Your search found 32 records
1 World Water Council. 2003. Proceedings of Sessions on “Agriculture, food and water” – The Third World Water Forum (WWF3), 19 and 20 March 2003, Kyoto, Japan. Tokyo, Japan: Japanese Institute of Irrigation and Drainage. 448p.
Irrigated farming ; Rice ; Paddy fields ; Groundwater ; Water pricing ; Irrigation management ; Participatory management ; Water quality ; Water pollution ; Fish / Asia / Japan / China / Cambodia / Indonesia / Korea Republic / Taiwan / Thailand
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7 G570 WOR Record No: H033266)
2 Closas, Alvar; Imache, A.; Mekki, I. 2017. Groundwater governance in Tunisia. A Policy White Paper. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 43p.
Groundwater ; Water governance ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water use ; Water law ; Water policy ; Water pricing ; Irrigation water ; Wells ; Land management / Tunisia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048394)
(1.43 MB)
3 Closas, Alvar; Molle, Francois. 2016. Groundwater governance in the Middle East and North Africa. [Project report of the Groundwater Governance in the Arab World - Taking Stock and Addressing the Challenges]. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 192p. (Groundwater Governance in the Arab World - Report 1)
Groundwater management ; Water governance ; Water resources ; Aquifers ; Groundwater extraction ; Water law ; Regulations ; Decentralization ; Water policy ; Groundwater irrigation ; Surface water ; Agriculture ; Incentives ; Water supply ; Water pricing ; Groundwater depletion ; Water users ; Strategies ; Traditional methods ; Wells ; Community management ; Cooperatives ; Conflict ; State intervention ; Political aspects ; Oases / Middle East / North Africa / Morocco / Algeria / Tunisia / Libya / Egypt / Sudan / Lebanon / Syria / Jordan / Yemen / Saudi Arabia / Bahrain / Oman / Iran / Turkey / Souss Region / Mitidja Plain / Merguellil Basin / Nile Delta / Western Desert / Bekaa Valley / Azraq
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048385)
(4.48 MB)
4 Cumming, T. L.; Shackleton, R. T.; Forster, J.; Dini, J.; Khan, A.; Gumula, M.; Kubiszewski, I. 2017. Achieving the national development agenda and the sustainable development goals (SDGs) through investment in ecological infrastructure: a case study of South Africa. Ecosystem Services, 27(Part B):253-260. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.05.005]
Sustainable Development Goals ; National planning ; Development plans ; Social aspects ; Ecological factors ; Investment ; Water resources ; Water pricing ; Strategies ; International cooperation ; Financing ; Natural resources management ; Ecosystem services ; Biodiversity ; Development programmes ; Land use ; Policy ; Case studies / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048441)
(0.44 MB)
Ecological infrastructure (EI) refers to ecosystems that deliver services to society, functioning as a nature-based equivalent of, or complement to, built infrastructure. EI is critical for socio-economic development, supporting a suite of development imperatives at local, national and international scales. This paper presents the myriad of ways that EI supports sustainable development, using South Africa and the South African National Development Plan as a case study, linking to the Sustainable Development Goals on a global level. We show the need for EI across numerous development and sustainability issues, including food security, water provision, and poverty alleviation.
A strategic and multi-sectoral approach to EI investment is essential for allocating scarce public and private resources for achieving economic and social-ecological priorities. Opportunities to unlock investment in EI, both internationally and on the national level, are identified. This includes leveraging private sector investment into landscape management and integrating the costs of managing EI into public sectors that benefit directly from ecosystem services, such as the water sector and infrastructure development. Additionally, investing in EI also aligns well with international development and climate change funds. Investment in EI from a range of innovative sources supports global and national development, while complementing other development investments.
A strategic and multi-sectoral approach to EI investment is essential for allocating scarce public and private resources for achieving economic and social-ecological priorities. Opportunities to unlock investment in EI, both internationally and on the national level, are identified. This includes leveraging private sector investment into landscape management and integrating the costs of managing EI into public sectors that benefit directly from ecosystem services, such as the water sector and infrastructure development. Additionally, investing in EI also aligns well with international development and climate change funds. Investment in EI from a range of innovative sources supports global and national development, while complementing other development investments.
