Your search found 20 records
1 Clyma, W.; Ali, A.; Ashraf, M. 1975. Irrigation practices and application efficiencies in Pakistan. Bhalwal, Pakistan: Directorate of Mona Reclamation Experimental Project. 33 p. (Water and Power Development Authority publication no. 36)
Irrigation efficiency ; Irrigation practices ; Water management ; Water supply ; Canals ; Tube wells / Pakistan
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.6.2 G730 CLY Record No: H0598)
2 Ali, A.; Awan, Q. A.; Chaudhry, M. R. 1979. Watercourse improvement programme in Thikriwala Development Project. Faisalabad, Pakistan: Department of Irrigation and Drainage. University of Agriculture. iii, 17 p.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.7 G730 ALI Record No: H01375)
3 Ali, A.. 1983. Sliding slab nakka for the watercourses. Lahore, Pakistan: Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering. In Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering, Proceedings of the International Seminar on Water Resources Management, Lahore, 22-27 October 1983 (pp. 84-89). Lahore: Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.1 G570 CEN Record No: H01496)
4 Ali, A.; Clyma, W.; Ashraf, M. 1975. Irrigation practices for traditional and precision leveled fields in Pakistan. Paper presented at the CENTO Panel Meeting on the Optimum Use of Water in Agriculture, Lyallpur, Pakistan, 3-5 March 1975. 30p.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 158 Record No: H02252)
5 Clyma, W.; Ali, A.; Ashraf, M. 1975. Watercourse losses. Paper presented at the CENTO Panel Meeting on the Optimum Use of Water in agriculture,Lyallpur, Pakistan, 3-5 March 1975. 30p.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 160 Record No: H02285)
6 Ali, A.; Awan, Q. A. Water measuring devices and water control structures at the field level. Paper presented at the National Workshop on Farm Water Management and Control at the Farm Level, Faisalabad, 18-23 April 1982: Contribution of Water Management Research and Training Programme for Rural Development. University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. 19p.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 93 Record No: H04419)
7 Ahmad, Ch. B.; Ali, A.; Raza, A. 1993. Pattern of flow variations in distributaries and reachwise supply to outlets. In Government of Pakistan-USAID Irrigation Systems Management Research Project; IIMI, Proceedings: Irrigation Systems Management Research Symposium, Lahore, 11-13 April 1993. Vol.1. - Integrated watercourse management. pp.49-62.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IIMI 631.7.8 IIMI Record No: H012883)
Discharge measurements were undertaken on eight selected distributaries, each located on a major canal to evaluate the pattern of flow variations, the reachwise supply to outlets and the apparent reasons for such variations. The results based on monthly measurements from June 1990 to May 1992 show 122%, 98%, 95%, 89%, 87%, 85%, 74% and 68% of the designed discharge for Josar 8-R, Dhudian, Nall, Nasirpur, Kiddi, Sheikh Yousaf, Renala 1 RB and Madan distributaries respectively. Excess supply to Josar is probably to compensate for 33% closure period as it is run on rotation. Silt clearance from the distributaries during January 1992 increased water supply to all distributaries particularly four of them which also improved reachwise equity. The head reach outlets on each distributary were drawing more than design discharge (101-134%)at the expense of lower reaches, particularly tail reach (38-97%). During deficit supplies, tail reach watercourses suffer a greater loss, and at Dhudian supply to tail watercourses was totally cut off when supply dropped below 77% of the design discharge. On Nall distributary alone, reachwise supplies to outlets appear to be somewhat equitable because of recently completed rehabilitation work including lining of tail section. Apparent reasons for variations in outlet discharge, apart from variations in the feeding channel, were laxity in enforcement of outlet design parameters, reduced capacities, degraded sections and poor maintenance of the distributaries. In the cases of Dhudian and Nasirpur distributaries low discharge and greater length also appear to be major constraints.
