Your search found 15 records
1 Thornton, P.; Cramer, L. (Eds.) 2012. Impacts of climate change on the agricultural and aquatic systems and natural resources within the CGIAR’s mandate. [Contributing authors include Vladimir Smakhtin of IWMI]. Copenhagen, Denmark: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). 199p. (CCAFS Working Paper No. 23)
Climate change ; Adaptation ; Food security ; Natural resources ; Water resources ; Water use ; Agricultural production ; Bananas ; Barley ; Beans ; Cassava ; Chickpeas ; Cowpeas ; Faba beans ; Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Forage crops ; Groundnuts ; Lentils ; Livestock ; Maize ; Millet ; Potatoes ; Rice ; Sorghum ; Soybeans ; Wheat ; Yams ; Agroforestry
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 577.22 G000 THO Record No: H045156)
(9.78MB)
The document attempts to distil what is currently known about the likely impacts of climatechange on the commodities and natural resources that comprise the mandate of CGIAR and its 15 Centres. It was designed as one background document for a review carried out by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition (HLPE) at the behest of the UN Committee on World Food Security (CFS) on what is known about the likely effects of climate change on food security and nutrition, with a focus on the most affected and vulnerable regions and populations. A total of 25 summaries covering 22 agricultural commodities, agroforestry, forests and water resources, present information on the importance of each commodity for food and nutrition security globally, the biological vulnerability of the commodity or natural resource to climate change, and what is known about the likely socioeconomic vulnerability of populations dependent partially or wholly on the commodity or natural resource. With a few exceptions, the likely impacts of climate change on key staples and natural resources in developing countries in the coming decades are not understood in any great depth. There are many uncertainties as to how changes in temperature, rainfall and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations will interact in relation to agricultural productivity; the resultant changes in the incidence, intensity and spatial distribution of important weeds, pests and diseases are largely unknown; and the impacts of climate change and increases in climate variability on agricultural systems and natural-resource-dependent households, as well as on food security and the future vulnerability of already hungry people in the tropics and subtropics, are still largely a closed book. CGIAR along with many other partners is involved in a considerable amount of research activity to throw light on these issues.
2 Thornton, P.; Cramer, L. (Eds.) 2012. Impacts of climate change on the agricultural and aquatic systems and natural resources within the CGIAR’s mandate. [Contributing authors include Vladimir Smakhtin of IWMI]. Copenhagen, Denmark: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). 199p. (CCAFS Working Paper No. 23)
Climate change ; Adaptation ; Food security ; Natural resources ; Water resources ; Water use ; Agricultural production ; Bananas ; Barley ; Beans ; Cassava ; Chickpeas ; Cowpeas ; Faba beans ; Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Forage crops ; Groundnuts ; Lentils ; Livestock ; Maize ; Millet ; Potatoes ; Rice ; Sorghum ; Soybeans ; Wheat ; Yams ; Agroforestry
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 577.22 G000 THO c2 Record No: H045997)
(9.78MB)
The document attempts to distil what is currently known about the likely impacts of climatechange on the commodities and natural resources that comprise the mandate of CGIAR and its 15 Centres. It was designed as one background document for a review carried out by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition (HLPE) at the behest of the UN Committee on World Food Security (CFS) on what is known about the likely effects of climate change on food security and nutrition, with a focus on the most affected and vulnerable regions and populations. A total of 25 summaries covering 22 agricultural commodities, agroforestry, forests and water resources, present information on the importance of each commodity for food and nutrition security globally, the biological vulnerability of the commodity or natural resource to climate change, and what is known about the likely socioeconomic vulnerability of populations dependent partially or wholly on the commodity or natural resource. With a few exceptions, the likely impacts of climate change on key staples and natural resources in developing countries in the coming decades are not understood in any great depth. There are many uncertainties as to how changes in temperature, rainfall and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations will interact in relation to agricultural productivity; the resultant changes in the incidence, intensity and spatial distribution of important weeds, pests and diseases are largely unknown; and the impacts of climate change and increases in climate variability on agricultural systems and natural-resource-dependent households, as well as on food security and the future vulnerability of already hungry people in the tropics and subtropics, are still largely a closed book. CGIAR along with many other partners is involved in a considerable amount of research activity to throw light on these issues.
3 Walker, T. S.; Alwang, J. (Eds.) 2015. Crop improvement, adoption, and impact of improved varieties in food crops in Sub-Saharan Africa. Montpellier, France: CGIAR; Wallingford, UK: CABI. 450p.
