Your search found 6 records
1 Williams, M.. Water law reform. Trees and Natural Resources, 30(2):4-6.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 199 Record No: H06489)
2 Williams, M.. 1996. The transition in the contribution of living aquatic resources to food security. Washington, DC, USA: IFPRI. vi, 41p. (Food, Agriculture, and the Environment Discussion Paper 13)
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 338.19 G000 WIL Record No: H018474)
3 Whetton, P.; Adamson, D.; Williams, M.. 1990. Rainfall and river flow variability in Africa, Australia and East Asia linked to El Niño: Southern oscillation events. Geological Society of Australia Symposium Proceedings, 1:71-82.
Rain ; Rivers ; Flow ; Climate ; Drought ; Flood water / Africa / Australia / East Asia / China / Nile / Senegal River
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 6705 Record No: H033912)
4 Clement, Floriane; Orange, Didier; Williams, M.; Mulley, C.; Epprecht, M. 2009. Drivers of afforestation in northern Vietnam: assessing local variations using geographically weighted regression. Applied Geography, 29:561-576. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2009.01.003]
Afforestation ; Forest cover ; Assessment ; Remote sensing ; Regression analysis ; Models ; Forest policy ; Land use ; Households / Vietnam / Hoa Binh Province
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042315)
(0.86 MB)
This article identifies drivers of forest transition in a province of Northern Vietnam between 1993 and 2000 by applying geographically weighted regression (GWR) analysis to remotely sensed and statistical data. The regression model highlighted the spatial variation of the relationship between the percentage of land afforested and its proximate causes. Factors identified as having a major impact on afforestation are: the presence or proximity of a wood-processing industry, the distance to highways, and land allocation to households. Whereas the two former variables are in most areas of the province positively correlated with afforestation, an unexpected negative correlation was observed for the latter. The analysis of these results, supported by an in-depth knowledge of the area and of the political context, leads to the conclusion that, during the time period considered, afforestation was largely driven by state organisations on protected state-owned land, and forestry was not a significant component of household economic activities.
5 Bene, C.; Arthur, R.; Norbury, H.; Allison, E. H.; Beveridge, M.; Bush, S.; Campling, L.; Leschen, W.; Little, D.; Squires, D.; Thilsted, S. H.; Troell, M.; Williams, M.. 2016. Contribution of fisheries and aquaculture to food security and poverty reduction: assessing the current evidence. World Development, 79:177-196. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.11.007]
Food security ; Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Poverty ; Nutrition ; Food consumption ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Population growth ; Households ; Economic growth ; International trade ; Supply chain ; Governance ; Developing countries ; Literature reviews
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047689)
(0.67 MB)
Following a precise evaluation protocol that was applied to a pool of 202 articles published between 2003 and 2014, this paper evaluates the existing evidence of how and to what extent capture fisheries and aquaculture contribute to improving nutrition, food security, and economic growth in developing and emergent countries. In doing so we evaluate the quality and scientific rigor of that evidence, identify the key conclusions that emerge from the literature, and assess whether these conclusions are consistent across the sources. The results of the assessment show that while some specific topics are consistently and rigorously documented, thus substantiating some of the claims found in the literature, other areas of research still lack the level of disaggregated data or an appropriate methodology to reach consistency and robust conclusions. More specifically, the analysis reveals that while fish contributes undeniably to nutrition and food security, the links between fisheries/aquaculture and poverty alleviation are complex and still unclear. In particular national and household level studies on fisheries’ contributions to poverty alleviation lack good conceptual models and produce inconsistent results. For aquaculture, national and household studies tend to focus on export value chains and use diverse approaches. They suggest some degree of poverty alleviation and possibly other positive outcomes for adopters, but these outcomes also depend on the small-scale farming contexts and on whether adoption was emergent or due to development assistance interventions. Impacts of fish trade on food security and poverty alleviation are ambiguous and confounded by a focus on international trade and a lack of consistent methods. The influences of major drivers (decentralization, climate change, demographic transition) are still insufficiently documented and therefore poorly understood. Finally the evaluation reveals that evidence-based research and policy narratives are often disconnected, with some of the strongest and long-lasting policy narratives lacking any strong and rigorous evidence-based validation. Building on these different results, this paper identifies six key gaps facing policy-makers, development practitioners, and researchers.
6 Melariri, P.; Steenkamp, L.; Williams, M.; Mtembu, C.; Ronaasen, J.; Truter, I. 2019. Water, sanitation and hygiene practices in early childhood development (ECD) centres in low socio-economic areas in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 9(1):164-171. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2019.130]
Drinking water ; Sanitation ; Hygiene ; Public health ; Water availability ; Early childhood development ; Hand washing ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Indicators ; Socioeconomic environment / South Africa / Nelson Mandela Bay
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049310)
https://iwaponline.com/washdev/article-pdf/9/1/164/583017/washdev0090164.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049310.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049310.pdf
(0.20 MB) (208 KB)
Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) are vital indicators to healthy living and safe environments for child development. The aim of the study was to determine WASH status and practices in ECD centres located in low socio-economic areas of Nelson Mandela Bay during 2017. This cross-sectional study elicited responses from 46 ECD centres which had a total of 3,254 children and 172 caregivers. A structured questionnaire and visual observation were used. Using core WASH in schools' indicators (WinS) showed that despite improved water sources being available in 91% of the facilities, WinS for hygiene was poor. The study observed that 57% of the respondents had improved toilets accommodating both genders. In 29% of ECD centres, 6–10 children make use of a ‘pottie’ while in 9% of the cases, more than 20 children make use of one ‘pottie’. The use of the bucket system was noted in 22% of the ECD centres. In 79% of the ECD centres, children wash their hands in a communal plastic bowl. Only 11% of the study population washed hands hygienically under a running tap or tippy tap. WASH conditions in the ECD centres in the study area require urgent attention and further investigation for practical solutions.
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