8 Ali, A.; Badruddin, M. J.; Memon, N. A. 1993. Level border irrigation layout and evaluation in Pakistan. In Government of Pakistan-USAID Irrigation Systems Management Research Project; IIMI, Proceedings: Irrigation Systems Management Research Symposium, Lahore, 11-13 April 1993; Vol.VII, Improving on-farm water use and application. pp.9-30.
Border irrigation ; Performance evaluation ; Irrigation efficiency ; Water storage ; Soils / Pakistan
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IIMI 631.7.8 G730 IIMI Record No: H012910)
A coordinated study was undertaken to evaluate the layout of level borders under different soils and streamsize conditions. Application, storage and distribution efficiencies were used as the performance parameters for the evaluation. Under clay loam soil conditions, the 90 meter border length performed very well with a unit stream of 31/s/m width, while under sandy clay loam conditions, 30 and 60 meter borders gave maximum efficiencies with 31/s/m.
9 Ranjha, A. Y.; Ali, A.; Gill, M. A.; Aziz, A. 1990. Control structures for efficient water distribution at farm level. Progressive Farming, 10(6):23-27.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 4124 Record No: H017678)
10 Ali, A.; Chaudhry, M. R. 1996. Water conveyance and distribution at watercourse level. In Riaz, K.; Wahaj, R. (Ed.), Tertiary sub-system management: Proceedings of one-day workshop held on June 18, 1995 in Lahore, Pakistan. Lahore, Pakistan: IIMI Pakistan. pp.12-23.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IIMI 631.7.6.2 G730 RIA Record No: H019407)
11 Garg, N. K.; Ali, A.. 2000. Groundwater management for Lower Indus Basin. Agricultural Water Management, 42(3):273-290.
Groundwater management ; Simulation models ; Waterlogging ; Tube wells ; Conjunctive use / India / Lower Indus Basin
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H025588)
12 Ali, A.. 2002. Demand management in relation with water supply. In Pakistan Water Partnership (PWP). Second South Asia Water Forum, 14-16 December 2002, Islamabad, Pakistan. Proceedings, vol.1. Islamabad, Pakistan: Pakistan Water Partnership (PWP). pp.357-361.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G570 PAK Record No: H034158)
13 Jehangir, W. A.; Mudasser, M.; Mahmood-ul-Hassan; Ali, A.. 1998. Multiple uses of irrigation water in the Hakra 6-R, Distributary Command Area, Punjab, Pakistan. Lahore, Pakistan: International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI). Pakistan National Program. vi, 54p. (IWMI Pakistan Report R-061 / IIMI Pakistan Report R-061) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.495]
Irrigation canals ; Distributary canals ; Water allocation ; Water use ; Households ; Livestock ; Water quality ; Water pollution ; Waterborne diseases ; Health ; Water rates ; Women ; Gender ; Fish farming / Pakistan / Punjab / Haroonabad / Tehsil / Hakra 6-R Distributary
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IIMI 631.7 G730 JEH Record No: H023176)
14 Nguyen, T. T. H.; De Bie, C. A. J. M.; Ali, A.; Smaling, E. M. A.; Hoanh, Chu Thai. 2011. Mapping the irrigated rice cropping patterns of the Mekong delta, Vietnam, through hyper-temporal SPOT NDVI image analysis. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 33(2):415-434. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.532826]
Irrigated rice ; Crop management ; Remote sensing ; Mapping ; Deltas ; Image analysis ; Vegetation ; Indicators ; Data / Vietnam / Mekong delta
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044487)
(3.68 MB)
Successful identification and mapping of different cropping patterns under cloudy conditions of a specific crop through remote sensing provides important baseline information for planning and monitoring. In Vietnam, this information is either missing or unavailable; several ongoing projects studying options with radar to avoid earth observation problems caused by the prevailing cloudy conditions have to date produced only partial successes. In this research, optical hyper-temporal Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre (SPOT) VEGETATION (SPOT VGT) data (1998–2008) were used to describe and map variability in irrigated rice cropping patterns of the Mekong delta. Divergence statistics were used to evaluate signature separabilities of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) classes generated from the iterative self-organizing data analysis technique algorithm (ISODATA) classification of 10-day SPOT NDVI image series. Based on this evaluation, a map with 77 classes was selected. Out of these 77 mapped classes, 26 lasses with prior knowledge that they represent rice were selected to design the sampling scheme for fieldwork and for crop calendar