Crop improvement ; Food crops ; Adoption ; Improved varieties ; Genetic improvement ; Performance evaluation ; Diffusion ; Agricultural research ; Research programmes ; Investment ; Technological changes ; Monitoring ; Impact assessment ; Rural poverty ; Food security ; Cassava ; Cowpeas ; Soybeans ; Yams ; Maize ; Rice ; Wheat ; Groundnuts ; Pearl millet ; Pigeon peas ; Sorghum ; Potatoes ; Sweet potatoes ; Barley ; Chickpeas ; Faba beans ; Lentils / Africa South of Sahara / West Africa / Central Africa / Southern Africa / East Africa / South Asia / Ethiopia / Eritrea / Sudan / Uganda / Rwanda / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 338.10967 G110 WAL Record No: H047766)
(6.30 MB) (6.30 MB)
4 Bouet, A.; Laborde, D. (Eds.) 2017. Agriculture, development, and the global trading system: 2000 - 2015. Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 469p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896292499]
International trade ; Agricultural policies ; Development programmes ; Trade policies ; Trade agreements ; Negotiation ; Food security ; Food stocks ; Agricultural prices ; Domestic markets ; Price volatility ; Market access ; Economic impact ; Tariffs ; Subsidies ; Trade organizations ; WTO ; European Union ; Legal frameworks ; Agricultural insurance ; Crop insurance ; Cotton ; Rice ; Wheat ; Oilseeds ; Soybeans ; Imports ; Exports ; Taxes ; Food aid ; Farmers ; Models / USA / Russian Federation / Brazil / India / China / Canada / Qatar / Uruguay / Indonesia / Doha Development Agenda / Bali
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048949)
https://www.ifpri.org/cdmref/p15738coll2/id/131381/filename/131592.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048949.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048949.pdf
(5.42 MB) (5.42 MB)
This book is devoted to the complex relationship between the global trading system and food security, focusing on two important elements: the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) and how food price volatility can be managed, or not, through trade instruments. The first section of the book is based on the premise that more trade integration can fight poverty and alleviate hunger. The second section examines whether managing price volatility is doable through more or less trade integration. This section deals in particular with policy instruments available for policy makers to cope with price volatility: food stocks, crop insurance, and export restrictions. Analysis concludes that without a strong and efficient World Trade Organization (WTO) capable of conducting ambitious trade negotiations, the food security target will be much more difficult to hit.
5 Rojas, M.; Lambert, F.; Ramirez-Villegas, J.; Challinor, A. J. 2019. Emergence of robust precipitation changes across crop production areas in the 21st century. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(14):6673-6678. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811463116]
Climate change adaptation ; Precipitation ; Temperature ; Agriculture ; Crop production ; Maize ; Wheat ; Rice ; Soybeans ; Forecasting ; Models
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049136)
(1.83 MB)
A warming climate will affect regional precipitation and hence food supply. However, only a few regions around the world are currently undergoing precipitation changes that can be attributed to climate change. Knowing when such changes are projected to emerge outside natural variability—the time of emergence (TOE)—is critical for taking effective adaptation measures. Using ensemble climate projections, we determine the TOE of regional precipitation changes globally and in particular for the growing areas of four major crops. We find relatively early (<2040) emergence of precipitation trends for all four crops. Reduced (increased) precipitation trends encompass 1–14% (3–31%) of global production of maize, wheat, rice, and soybean. Comparing results for RCP8.5 and RCP2.6 clearly shows that emissions compatible with the Paris Agreement result in far less cropped land experiencing novel climates. However, the existence of a TOE, even under the lowest emission scenario, and a small probability for early emergence emphasize the urgent need for adaptation measures. We also show how both the urgency of adaptation and the extent of mitigation vary geographically.
6 Blanc, E. 2020. Statistical emulators of irrigated crop yields and irrigation water requirements. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 284:107828. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107828]
Irrigation water ; Water requirements ; Irrigated farming ; Crop yield ; Water extraction ; Climate change ; Irrigated land ; Crop modelling ; Wheat ; Rice ; Maize ; Soybeans ; Precipitation ; Temperature
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049542)
(18.40 MB)
This study provides statistical emulators of global by gridded crop models included in the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project Fast Track project to estimate irrigated crop yields and associated irrigation water withdrawals simulated at the grid cell level. An ensemble of crop model simulations is used to build a panel of monthly summer weather variables and corresponding annual yields and irrigation water withdrawals from five gridded crop models. This dataset is then used to estimate crop-specific response functions for each crop model. The average normalized root mean square errors for the response functions range from 3% to 6% for irrigated yields and 2% to 8% for irrigated water withdrawal. Further in- and out-of-sample validation exercises confirm that the statistical emulators are able to replicate the crop models’ spatial patterns of irrigated crop yields and irrigation water withdrawals, both in levels and in terms of changes over time, although accuracy varies by model and by region. The emulators estimated in this study therefore provide a reliable and computationally efficient alternative to global gridded crop yield models.
