Analysis of actual rainfall data shows a decreasing trend of winter rainfall in the study region. The projected rainfall data also follows the same pattern. Thus, the combination of low rainfall and higher ET value will demand more irrigation requirement for winter crops in West Bengal. The temporal changes of RET on decadal basis and spatial variation of RET for each decade have been observed and discussed in the paper.
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