Your search found 6 records
1 Villholth, Karen G.; Ganeshamoorthy, G.; Rundblad, C. M.; Knudsen, T. S. 2013. Smallholder groundwater irrigation in Sub-Saharan Africa: an interdisciplinary framework applied to the Usangu Plains, Tanzania. Hydrogeology Journal, 21(7):1481-1495. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-013-1016-x]
Groundwater irrigation ; Groundwater development ; Smallholders ; Plains ; Socioeconomic environment ; Irrigated farming ; Farmland ; Water drilling ; Pumps ; Poverty ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Policy / Sub-Saharan Africa / Tanzania / Usangu Plains
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045947)
(0.49 MB)
A simple but comprehensive framework for analysing the potential for and constraints to groundwater development for irrigated agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa is proposed. The framework, based on food value chain principles, is applied to the sub-Saharan context and a specific catchment in Tanzania, the Usangu plains, where groundwater has been proposed as a strategic resource for augmenting food production and smallholder livelihoods and to alleviate seasonal water scarcity. The novel contribution of the work is the presentation of a tool that can be applied to support an interdisciplinary approach to systematically identify most significant barriers and most critical water management and development interventions for sustainable development of groundwater irrigation. The result of the case study shows that farmer economics, capacity, and pump and well drilling market constraints limit groundwater irrigation in the Usangu plains rather than hydrogeological conditions.
2 El-Agha, Doaa E.; Closas, Alvar; Molle, Francois. 2017. Below the radar: the boom of groundwater use in the central part of the Nile Delta in Egypt. Hydrogeology Journal, 25(6):1621-1631. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-017-1570-8]
Socioeconomic environment ; Legislation ; Groundwater extraction ; Groundwater irrigation ; Groundwater development ; Water use ; Domestic water ; Industrial uses ; Radar ; Deltas ; Water drilling ; Wells ; Irrigated land ; Farmers ; Surface water ; Aquifers ; Economic aspects ; Spatial distribution ; Salinity / Egypt / Nile Delta
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048137)
The Nile Delta of Egypt is known for its large irrigated area supplied with water diverted from the Nile River, with a limited use of groundwater, largely for domestic and industrial use. Official statistics for the whole delta indicate that there are a few thousand individual wells used for agriculture by a population of over 2 million farmers. This study, however, shows that a phenomenon of groundwater development for irrigation has been unfolding over the last few years, largely below the radar of managers and researchers. A survey was carried out in the central part of the delta with the objective of (1) uncovering the actual situation of groundwater use in this part of the delta and (2) speculating on its implications. The results of the survey pointed to a recent and booming tube-well drilling industry, with well densities in some parts reaching one well every 2 ha. The development of groundwater abstraction in the central delta is strongly linked to inadequate and/or untimely availability of surface water in the canals. A technical, economic, and management characterization of wells complements the study, showing a continuum between purely private/individual ownership of wells and collective investments and management. Lastly, the article explores the implications of unchecked abstraction at the farm, local and delta scales.
3 Owusu, Seth; Cofie, Olufunke O.; Osei-Owusu, P. K.; Awotwe-Pratt, V.; Mul, Marloes L. 2017. Adapting aquifer storage and recovery technology to the flood-prone areas of northern Ghana for dry-season irrigation. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 35p. (IWMI Working Paper 176) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2017.214]
Aquifers ; Water storage ; Water acquisitions ; Water use ; Waterlogging ; Water drilling ; Water quality ; Groundwater extraction ; Groundwater irrigation ; Groundwater recharge ; Floodplains ; Dry season ; Artificial recharge ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation methods ; Filtration ; Environmental impact ; Socioeconomic environment ; Land use ; Sloping land ; Soil properties ; Soil types ; Geology ; Hydrological factors ; Hydraulic conductivity ; Food security ; Farmers ; Farmland ; Seasonal cropping ; Crop production ; Local communities ; Costs / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048222)
(763 KB)
The Bhungroo Irrigation Technology (BIT) is a system designed to infiltrate excess ‘standing’ floodwater to be stored underground and abstracted for irrigation during the dry season. The system was developed in India and piloted in three sites in northern Ghana. This paper documents the implementation of BIT, the operating principles and criteria for selecting appropriate sites for the installation of such systems, as well as the potential benefits complementing existing irrigation systems in Ghana. Essential requirements for the installation of BIT include biophysical features such as land-use type, soil type, surface hydrology and slope of the terrain. The hydrogeological characteristics of the subsoil are also vital, and must exhibit high storage capacity and potential for groundwater accessibility. To be profitable and generate benefits for farmers, the technology needs to be situated in close proximity to markets and must have public acceptance.