characterization. Using the collected information of 112 farmers’ fields belonging to the 26 selected classes, the map produced provides highly accurate information on rice cropping patterns (94% overall accuracy, 0.93 Kappa coefficient). We found that the spatial distributions of the triple and the double rice cropping systems are highly related to the flooding regime from the Hau and Tien rivers. Areas that are highly vulnerable to flooding in the upper part and those that are saline in the north-western part of the delta mostly have a double rice cropping system, whilst areas in the central and the south-eastern parts mostly have a triple rice cropping system. In turn, the duration of flooding is highly correlated with the decision by farmers to cultivate shorter or longer duration rice varieties. The overall spatial variability mostly coincides with administrative units, indicating that crop pattern choices and water controlmeasures are locally synchronized. Water supply risks, soil acidity and salinity constraints and the anticipated highly fluctuating rice market prices all strongly influence specific farmers’ choices of rice varieties. These choices vary considerably annually, and therefore grown rice varieties are difficult to map. Our study demonstrates the high potential of optical hyper-temporal images, taken on a daily basis, to differentiate and map a high variety of irrigated rice cropping patterns and crop calendars at a high level of accuracy in spite of cloudy conditions.
15 Rahut, D. B.; Ali, A.; Imtiaz, M.; Mottaleb, K. A.; Erenstein, O. 2016. Impact of irrigation water scarcity on rural household food security and income in Pakistan. Water Science and Technology: Water Supply, 16(3):675-683. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.179]
Water scarcity ; Irrigation water ; Rural areas ; Household income ; Food security ; Poverty ; Farmers ; Socioeconomic environment ; Cereal crops ; Wheat ; Maize ; Rice ; Crop yield ; Models / Pakistan / Punjab / Sindh / Baluchistan / Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048086)
(0.16 MB)
As Pakistan is currently facing a severe shortage of irrigation water, this paper analyzes the determinants of water scarcity and its impact on the yield of cereal crops (wheat, maize and rice), household income, food security and poverty levels by employing the propensity-score-matching approach. This study is based on a comprehensive set of cross-sectional data collected from 950 farmers from all four major provinces in Pakistan. The empirical analysis indicated that farmers with a water-scarcity problem have lower yield and household income, and are food insecure. Poverty levels were higher: in the range of 7–12% for a household facing a water-scarcity problem. The policy implications of the study are that the public and private sector in Pakistan needs to invest in irrigation water management to maintain the productivity of cereal crops which is important for household food security and poverty reduction.
16 Ali, A.; Rahut, D. B.; Mottaleb, K. A. 2018. Improved water-management practices and their impact on food security and poverty: empirical evidence from rural Pakistan. Water Policy, 20(4):692-711. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2018.044]
Water management ; Food security ; Poverty ; Rural areas ; Irrigation practices ; Water conservation ; Agriculture ; Crop yield ; Farmers ; Household income ; Models / Pakistan / Punjab / Sindh / Khyber Pakhtunkhwa / Balochistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048884)
(0.28 MB)
Using a comprehensive data set collected through field survey of 950 farmers across Pakistan, the current study evaluates water-management practices and their impact on food security and poverty. The results show that rural households mainly adopted four water-management practices (bund making, deep plowing, the adoption of stress-tolerant varieties, and irrigation supplements) and that the wealth, education, and gender of the farmer (male) positively influences the adoption of improved water-management practices. The propensity score matching approach shows that the adoption of improved water-management practices improves wheat and rice yields, household income and food security levels, and reduces poverty levels. The food security levels of households adopting improved water-management practices are higher: in the range of 3–12%. Higher wheat yields are in the range of 26.8–70.4 kg/acre and higher rice yields are in the range of 48.4–85.2 kg/acre. Higher household income levels are in the range of rupees 2,573–4,926 and the lower poverty levels are in the range of 2–7%. Hence, agricultural policy should promote improved water-management practices among rural households.
