Your search found 91 records
1 Qureshi, A. S.; Akhtar, M.; Asghar, M. N. 2003. Impact of drainage investments on poverty alleviation in Pakistan. Paper No 124. Presented at the 9th International Drainage Workshop, 10-13 September 2003, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 10p.
(Location: IWMI-PAK Call no: IWMI 339.46 G730 QUR Record No: H031148)
http://www.alterra-research.nl/pls/portal30/docs/FOLDER/ILRI/ILRI/WORKSHOP/ABSTRACTS/4.1%20Qureshi%20AS,%20Akhtar%20M%20and%20Asghar%20MN.doc
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H_31148.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H_31148.pdf
Over the last fifty years, huge investments have been made in the drainage sector of Pakistan to lower the watertable to overcome waterlogging and associated soil salinity problems. These investments include construction of 15,000 kilometers long surface drains, installation of 14,000 deep public tubewells and more than nine subsurface horizontal pipe drainage projects. These projects were targeted to reduce poverty in the rural areas through improving land degradation and increased crop production. The impact of these projects is usually evaluated by estimating the areas reclaimed and no real attempts have been made to evaluate their impact on the improvement of socio-economic conditions of the people living in the affected areas. The analysis revealed that these projects have contributed substantially in improving land conditions, which in turn has enhanced the agricultural productivity; thereby increasing farm incomes. Resultantly, in waterlogged and saline areas, the head count poverty has decreased from 20% to 14%. The study suggests that for the more comprehensive evaluation of these drainage investments, all physical, technical, social and environmental benefits should be taken into consideration.
2 Pal, P. K.; Ganguly, B.; Roy, D.; Guha, A.; Hanglem, A.; Mondal, S. 2017. Social and biophysical impacts of watershed development programmes: experiences from a micro-watershed area in India. Water Policy, 19(4):773-785. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2017.189]
Watershed management ; Integrated management ; Development programmes ; Socioeconomic environment ; Biophysics ; Microirrigation ; Drainage ; Water conservation ; Technological changes ; Crop production ; Cropping patterns ; Agricultural productivity ; Dry farming ; Land use ; Farm area / India / West Bengal / Cooch Behar / Rangamati Micro-Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048228)
(0.37 MB)
Rainwater conservation and soil erosion prevention are vital for the economic and financial sustainability of dry land agriculture. An integrated watershed development programme is thus a means of achieving these goals. Presently, integrated watershed management is receiving worldwide recognition as an effective model for watershed planning. A watershed is considered the basic geographical unit for developing any plan by integrating various social, economic, and policy factors with modern science. Hence, it is an approach to develop the basic resources for sustainable life support. The present study was conducted to assess the impacts of the watershed development programme on the social and biophysical aspects in a micro-watershed area of Cooch Behar district, West Bengal, India. This study confirmed that the project had positive effects that strengthened the socio-personal and economic characteristics of the farmers and improved the biophysical environment of the farms. The soil and water conservation efforts have increased the total cultivable area as well as improved the irrigation and drainage facilities in the micro-watershed units, thereby increasing the acreage and productivity of crops.
3 Owusu, Seth; Mul, Marloes L.; Ghansah, Benjamin; Osei-Owusu, P. K.; Awotwe-Pratt, V.; Kadyampakeni, D. 2017. Assessing land suitability for aquifer storage and recharge in northern Ghana using remote sensing and GIS multi-criteria decision analysis technique. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 3(4):1383-1393. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-017-0360-6]
Land suitability ; Aquifers ; Artificial recharge ; Remote sensing ; GIS ; Decision support systems ; Irrigation ; Rainfed farming ; Agricultural productivity ; Agricultural sector ; Water storage ; Water management ; Socioeconomic environment ; Farmers / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048246)
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs40808-017-0360-6.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048246.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048246.pdf
(9.23 MB)
Increasing climate variability and challenge in access to water pose major impediments to rainfed agricultural productivity. Extensive flooding of agricultural lands during the rainy season and lack of water during the 8-month long dry season affect the livelihood of the people in the northern Ghana, a situation that calls for better water management practices. The use of aquifer storage and recharge (ASR) based technique, helps to reduce flooding and improve access to water during the dry season; however such technology has specific requirements for successful implementation. This study assesses suitable areas for the technology in the northern Ghana terrain using multi criteria decision analysis (MCDA) in ArcGIS environment. The result suggests around 66% (48,516 km2) of the crop area in the northern Ghana available for the technology are within moderate to very high suitable sites, of which 44% (29,490 km2) fall into the high and very high suitable sites. This could imply high potential for the artificial groundwater storage system in northern Ghana given other conditions.