7 Sawadogo, A.; Tim, H.; Gundogdu, K. S.; Demir, A. O.; Unlu, M.; Zwart, S. J. 2020. Comparative analysis of the pysebal model and lysimeter for estimating actual evapotranspiration of soybean crop in Adana, Turkey. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, 5(2):060-065. (Online first). [doi: https://doi.org/10.26833/ijeg.573503]
Evapotranspiration ; Crops ; Soybeans ; Irrigation water ; Satellite imagery ; Landsat ; Remote sensing ; Models ; Lysimeters / Turkey / Adana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049544)
(0.98 MB) (0.98 MB)
Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) is an important factor in water management, especially in irrigated agriculture. Accurate irrigation scheduling requires accurate estimation of ET. The objective of this study was to estimate the actual evapotranspiration (ET a ) by the pySEBAL model and to compare it with the actual evapotranspiration measured by the lysimeter method of soybean crop in Adana, Turkey. Five Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) images and weather data were used for this study to estimate actual evapotranspiration by the pySEBAL model . The results showed a good relationship between ET a estimated by the pySEBAL model and ET a measured by the lysimeter method , with an R 2 of 0.73, an RMSE of 0.51 mm.day -1 , an MBE of 0.04 mm.day -1 and a Willmott's index of agreement ( d ) of 0.90. Based on this study, there is a good relationship between the actual evapotranspiration estimated by the pySEBAL model and the actual evapotranspiration measured by the lysimeter method. Consequently, ET a of soybean crop can be estimated with high accuracy by the pySEBAL model in Adana, Turkey.
8 You, N.; Dong, J. 2020. Examining earliest identifiable timing of crops using all available sentinel 1/2 imagery and Google Earth Engine. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 161:109-123. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2020.01.001]
Crop production ; Satellite imagery ; Farmland ; Maize ; Soybeans ; Rice ; Vegetation ; Land cover ; Mapping ; Landsat ; Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer ; Forecasting / China / Heilongjiang
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049991)
(14.30 MB)
Timely and accurate information on crop planting areas is critical for estimating crop production, and earlier crop mapping can benefit decision-making related to crop insurance, land rental, supply-chain logistics, and food market. Previous efforts generally produce crop planting area maps after harvest and early season cropping information is rarely available. New opportunities emerge with rapid increase in satellite data acquisition and cloud computing platform such as Google Earth Engine (GEE) which can access and process a vast volume of multi-sensor images. Here we aimed to examine earliest identifiable timing (EIT) of major crops (rice, soybean, and corn) and generate early season crop maps independent of within-year field surveys in the Heilongjiang province, one most important province of grain production in China. The Random Forest classifiers were trained based on early season images and field samples in 2017, then were transferred (applied) to corresponding images in 2018 to obtain resultant maps. Six scenarios with different temporal intervals (10d, 15d, 20d, and 30d) and data integration (Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1, a total of 16, 450 images) were compared to get the optimal crop maps. The results showed that the Sentinel-2 time series and 10-day composite outperformed in obtaining EITs and crop maps. We found various EITs for the three grain staples. Specifically, rice could be identified in the late transplanting stage (four months before harvest) with F1 score of 0.93, following by corn recognizable in the early heading stage (two months before harvest, with F1 score of 0.92) and soybean in the early pod setting stage (50 days before harvest, with F1 score of 0.91). The crop maps in the EITs based on the classifier transfer approach have comparable accuracies (overall accuracy = 0.91) comparing to the traditional post-season mapping approach based on current year’s all available images and samples (overall accuracy = 0.95). This study suggests the potential of growing fine resolution observations for timely monitoring of crop planting area within season, which provides valuable and timely information for different stakeholders and decision makers.