17 Ali, A.; Xia, C.; Jia, C.; Faisal, M. 2020. Investment profitability and economic efficiency of the drip irrigation system: evidence from Egypt. Irrigation and Drainage, 18p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2511]
Drip irrigation ; Irrigation systems ; Investment ; Profitability ; Agricultural production ; Technology ; Water management ; Irrigation efficiency ; Water resources ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Tomatoes ; Production costs ; Policy making ; Socioeconomic environment / Egypt / Ahnasya / Samasta / Al-fashn
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049922)
(1.33 MB)
Modern irrigation systems are key to improving the productivity of water and land units. This study assesses the economic aspects of the drip irrigation system (DIS) by calculating the investment profitability and economic efficiency of the DIS for growing tomatoes in Egypt. One hundred tomato farmers were surveyed. Financial discounted criteria were used in addition to data envelopment analysis to estimate the economic efficiency of growing tomatoes using the DIS. The results showed that investment in the DIS is lucrative, with an increase of 67% in the net return per hectare, compared with results using non-drip irrigation. The benefit–cost ratio amounted to 1.35, the net present value was US$1720, and the internal rate of return was 44%. The data envelopment analysis results revealed that most farms achieved technical and allocative efficiencies; however, cost and scale efficiencies still need improvement. These results could guide policymakers when designing irrigation transformation strategies that involve the use of micro-credit to encourage small farmers to change from conventional irrigation systems to DISs. Agricultural extension agencies should organize intensive training programmes for small farmers on how to operate and maintain the DIS. These policies will accelerate the adoption of irrigation modernization and help vulnerable farmers maximize productivity and achieve sustainability in the use of limited resources.
18 Nasir, J.; Ashfaq, M.; Baig, I. A.; Punthakey, J. F.; Culas, R.; Ali, A.; Hassan, F. u. 2021. Socioeconomic impact assessment of water resources conservation and management to protect groundwater in Punjab, Pakistan. Water, 13(19):2672. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w13192672]
Water resources ; Water conservation ; Groundwater management ; Socioeconomic impact ; Impact assessment ; Sustainable agriculture ; Agricultural production ; Food security ; Irrigation systems ; Policies ; Sustainable development ; Farm income ; Livelihoods ; Poverty ; Stakeholders / Pakistan / Punjab
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050662)
(3.83 MB) (3.83 MB)
Water is the most important resource; it is utilized largely in agricultural production and is fundamental to ensuring global food security. This study aims to assess sustainable water management interventions and their impact on the farm economy. To increase water productivity, the most important adaptations that have been proposed are high-efficiency irrigation systems, drought-resistant varieties, the substitution of water-intensive crops with less water-demanding crops, the mulching of soil, zero tillage, and all on-farm operations that can save water, especially ground water. The recent analysis utilized farm survey data from 469 representative farmers along with secondary statistics. The data were collected via a multi-stage sampling technique to ensure the availability of representative farm populations based on a comprehensive site selection criterion. The TOA-MD model estimates the adoption rate of a proposed adaptation based on net farm returns. The impact of high-efficiency irrigation systems and the substitution of high delta crops for low delta crops had a positive impact on net farm returns and per capita income, and a negative impact on farm poverty in the study area. It is recommended that policymakers consult farmer representatives about agricultural and water-related issues so that all the policies can be implemented properly.