5 Aarnoudse, E.; Bluemling, B. 2017. Controlling groundwater through smart card machines: the case of water quotas and pricing mechanisms in Gansu Province, China. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 20p. (Groundwater Solutions Initiative for Policy and Practice (GRIPP) Case Profile Series 02) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2016.224]
Groundwater development ; Groundwater management ; Groundwater extraction ; Water quotas ; Water pricing ; Water use ; Water law ; Water quality ; Water policy ; Surface water ; Farmer participation ; Local authorities ; Regulations ; Pumping ; Agriculture ; Irrigated farming ; Land use / China / Gansu Province
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048448)
(845.66 KB)
The second issue of the GRIPP Case Profile Series documents the use of water quotas and pricing mechanisms in Northwest China to control and manage groundwater. Since the 1970s, this region has experienced intensive groundwater abstraction by smallholder farmers. In 2002, however, the revised Water Law urged local authorities to regulate groundwater use in regions with overdraft. The Case Profile reviews, in detail, the use of smart card machines installed on wells by the local government to control abstraction. The study compares the situation in two counties where local authorities opted for two different types of regulatory mechanisms enabled by the smart cards: Minqin County - where they chose quotas, and Guazhou County - where they opted for a tiered water pricing system. This Case Profile highlights how the success of smart card machines depends on the design and implementation of the regulatory mechanism behind the machines. In Minqin, quotas have successfully affected farmers’ groundwater use practices, whereas in Guazhou, water pricing has had little impact on farmers’ individual groundwater use practices. Moreover, the case of Minqin exemplifies that quotas enable equitable water access to all farmers and maintain the buffer function of conjunctive surface water and groundwater use. These are important principles to design effective groundwater regulation policies, both in and outside China.
6 Kumar, M. D.; Pandit, C. M. 2018. India’s water management debate: is the ‘civil society’ making it everlasting? International Journal of Water Resources Development, 34(1):28-41. (Special issue: Politics and Policies for Water Resources Management in India). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2016.1204536]
Water management ; Civil societies ; Water supply ; Domestic water ; Water use ; Water harvesting ; Traditional methods ; Irrigation systems ; Water pricing ; Groundwater ; Canals ; Dams ; Irrigated farming ; Rainfed farming ; Energy / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048473)
(1.08 MB)
This article discusses the bias of the growing constituency of civil society activists in India against conventional water management solutions implemented by the government, and the ‘alternatives’ they champion, which force the government to enter into an endless debate with these groups. The article goes into the fundamental reasons for this bias, and identifies four types of civil society activist: ‘professional’, ‘ideologue’, ‘romantic’ and ‘doomsday prophet’. The article also argues that water bureaucracies in India should adopt evidence-based policy making, subjecting the ‘alternatives’ to the same degree of scrutiny as the conventional ones, to end the policy dilemma, while enhancing the overall quality of design, execution and management of projects for better outcomes.
7 Narayanamoorthy, A. 2018. Financial performance of India’s irrigation sector: a historical analysis. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 34(1):116-131. (Special issue: Politics and Policies for Water Resources Management in India). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2017.1298998]
Irrigation systems ; Financing ; Performance evaluation ; Macroeconomic analysis ; Cost recovery ; Water pricing ; Reforms ; Irrigation programs ; Irrigation canals ; Water user associations / India / Maharashtra
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048484)
(1.17 MB)
India’s public irrigation sector is one of the largest in the world in terms of number of large reservoirs, total storage capacity and irrigated area. But poor financial performance has been threatening its sustainability. Hence, many changes have been introduced in the area of water pricing over the years. But studies that focus on the issue of financial recovery are scanty. Analysis presented in the article shows that despite a substantial increase in area under irrigation, there has been a consistent decline in revenue generated from irrigation fee collection across states. The recovery rate of irrigation fees has been better in less developed states than in more developed states.