9 Qi, P.; Xia, Z.; Zhang,G.; Zhang, W.; Chang, Z. 2021. Effects of climate change on agricultural water resource carrying capacity in a high-latitude basin. Journal of Hydrology, 597:126328. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126328]
Agriculture ; Water resources ; Carrying capacity ; Climate change ; Climatic factors ; Precipitation ; Temperature ; Drought ; Meteorological factors ; Evapotranspiration ; Crop production ; Wheat ; Soybeans ; Rice ; Maize ; Food safety ; River basins / China / Nenjiang River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050363)
(15.50 MB)
The agricultural water resource carrying capacity (AWRCC) is affected by climate change now as never before. However, it is still unclear how the AWRCC in high latitudes responses to climate change. In this study, spatiotemporal changes in climatic factors and AWRCC during the crop growing season from 1961 to 2014 in the Nenjiang River Basin (NRB), a high-latitude basin in China, were identified via multivariate statistical analysis. Meanwhile, the impact of climatic factors on AWRCC was analyzed by using cross-wavelet approaches and Pearson correlational analysis. The results showed that temperature has followed an increasing trend, especially the lowest temperature during crop growing season, with a trend of 0.57 /10a in the local region. There was no obvious change trend for precipitation, but the interannual change was large. The drought index increased first and then decreased, which was consistent with the trend of the ET0. Different spatial distributions of water resource carrying for all crops in a region were shown with a variation range of 0.22–0.76 kg/m2 in the NRB. It is worth noting that AWRCC showed an increasing trend, especially in the past decade. Precipitation, ET0, and meteorological drought were all key driving factors affecting AWRCC. The correlation was significant between the crop planting proportion and AWRCC under climate change. Moreover, adjusting the planting proportion of wheat, soybean and rice, and increasing that of maize, would be conducive to improving the AWRCC and facilitating the synergistic development of agriculture and wetlands in NRB.
10 Gardner, A. S.; Gaston, K. J.; Maclean, I. M. D. 2021. Combining qualitative and quantitative methodology to assess prospects for novel crops in a warming climate. Agricultural Systems, 190:103083. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103083]
Crops ; Cultivation ; Assessment ; Climate change ; Temperature ; Farmland ; Farmers ; Borago officinalis ; Soybeans ; Hemp ; Sea kale ; Sweet potatoes ; Microclimate ; Models / England / Cornwall / Isles of Scilly
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050369)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X21000366/pdfft?md5=76ecc004f7310db623d676ce82532ce1&pid=1-s2.0-S0308521X21000366-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050369.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050369.pdf
(2.76 MB) (2.76 MB)
Context: Climate change will alter the global distribution of climatically suitable space for many species, including agricultural crops. In some locations, warmer temperatures may offer opportunities to grow novel, high value crops, but non-climatic factors also inform agricultural decision-making. These non-climatic factors can be difficult to quantify and incorporate into suitability assessments, particularly for uncertain futures.
Objective: To demonstrate how qualitative and quantitative techniques can be combined to assess crop suitability with consideration for climatic and non-climatic factors.
Methods: We carried out a horizon scanning exercise that used Delphi methodology to identify possible novel crops for a region in south-west England. We show how the results of the expert panel assessment could be combined with a crop suitability model that only considered climate to identify the best crops to grow in the region.
Results and conclusions: Whilst improving climate and crop models will enhance the ability to identify environmental constraints to growing novel crops, we propose horizon scanning as a useful tool to understand constraints on crop suitability that are beyond the parameterisation of these models and that may affect agricultural decisions.
Significance: A similar combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches to assessing crop suitability could be used to identify potential novel crops in other regions and to support more holistic assessments of crop suitability in a changing world.
Objective: To demonstrate how qualitative and quantitative techniques can be combined to assess crop suitability with consideration for climatic and non-climatic factors.
Methods: We carried out a horizon scanning exercise that used Delphi methodology to identify possible novel crops for a region in south-west England. We show how the results of the expert panel assessment could be combined with a crop suitability model that only considered climate to identify the best crops to grow in the region.
Results and conclusions: Whilst improving climate and crop models will enhance the ability to identify environmental constraints to growing novel crops, we propose horizon scanning as a useful tool to understand constraints on crop suitability that are beyond the parameterisation of these models and that may affect agricultural decisions.
Significance: A similar combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches to assessing crop suitability could be used to identify potential novel crops in other regions and to support more holistic assessments of crop suitability in a changing world.