4 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). Environmental and Water Resources Institute (EWRI). 2001. Standard guidelines for artificial recharge of ground water. Reston, VA, USA: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). 106p. (ASCE Standard: EWRI/ASCE 34-01)
Groundwater recharge ; Artificial recharge ; Standards ; Guidelines ; Groundwater management ; Water resources ; Water availability ; Well construction ; Water drilling ; Aquifers ; Subsurface runoff ; Infiltration ; Wastewater treatment ; Water reuse ; Water quality ; Water rights ; Regulations ; Resource evaluation ; Testing ; Models ; Maintenance ; Hydrogeology ; Dams ; Environmental Impact Assessment ; Social participation ; Economic analysis ; Costs
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 627.56 G000 AME Record No: H048606)
(0.51 MB)
5 International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2021. Prices, loans or ambiguity? Factors influencing groundwater irrigation adoption in Ethiopia. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 4p. (IWMI Water Policy Brief 42) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.225]
Groundwater irrigation ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Water pricing ; Loans ; Pumps ; Private ownership ; Groundwater extraction ; Boreholes ; Wells ; Water drilling ; Solar energy ; Irrigated land ; Climate change ; Forecasting ; Policies ; Hunger ; Smallholders / Ethiopia / Amhara / Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region (SNNPR) / Dera / Lemo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050809)
(1.37 MB)
Governments in sub-Saharan Africa promote the expansion of irrigation to improve food security, primarily through the adoption and use of groundwater-based smallholder private irrigation. Using the case of Ethiopia, we examine farmers’ willingness to adopt smallholder private irrigation packages in response to subsidies on pump prices, loan availability and reduction in ambiguities related to borehole drilling. The results of the research highlight that subsidizing pump prices may not be the best use of public funds to expand irrigation. Instead, decreasing ambiguities around borehole drilling is likely to play a significant role and is a cost-effective step toward expanding groundwater-based irrigation and increasing the adoption of pumps by small-scale farmers. The policy implication is that the government should help farmers minimize the uncertainties and cost of unsuccessful drilling. This will require the government to study groundwater hydrogeology, use information on groundwater depth, seasonality and recharge to drill boreholes, and absorb the costs of unsuccessful drilling.
6 Balasubramanya, S.; Buisson, Marie-Charlotte; Mitra, Archisman; Stifel, D. 2023. Price, credit or ambiguity? Increasing small-scale irrigation in Ethiopia. World Development, 163:106149. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.106149]
Small-scale irrigation ; Smallholders ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Groundwater irrigation ; Pumps ; Prices ; Credit ; Boreholes ; Water drilling ; Taxes ; Loans / Africa South of Sahara / Ethiopia / Amhara / Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051554)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X22003394/pdfft?md5=77d5c3eab1cf338b2c855edce5cc7cc1&pid=1-s2.0-S0305750X22003394-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051554.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051554.pdf
(1.75 MB) (1.75 MB)
Governments in countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are keen to expand irrigation to improve food security and are placing particular emphasis on adoption and use of smallholder private groundwater irrigation. Yet private irrigation is a multi-stage technology, the adoption of which is affected by fiscal support and extension services offered on different investment stages but also by uncertainties around actions that need to be undertaken in these stages. Groundwater-based irrigation in Ethiopia presents a case where policy has focused on fiscally easing the purchase of pumps while considerable ambiguity (unquantifiable uncertainty) exists around the outcomes of drilling boreholes (reaching water). In this paper, we examine farmers’ willingness to adopt smallholder private irrigation packages in response to lower pump prices following tax breaks, loan availability, and reduction in ambiguities related to borehole drilling, using a discrete choice experiment (DCE) in two districts of Ethiopia. The results indicate that the provision of loans and reduction in ambiguities related to well drilling have the greatest effect on the probability of farmers adopting irrigation packages. Lowering pump prices has the smallest effect. Pump-type has a small effect, with energized pumps preferred over manual ones. In exploring heterogeneity in preferences, we find that farmers without irrigated plots and those with greater market access have a greater preference for the provision of loans, while those with greater market access also have greater preferences for reductions in well drilling ambiguities. The results of this choice experiment suggest that reducing ambiguities around well drilling (initial investments) is an essential and cost-effective step toward expanding groundwater-based irrigation in Ethiopia.
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