8 Horbulyk, Ted; Price, Joseph P. G. 2018. Pricing reforms for sustainable water use and management in the Philippines. Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Resources and Markets Branch. 81p.
Sustainability ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Water use ; Water management ; Water supply ; Water delivery ; Water rates ; Water pricing ; Water quality ; Water levels ; Drinking water ; Investment ; Financing ; Rural communities ; Urban population ; Regulations ; Sanitation ; Subsidies ; Poverty / Philippines
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048609)
(989 KB)
9 Leshan, J.; He, L.; Ying, L.; Dan, D. 2017. Case study on the use of information and communication technology in the management of rural groundwater in China. Bangkok, Thailand: FAO; Beijing, China: China Agricultural University. 66p.
Groundwater management ; Rural areas ; Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) ; Technological changes ; Groundwater irrigation ; Water resources ; Irrigation water ; Agriculture ; Water use ; Water pricing ; Cost benefit analysis ; Cash flow ; Energy ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Villages ; State intervention ; Econometric models ; Case studies / China / Dashigezhuang / Nanzhaogezhuang / Xinjuntun / Fuxinzhuang / Xiaocuigezhuang / Nannie / Xiazhuang / Dacaozhuang
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048706)
(4.98 MB) (4.98 MB)
10 Al-Rubaye, S. 2019. Agricultural irrigation pricing: review of theories and practices. Irrigation and Drainage, 68(2):129-139. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2296]
Irrigation water ; Agricultural production ; Water pricing ; Water market ; Water rates ; Quotas ; Water costs ; Water policy ; Economic value ; Efficiency ; Water use ; Equity ; Sustainability ; Case studies / Iraq
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048933)
(0.81 MB)
Water pricing and substitution of the costs of irrigation investment operation and maintenance have been controversial issues for a long time. The small charges for irrigation water are addressed, and additionally, the low level of farmers who pay the costs. In a few schemes, expense accumulation rates are close to zero, notwithstanding when water charges are well beneath the cost of operation and maintenance. Water prices are charged to farmers for two essential objectives. The first is to cover the operation and maintenance estimation with the goal that the investment is fiscally practical. Much of the time, costs will likewise need to incorporate a price for the cost of capital required to develop the scheme. This charge for capital is fundamental for future irrigation system investment. The second reason involves estimation to help farmers utilize less water per unit of yield or to deliver more prominent net economic returns per unit of water, or both.
This paper summarizes irrigation water pricing methodologies and the related academic literature. Three water pricing methods are presented: volumetric, non-volumetric and water market. For each methodology, potential impacts on water usage are postulated and supported by a summary of the academic literature. In addition, a summarized case study of irrigation water-pricing practices and effects in Iraq is presented.
This paper summarizes irrigation water pricing methodologies and the related academic literature. Three water pricing methods are presented: volumetric, non-volumetric and water market. For each methodology, potential impacts on water usage are postulated and supported by a summary of the academic literature. In addition, a summarized case study of irrigation water-pricing practices and effects in Iraq is presented.
11 Shah, Tushaar; Rajan, Abhishek; Rai, Gyan Prakash; Verma, Shilp; Durga, Neha. 2018. Solar pumps and South Asia's energy-groundwater nexus: exploring implications and reimagining its future. Environmental Research Letters, 13(11):1-13. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aae53f]
Groundwater irrigation ; Groundwater depletion ; Water governance ; Water scarcity ; Water pricing ; Water policy ; Solar energy ; Pumps ; Nexus ; Energy consumption ; Surface water ; Irrigation water ; Economic aspects ; Market economies ; Poverty ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Tube wells / South Asia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048971)
http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aae53f/pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048971.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048971.pdf
(2.11 MB)
South Asia's groundwater economy stands at the threshold of a revolution in adoption of solar irrigation pumps (SIPs). This has potential to unlock the region's perverse energy-groundwater nexus. In much of South Asia, the price of energy used in irrigation, the only surrogate for water price, fails to signal the abundance or scarcity of groundwater, resulting in myriad distortions. We analyse these in South Asia's eight distinct energy-groundwater interaction settings. We then explore SIP promotion policies to ease pressure on scarce groundwater in South Asia's 'groundwater depletion zone' and accelerate groundwater irrigation for poverty reduction in its 'groundwater abundance zone'.