11 Wing, I. S.; Cian, E. D.; Mistry, M. N. 2021. Global vulnerability of crop yields to climate change. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 109:102462. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2021.102462]
Climate change ; Crop yield ; Vulnerability ; Adaptation ; Agroclimatic zones ; Precipitation ; Temperature ; Soybeans ; Maize ; Rice ; Spring wheat ; Winter wheat ; Econometric models / Americas / Africa / Asia / Europe / USA
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050417)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095069621000450/pdfft?md5=0cd5f414756599786b1b755546364e16&pid=1-s2.0-S0095069621000450-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050417.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050417.pdf
(5.21 MB) (5.21 MB)
Using a newly-available panel dataset of gridded annual crop yields in conjunction with a dynamic econometric model that distinguishes between farmers' short-run and long-run responses to weather shocks and accounts for adaptation, we investigate the risk to global crop yields from climate warming. Over broad spatial domains we observe only slight moderation of short-run impacts by farmers' long-run adjustments. In the absence of additional margins of adaptation beyond those pursued historically, projections constructed using an ensemble of 21 climate model simulations suggest that the climate change could reduce global crop yields by 3–12% by mid-century and 11–25% by century's end, under a vigorous warming scenario.
12 Masanganise, J.; Kunz, R.; Clulow, A. D.; Mabhaudhi, T.; Savage, M. J. 2022. Evapotranspiration estimates of soybean using surface renewal: comparison with crop coefficient approach. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 128:103244. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2022.103244]
Evapotranspiration ; Estimation ; Soybeans ; Energy balance ; Sensible heat ; Latent heat ; Micrometeorology ; Crops ; Plant developmental stages ; Soil water content ; Weather data ; Air temperature / South Africa / KwaZulu-Natal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051442)
(0.88 MB)
Evapotranspiration (ET) is widely considered the main consumptive water use in agricultural production and its accurate determination enables crop producers to make informed decisions. Field experiments were conducted in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa to estimate soybean ET from sensible and latent heat flux obtained using the surface renewal (SR) method. Two versions of the SR method (SR2) were used. One version combines SR analysis with Monin-Obukhov similarity theory (MOST), hereinafter referred to as SRMOST. The other is a combination of SR analysis and dissipation theory (DT) referred to as SRDT. The ET estimated using SRMOST and SRDT (ETSRMOST and ETSRDT respectively) were compared to the ET obtained using the standard crop coefficient (Kc) approach (ETKc). During flowering, pod formation and seed filling, both SRMOST and SRDT methods slightly overestimated ET obtained using Kc approach with an average normalised root mean square error (NRMSE) of 23.4% and an average normalised mean absolute error (NMAE) of 10.1% for SRMOST and 21.7 and 9.4% for SRDT respectively. During senescence and at maturity, SRMOST and SRDT slightly underestimated ET compared to Kc approach. The average statistical measures for SRMOST were NRMSE = 21.0% and NMAE = 9.2%. Correspondingly, the statistics for SRDT were 17.5 and 7.1% respectively. Both SR2 methods estimated the minimum ET more accurately compared to the maximum. The SRDT method was more in agreement with Kc approach. Surface renewal is robust, less expensive than other micrometeorological techniques and a reliable method for deriving evapotranspiration of soybean when crop coefficients are problematic.
13 Mehla, M. K.; Kothari, M.; Singh, P. K.; Bhakar, S. R.; Yadav, K. K. 2022. Assessment of water footprint for a few major crops in Banas River Basin of Rajasthan. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 14(4):1264-1271. [doi: https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i4.3896]
Water footprint ; Crop production ; Barley ; Wheat ; Rice ; Millets ; Cotton ; Soybeans ; Pearl millet ; Chickpeas ; Water use ; Water scarcity ; Water productivity ; Crop modelling / India / Rajasthan / Banas River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051598)
https://journals.ansfoundation.org/index.php/jans/article/view/3896/2357
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051598.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051598.pdf
(0.81 MB) (828 KB)
Water security is essential for socio-economic development, ecosystem management, and environmental sustainability. An improved understanding of the relationships between water demand and supply is needed to mitigate the impacts of diminishing water resources. The present study aimed to assess the crop water footprint of sixteen major crops in the basin namely, bajra/ pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), cotton (Gossypium herbaceum L.), gram/chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), guar/cluster beans (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.), jowar/ sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), lentil/ masoor (Lens culinaris L.), maize (Zea mays L.), mungbean (Vigna radiata L.), rapeseed & mustard (Brassica napus L.), rice/paddy (Oryza sativa L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), urad/ black gram (Vigna mungo L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was estimated during 2008-2020 in the Banas river basin of Rajasthan. The average annual water footprint of crop production varied from 11365.8-23131.5 MCM/yr (Mean 19254.5 MCM/yr) during the study period. Wheat, bajra, maize, rapeseed & mustard make up 67.4 % of the total average annual water footprint of crop production. The blue water footprint of crop production was 3942.1 MCM/yr, with wheat, rapeseed & mustard accounting for almost 87.0 % of the average annual blue water footprint. Blue, green and grey water footprints comprised 20.8, 69.7 and 9.5 % of the total WF of crop production in the basin, respectively. This assessment can play a significant role in developing better policies for properly managing water footprints for sustainable crop production in the basin.
