Your search found 5 records
1 Mainuddin, M. 2005. Poverty alleviation versus mass poisoning: the dilemma of groundwater irrigation in Bangladesh. In Sahuquillo, A.; Capilla, J.; Martinez-Cortina, L.; Sanchez-Vila, X. (Eds.). Groundwater intensive use: Selected papers, SINEX, Valencia, Spain, 10-14 December 2002. Lieden, Netherlands: A.A. Balkema. pp.221-235. (IAH Selected Papers on Hydrogeology 7)
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.6.3 G000 SAH Record No: H038616)
(1.00 MB)
2 Indu, Rajnarayan; Krishnan, Sunderrajan; Shah, Tushaar. 2007. Impacts of groundwater contamination with fluoride and arsenic: affliction severity, medical cost and wage loss in some villages of India. International Journal of Rural Management, 3(1): 69-93.
Groundwater ; Water quality ; Water pollution ; Drinking water ; Fluorides ; Arsenic ; Poisoning ; Diseases ; Public health ; Costs / India / Rajasthan / Gujarat / Andhra Pradesh / Karnataka / Kerala / Andhra Pradesh / Tamil Nadu / West Bengal / Nadia District / Haryana / Orissa / Punjab / Uttar Pradesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.9104 G635 RAJ Record No: H041104)
In India, high fluoride concentration in groundwater (greater than 1 mg/l) is widespread in the arid to semi-arid western states of Rajasthan and Gujarat and in the southern states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. A field research study conducted at six areas severely affected by fluorosis shows that affordability of safer drinking water is related to higher income level, and that the severity of fluorosis affliction is higher for lower income levels. The cost incurred on medicines and loss of wages is a significant proportion of the earnings and has a general debilitating impact on the affected families. As compared with fluorosis, the skin afflictions of arsenicosis carry greater social stigma and patients incur higher costs. In Nadia district of West Bengal, the impacts of arsenic contamination are more severe with increasing age. Cumulatively, over the entire afflicted population, both fluoride and arsenic contamination have a high cost on society and addressing the problem would require more attention from government agencies and society apart from individual awareness.
3 Pearce, R. 2006. When the rivers run dry: water - the defining crisis of the twenty-first century. Boston, MA, USA: Beacon Press. 324p.
Water resources ; Rivers ; Water scarcity ; Water stress ; Water resources development ; Water supply ; Drinking water ; Virtual water ; Wells ; Arsenic ; Poisoning ; Farmers ; Floodplains ; Drought ; Climate change ; Dams ; Flooding ; Rain ; Drip irrigation / UK / USA / Pakistan / India / China / Central Asia / Iran / Rio Grande / Colorado River / Lake Chad / Mekong / Yellow River / Aral Sea
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 PEA Record No: H041912)
(0.06 MB)
4 Mainuddin, M. 2003. Poverty alleviation versus mass poisoning: the dilemma of groundwater irrigation in Bangladesh. In World Water Forum 3: Water, Food and Environment. Groundwater Governance in Asia: The Challenge of Taming a Colossal Anarchy, Kyoto, Japan, 17 March 2003. Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.9-10.
Poverty ; Drinking water ; Groundwater irrigation ; Water pollution ; Arsenic ; Poisoning ; Soil degradation ; Health hazards / Bangladesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044127)
(0.36 MB)
5 Knipe, D. W.; Padmanathan, P.; Muthuwatta, Lal. 2017. Regional variation in suicide rates in Sri Lanka between 1955 and 2011: a spatial and temporal analysis. Bmc Public Health, 17:1-14. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3961-5]
Socioeconomic environment ; Social behaviour ; Social change ; Social phenomena ; Suicide ; Pesticides ; Poisoning ; Temporal variation ; Epidemiology / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048135)
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186%2Fs12889-016-3961-5.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048135.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048135.pdf
(3.87 MB)
Background: Between 1955 and 2011 there were marked fluctuations in suicide rates in Sri Lanka; incidence increased six-fold between 1955 and the 1980s, and halved in the early 21st century. Changes in access to highly toxic pesticides are thought to have influenced this pattern. This study investigates variation in suicide rates across Sri Lanka’s 25 districts between 1955 and 2011. We hypothesised that changes in the incidence of suicide would be most marked in rural areas due to the variation in availability of highly toxic pesticides in these locations during this time period. Methods: We mapped district-level suicide rates in 1955, 1972, 1980 and 2011. These periods preceded, included and postdated the rapid rise in Sri Lanka’s suicide rates. We investigated the associations between district-level variations in suicide rates and census-derived measures of rurality (population density), unemployment, migration and ethnicity using Spearman’s rank correlation and negative binomial models. Results: The rise and fall in suicide rates was concentrated in more rural areas. In 1980, when suicide rates were at their highest, population density was inversely associated with area variation in suicide rates (r = -0.65; p < 0.001), i.e. incidence was highest in rural areas. In contrast the association was weakest in 1950, prior to the rise in pesticide suicides (r = -0.10; p = 0.697). There was no strong evidence that levels of migration or ethnicity were associated with area variations in suicide rates. The relative rates of suicide in the most rural compared to the most urban districts before (1955), during (1980) and after (2011) the rise in highly toxic pesticide availability were 1.1 (95% CI 0.5 to 2.4), 3.7 (2.0 to 6.9) and 2.1 (1.6 to 2.7) respectively. Conclusions: The findings provide some support for the hypothesis that changes in access to pesticides contributed to the marked fluctuations in Sri Lanka’s suicide rate, but the impact of other factors cannot be ruled out.
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