12 Mottaleb, K. A.; Krupnik, T. J.; Keil, A.; Erenstein, O. 2019. Understanding clients, providers and the institutional dimensions of irrigation services in developing countries: a study of water markets in Bangladesh. Agricultural Water Management, 222:242-253. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.05.038]
Irrigation management ; Water market ; Water pricing ; User charges ; Developing countries ; Groundwater ; Pumps ; Tube wells ; Farmers ; Human capital ; Social capital ; Seasonal cropping ; Rice ; Surface water ; Institutions ; Risk management ; Sustainability ; Models / Bangladesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049294)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377418306620/pdfft?md5=8dc52896fbc756e5dd42214a7992ff74&pid=1-s2.0-S0378377418306620-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049294.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049294.pdf
(3.14 MB) (3.14 MB)
Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated nations that nonetheless has largely achieved staple self-sufficiency. This development has been enabled in part by the rapid proliferation of small-scale irrigation pumps that enabled double rice cropping, as well as by a competitive market system in which farmers purchase water at affordable fee-for-service prices from private irrigation pump owners. Excess groundwater abstraction in areas of high shallow tube-well density and increased fuel costs for pumping have however called into question the sustainability of Bangladesh’s groundwater irrigation economy. Cost-saving agronomic methods are called for, alongside aligned policies, markets, and farmers’ incentives. The study assesses different institutions and water-pricing methods for irrigation services that have emerged in Bangladesh, each of which varies in their incentive structure for water conservation, and the level of economic risk involved for farmers and service providers. Using primary data collected from 139 irrigation service providers and 556 client-farmers, we empirically examine the structure of irrigation service types and associated market and institutional dimensions. Our findings demonstrate that competition among pump owners, social capital and personal relationships, and economic and agronomic risk perceptions of both pump owners and farmers significantly influence the structure of irrigation services and water pricing methods. Greater competition among pump owners increases the likelihood of pay-per-hour services and reduces the likelihood of crop harvest sharing arrangements. Based on these findings, we explore policy implications for enhancing irrigation services and irrigation sustainability in Bangladesh.
13 Akramov, Bekzod; Anarbekov, Oyture. 2019. Full cost recovery principle of water use at river basin level: a literature review. Project report prepared under the European Union Programme on Sustainable Management of Water Resources in Rural Areas in Uzbekistan. Component 1: National policy framework for water governance and Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). Tashkent, Uzbekistan: European Union; Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. 19p.
Water use efficiency ; River basins ; Cost recovery ; Literature reviews ; Irrigation water ; Agriculture ; Water pricing ; Groundwater ; Water authorities ; Water supply ; Farmers ; Private farms ; Social costs ; Environmental effects / Uzbekistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049444)
(3.67 MB)
14 Mekonnen, A.; Gebreegziabher, Z.; Beyene, A. D.; Hagos, Fitsum. 2020. Valuation of access to irrigation water in rural Ethiopia: application of choice experiment and contingent valuation methods. Water Economics and Policy, 6(1):1-26. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1142/S2382624X19500073]
Irrigation water ; Water availability ; Contingent valuation ; Rural areas ; Water pricing ; Willingness to pay ; Estimation ; Irrigation schemes ; Irrigation programs ; Seasonal cropping ; Water use ; Farmers ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Models / Ethiopia / Koga Irrigation Project
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049466)
(0.57 MB)
Smallholder farmers in Africa rely heavily on rainfed agriculture. Those who have access to irrigation often receive it at no charge, but quantity, frequency and reliability may be limited without adequate revenue for maintenance and operation. Moreover, the absence of fees means that there are no pricing signals to encourage conservation of this scarce resource. In a situation where farmers do not pay for irrigation water use, this study investigates demand-side issues by eliciting farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for access to irrigation water. This study employs choice experiment (CE) and contingent valuation methods (CVMs) to value access to irrigation water, taking Ethiopia as a case in point. Unlike previous studies, this study covers current users and non-users of irrigation water using the same baseline (status quo) conditions — no irrigation — and compares the preferences of these two groups. The four attributes identified in the CE are number of crop seasons, frequency of watering in a season, crop type, and payment level. Results show that marginal WTP was Birr 17.7 (US$ 0.98), 261.8 (US$ 14.54) and 87.6 (US$ 4.87) for number of crop seasons, watering frequency in a season and crop type, respectively. Our estimates of farmers’ WTP for operation and maintenance of irrigation schemes per hectare of irrigated land range from Birr 738 (US$ 41.00) (from the CE) to Birr 784 (US$ 43.56) (from the CVM). We also find that, compared to current users, non-users were willing to pay more in general, as well as for the number of crop seasons specifically.