14 Prasad, P.; Gupta, P.; Belsare, H.; Mahendra, C. M.; Bhopale, M.; Deshmukh, S.; Sohoni, M. 2023. Mapping farmer vulnerability to target interventions for climate-resilient agriculture: science in practice. Water Policy, wp2023036. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2023.036]
Climate resilience ; Farmers ; Vulnerability ; Crop water use ; Soybeans ; Water stress ; Soil moisture ; Transdisciplinary research ; Protective irrigation ; Villages ; Policies ; Evapotranspiration ; Water balance ; Irrigation ; Soil texture ; Models ; Climate change / India / Maharashtra / Adgaon / Yavatmal / Mangrul / Nanded
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052114)
https://iwaponline.com/wp/article-pdf/doi/10.2166/wp.2023.036/1268773/wp2023036.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052114.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052114.pdf
(0.96 MB) (980 KB)
Farmers in dryland regions are highly vulnerable to rainfall variability. This vulnerability is unequal, as it is mediated by biophysical and social factors. Implementing policies for climate resilience requires identification of farmers who are most vulnerable to extreme events like dry spells. We develop a novel approach by conceptualizing dry spell vulnerability at the farm scale in terms of monsoon crop water deficit. Using inputs of weather, terrain, soil properties, land-use-land-cover, crop properties, and cadastral maps, our tool models an hourly soil water balance at 30 m × 30 m resolution and maps the crop water deficit under rainfed conditions. This is a good indicator of the relative sensitivity of farmers to dry spells and allows prioritization of interventions within the focus region. Our tool, developed and deployed within the Maharashtra State Project on Climate-Resilient Agriculture, is iteratively calibrated and refined. We present the result of one such iteration where 72% of cases were found to have an agreement between the modelled output and farmers' perception of dry spell-induced crop water stress. Our work demonstrates how vulnerability to climate hazards may be mapped at micro-scales to assist policy makers in targeting interventions in ecologically fragile regions with high rainfall variability.
15 ur Rehman, K.; Hollah, C.; Wiesotzki, K.; ur Rehman, R.; Ur Rehman, A.; Zhang, J.; Zheng, L.; Nienaber, T.; Heinz, V.; Aganovic, K. 2023. Black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens as a potential innovative and environmentally friendly tool for organic waste management: a mini-review. Waste Management and Research, 41(1):81-97. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X221105441]
Food waste ; Organic wastes ; Organic fertilizers ; Waste management ; Fermentation ; Technology ; Black soldier fly ; Hermetia illucens ; Biodiesel ; Recycling ; Soybeans ; Food security ; Fossil fuels ; Food production ; Bioconversion ; Livestock ; Aquaculture ; Biomass ; Greenhouse gas emissions
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052129)
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/reader/10.1177/0734242X221105441
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052129.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052129.pdf
(2.58 MB) (2.58 MB)
The application of black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens based technology to process organic wastes presents a practical option for organic waste management by producing feed materials (protein, fat), biodiesel, chitin and biofertilizer. Therefore, BSF organic wastes recycling is a sustainable and cost-effective process that promotes resource recovery, and generates valuable products, thereby creating new economic opportunities for the industrial sector and entrepreneurs. Specifically, we discussed the significance of BSF larvae (BSFL) in the recycling of biowaste. Despite the fact that BSFL may consume a variety of wastes materials, whereas, certain lignocellulosic wastes, such as dairy manure, are deficient in nutrients, which might slow BSFL development. The nutritional value of larval feeding substrates may be improved by mixing in nutrient-rich substrates like chicken manure or soybean curd residue, for instance. Similarly, microbial fermentation may be used to digest lignocellulosic waste, releasing nutrients that are needed for the BSFL. In this mini-review, a thorough discussion has been conducted on the various waste biodegraded by the BSFL, their co-digestion and microbial fermentation of BSFL substrate, as well as the prospective applications and safety of the possible by-products that may be generated at the completion of the treatment process. Furthermore, this study examines the present gaps and challenges on the direction to the efficient application of BSF for waste management and the commercialization of its by-products.
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