19 Rafiq, M.; Li, Y. C.; Cheng, Y.; Rahman, G.; Ullah, I.; Ali, A.. 2022. Spatial and temporal fluctuation of rainfall and drought in Balochistan Province, Pakistan. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 15(2):214. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-09514-4]
Drought ; Rain ; Assessment ; Trends ; Precipitation ; Semiarid zones ; Meteorological stations / Pakistan / Balochistan / Barkhan / Dalbandin / Kalat / Khuzdar / Lasbella / Quetta
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051224)
(4.44 MB)
Drought is a multifaceted hydro-meteorological phenomenon that occurs due to a reduction in the amount of rainfall which increases complexity as well as scarcity in arid to semi-arid region. This research presented fluctuation in rainfall and analyzed drought conditions in Balochistan province using the standardized precipitation index (SPI). The six meteorological station (Met stations) data of rainfall were collected from the concerned stations. The data consists of 33 years of rainfall observations (1986–2018). For the data normality, skewness was applied and the results showed positive skewness at all station records with the highest variability in Kalat and Barkhan. The Mann–Kendall trend was applied on both 1-month and 12-month SPI data to assess the trend in the SPI results. In Balochistan, the SPI results detected two distinct driest drought intervals, i.e., 1998–2002 and 2014–2018. The MKT test results detected negative trend in the results of 1-month SPI at most of the selected stations with more significant results in Dalbandin. The January recorded a slight increase in rainfall in almost all weather stations with significant trend. Furthermore, the MKT results of the 12-month SPI deduced a significant positive trend in Dalbandin. Finally, the results revealed frequent drought events and it is expected that it may increase in the future.
20 Usman, M.; Ali, A.; Bashir, M. K.; Radulescu, M.; Mushtaq, K.; Wudil, A. H.; Baig, S. A.; Akram, R. 2023. Do farmers’ risk perception, adaptation strategies, and their determinants benefit towards climate change? Implications for agriculture sector of Punjab, Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(33):79861-79882. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27759-8]
Climate change adaptation ; Strategies ; Risk management ; Food security ; Farmers ; Cropping systems ; Rice ; Wheat ; Cotton ; Irrigation water ; Livelihoods ; Diversification ; Risk reduction ; Indigenous Peoples' knowledge ; Households ; Weather forecasting ; Livestock ; Tenancy ; Tube wells ; Agricultural extension ; Vulnerability ; Market access ; Remittances ; Fertilizers / Pakistan / Punjab
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052271)
(1.00 MB)
Due to global and regional climatic dynamics for a couple of decades, agricultural productivity, rural livelihood, and food security have been badly affected in Pakistan. This study was conducted in Punjab, Pakistan, to explore the farmers’ understanding of the impacts of climate change, adaptation strategies, determinants, and benefits on agriculture using data from 1080 respondents. Perceived risks by the farmers in the rice-wheat cropping system and the cotton-wheat cropping system were weed infestation, seed rate augmented, low-quality seeds, infestation of crop diseases and pests, change of cropping pattern, increase of input use, decrease of cropping intensity and productivity, decreasing soil fertility, increasing irrigation frequency, and increase of harvesting time. To alleviate the adverse influences of climate change, the adaptation strategies used by farmers were management of crop and variety, soil and irrigation water, diversification of agriculture production systems and livelihood sources, management of fertilizer and farm operations time, spatial adaptation, access to risk reduction measures and financial assets, adoption of new technologies, institutional support, and indigenous knowledge. Moreover, the results of Binary Logistic Regression indicate that adaptation strategies are affected by different factors like age, education, household family size, off-farm income, remittances, credit access, information on climatic and natural hazards, information on weather forecasting, land acreage, the experience of growing crops and rearing of livestock, tenancy status, tube well ownership, livestock inventory, access to market information, agricultural extension services, and distance from agricultural input/output market. There is a significant difference between adapters and nonadapters. The risk management system may be created to protect crops against failures caused by extreme weather events. There is a need to develop crop varieties that are both high yielding and resistant to climate change. Moreover, cropping patterns should be revised to combat the effects of climate change. To enhance farmers’ standard of living, it is necessary to provide adequate extension services and a more significant number of investment facilities. These measures will assist farmers in maintaining their standard of living and food security over the long term to adapt to the effects of climate change based on various cropping zones.
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