15 Allan, J. A.; Amarnath, Giriraj; Balasubramanya, Soumya; Dharmasena, P. B.; Gaasbeek, T. 2018. Colombo Development Dialogues 2: water security and climate variability. Colombo, Sri Lanka: United Nations Development Programme; London, UK: London School of Economics and Political Science. South Asia Centre. 19p.
Water security ; Climate change ; Resilience ; Virtual water ; Water management ; Water use ; Groundwater ; Water pricing ; Water policy ; Water institutions ; Private sector ; Flooding ; Rain ; Farmers ; Gender ; Women ; Agricultural planning / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049506)
https://www.lk.undp.org/content/dam/srilanka/docs/localpublications/UNDPLKA_CDD2%20Policy%20Paper_E.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049506.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049506.pdf
(9.89 MB) (9.89 MB)
16 Shah, Manisha; Chowdhury, S. D.; Shah, Tushaar. 2018. Pro-poor farm power policy for West Bengal: analytical background for a policy pilot in Monoharpur village, West Bengal. In Swain, M.; Kalamkar, S. S. (Eds). Water governance in India: issues and concerns. New Delhi, India: Allied Publishers. pp.265-276.
Groundwater irrigation ; Electricity ; Energy consumption ; Shallow tube wells ; Pumps ; Water market ; Water rates ; Water pricing ; Tariffs ; Water policy ; Farmers ; Economic aspects ; Villages / India / West Bengal / Monoharpur
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049510)
(3.36 MB)
17 Alamanos, A.; Sfyris, S.; Fafoutis, C.; Mylopoulos, N. 2020. Urban water demand assessment for sustainable water resources management, under climate change and socioeconomic changes. Water Supply, 20(20):679-687. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.199]
Water demand ; Urban areas ; Assessment ; Sustainability ; Water resources ; Water management ; Forecasting ; Water supply ; Water use ; Water pricing ; Water balance ; Climate change ; Socioeconomic environment ; Models / Greece / Volos
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049622)
(0.54 MB)
The relationship between water abstraction and water availability has turned into a major stress factor in the urban exploitation of water resources. The situation is expected to be sharpened in the future due to the intensity of extreme meteorological phenomena, and socio-economic changes affecting water demand. In the city of Volos, Greece, the number of water counters has been tripled during the last four decades. This study attempts to simulate the city's network, supply system and water demand through a forecasting model. The forecast was examined under several situations, based on climate change and socio-economic observations of the city, using meteorological, water pricing, users' income, level of education, family members, floor and residence size variables. The most interesting outputs are: (a) the impact of each variable in the water consumption and (b) water balance under four management scenarios, indicating the future water management conditions of the broader area, including demand and supply management. The results proved that rational water management can lead to remarkable water conservation. The simulation of real scenarios and future situations in the city's water demand and balance, is the innovative element of the study, making it capable of supporting the local water utility.
18 Balasubramanya, Soumya; Stifel, David. 2020. Viewpoint: water, agriculture and poverty in an era of climate change: why do we know so little? Food Policy, 93:101905. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2020.101905]
Agricultural water use ; Poverty ; Nexus ; Climate change adaptation ; Groundwater extraction ; Water quality ; Water management ; Water use efficiency ; Irrigation water ; Irrigation efficiency ; Water productivity ; Water pricing ; Water rights ; Farmers ; Economic aspects ; Technology ; Developing countries
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049664)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306919220301093/pdfft?md5=73af5eea85ee71b890a6faac3a394103&pid=1-s2.0-S0306919220301093-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049664.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049664.pdf
(0.64 MB) (651 KB)
Understanding the complex relationship between water, agriculture and poverty (WAP) is essential for informed policy-making in light of increasing demand for scarce water resources and greater climatic variability. Yet, our understanding of the WAP nexus remains surprisingly undeveloped and dispersed across multiple disciplines due to conceptual (biophysical and economic) and measurement issues. We argue that water for agriculture will need to be better managed for it to contribute to reductions in poverty and vulnerabilities. Moreover, this management will need to consider not just quantities of water, but the quality of the water and the multiple agricultural and non-agricultural uses. For this reason, expanding research in WAP needs to involve interdisciplinary efforts. We identify three key knowledge gaps in WAP that are particularly pressing in light of greater climatic variability. These are climate change adaptation, over-abstraction of groundwater, and water quality.
19 Shah, Manisha; Daschowdhury, S.; Shah, Tushaar. 2019. Pro-poor agricultural power policy for West Bengal. Paper presented at the 3rd World Irrigation Forum (WIF3) on Development for Water, Food and Nutrition Security in a Competitive Environment, Bali, Indonesia, 1-7 September 2019. 12p.
Energy policies ; Electricity supplies ; Energy consumption ; Tariffs ; Water market ; Water pricing ; Irrigation ; Costs ; Agricultural production ; Rice ; Farmers ; Groundwater ; Shallow tube wells ; Pumps ; Poverty ; Economic aspects ; Villages / India / West Bengal / Birbhum / Monoharpur
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049709)
(0.19 MB) (192 KB)
Sitting on one of the world’s best aquifers, large swathes of West Bengal has groundwater in abundance. Even so, the state’s farmers incur one of the highest irrigation costs in India. In spite of a series of groundwater and electricity policy changes, West Bengal’s farmers fare no better. This paper brings findings from a yearlong research pilot based in Monoharpur village of Birbhum district. The pilot shows how the current electricity tariff structure has made irrigation unaffordable for small and marginal farmers, and has made irrigation services market tightly oligopolistic. If not revised, the agricultural economy, especially that of summer paddy which ensures household security of poor farmers, is likely to taper off in future.
20 Aghaie, V.; Alizadeh, H.; Afshar, A. 2020. Agent-based hydro-economic modelling for analysis of groundwater-based irrigation water market mechanisms. Agricultural Water Management, 234:106140. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106140]
Water market ; Irrigation water ; Groundwater irrigation ; Hydrological factors ; Economic aspects ; Water pricing ; Auctions ; Agent-based models ; Decision making ; Aquifers ; Licences ; Government ; Farmers ; Case studies / Iran Islamic Republic / Rafsanjan Plain
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049682)
(2.42 MB)
Agricultural water markets play a crucial role in arid and semi-arid regions by reallocating water and transferring it from low-value uses to high-value uses. Several markets for surface water and groundwater are functioning all over the world to increase economic well-being of farmers and meet environmental flow requirements. However, there is not a consensus on precisely which market mechanism may be more environmentally and economically beneficial. This study presents an agent-based groundwater market model to analyze the economic and hydrologic impacts of three market mechanisms, designed based on the cap-and-trade scheme, that differ in the price discovery process, two of which are uniform price double-auction and the third is a discriminatory price double-auction. This study also analyzes the hydrologic and economic impacts of water buyback programs. Modeling results, applied to Rafsanjan Plain, an arid region in Iran, show that the discriminatory price double-auction is the most hydrologically and economically advantageous mechanism since it reduces the annual water level drawdown by 38 % and brings about more profits for farmers in comparison with other market mechanisms. Furthermore, the buyback program effectively reduces the inequality of wealth distribution (Gini Index) and increases farmers' net benefit while reducing their surplus.
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