4 Dissanayake, S.; Asafu-Adjaye, J.; Mahadeva, R. 2017. Addressing climate change cause and effect on land cover and land use in South Asia. Land Use Policy, 67:352-366. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.06.003]
Climate change mitigation ; Land cover ; Land use ; Agricultural productivity ; Intensification ; Trade liberalization ; Trade policies ; Agricultural prices ; Farmland ; Forestry ; Pastures ; Carbon dioxide ; Emission ; Models ; Databases / South Asia / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048304)
(1.16 MB)
This paper evaluates the role of trade liberalization and agricultural intensification in mitigating climate change cause and effects on land use and emissions using a computable general equilibrium model. Our results indicate that cropland expansion triggered by climate-induced crop productivity changes results in deforestation and increases emissions in South Asia and globally. Global full trade liberalization on all goods is the optimum policy for South Asia despite significant global deforestation, but for the world, unilateral partial trade liberalization on all goods is a more appropriate policy while ensuring a considerable emissions reduction for South Asia. These results indicate that mitigation responses to climate change are location specific and no one trade policy is suitable at the regional and global levels. Lastly, agricultural intensification by improving productivity growth is the best strategy in land-based emissions mitigation, thereby avoiding the transformation of forest and pasture lands for agricultural cultivation both at regional and global levels.
5 Goswami, Alankrita; Rajan, Abhishek; Verma, S.; Shah, Tushaar. 2017. Irrigation and India's crop-milk agrarian economy: a simple recursive model and some early results. IWMI-Tata Water Policy Research Highlight, 2. 12p.
Irrigation methods ; Agricultural productivity ; Crop production ; Dairy industry ; Milk production ; Economic value ; Models ; Groundwater irrigation ; Surface irrigation ; Irrigation canals ; Tank irrigation ; Irrigated land ; Water policy ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Rainfed farming / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048314)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/iwmi-tata/PDFs/iwmi-tata_water_policy_research_highlight-issue_02_2017.pdf
(540 KB)
6 Birhanu, B. Z.; Traore, K.; Gumma, M. K.; Badolo, F.; Tabo, R.; Whitbread, A. M. 2019. A watershed approach to managing rainfed agriculture in the semiarid region of southern Mali: integrated research on water and land use. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 21(5):2459-2485. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-018-0144-9]
Rainfed farming ; Watershed management ; Participatory management ; Water use ; Water conservation ; Soil conservation ; Contour bunding ; Runoff water ; Soil moisture ; Satellite imagery ; Land use ; Land cover mapping ; Semiarid zones ; Agricultural productivity ; Economic analysis ; Stakeholders ; Development programmes / Mali / Kani Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048703)
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10668-018-0144-9.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048703.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048703.pdf
(5.40 MB) (5.40 MB)
Soil and water conservation (SWC) practices like that of erosion control and soil fertility measures were commonly practiced in the semiarid region of southern Mali since the 1980s. The SWC practices were mainly meant to increase water availability in the subsurface, reduce farm water runoff and gully formation and improve nutrient content of the soil, thereby increasing crop yield. Despite such efforts to promote at scale SWC practices, the landscape of southern Mali is still affected by high rates of runoff and soil erosion and low crop yield in farmers’ fields. Data are lacking on previous beneficial SWC practices that could be adapted for wider application. In this paper, a watershed approach to managing rainfed agriculture is presented to show potential benefits of SWC practices at field and watershed scales. The approach included (1) community participation in establishing and monitoring new sets of hydro-meteorological monitoring stations and field experiments; (2) studying the dynamics and consumptive water uses of different land uses over time; and (3) evaluating the biophysical and economic advantages of SWC practices implemented in the watershed. Results showed that over a period of 34 years (1980–2014) cropping area and consumptive water uses of crops (sorghum and cotton) increased at the expenses of natural vegetation. However, the yield of these crops remained low, indicating that soil fertility management and soil moisture were insufficient. In such cases, implementation of more SWC practices can help provide the additional soil moisture required.
7 Nhemachena, Charles; Matchaya, Greenwell; Nhlengethwa, Sibusiso. 2017. Agricultural growth trends and outlook for Lesotho. Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Pretoria, South Africa: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 30p. (ReSAKSS-SA Annual Trends and Outlook Report 2016)
Agricultural development ; Agricultural sector ; Performance evaluation ; Agricultural production ; Agricultural productivity ; Environmental effects ; Climate change ; Socioeconomic environment ; Living standards ; Poverty ; Equity ; Economic indicators ; Gross national product ; Agricultural trade ; Expenditure ; Agroecological zones ; Soils ; Arable land ; Development programmes / Southern Africa / Lesotho
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048751)
http://resakss.org/sites/default/files/ReSAKSS-SA%20-%20ATOR%20-%202016%20-%20high%20res%20with%20crop%20marks%20%28002%29.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048751.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048751.pdf
(1.05 MB) (1.05 MB)
8 Mekonnen, D. A.; Gerber, N.; Matz, J. A. 2018. Gendered social networks, agricultural innovations, and farm productivity in Ethiopia. World Development, 105:321-335. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.04.020]
Gender analysis ; Social participation ; Networks ; Agricultural development ; Agricultural productivity ; Technology ; Innovation adoption ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Models / Africa / Ethiopia / Bakko-Sibu Siree / Lume-Adaa / Hettosa-Tiyyo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048764)
(0.38 MB)
This paper examines the existence of social learning in agriculture in Ethiopia. To be specific, we use a "random matching within sample" technique to collect data on social networks and to elicit details of the relationships and information exchange between network members. We find that shared kinship or membership in certain groups, informal forms of mutual insurance, and having frequent meetings with network members are all associated with a higher probability of forming an information link with a network member. Furthermore, we find evidence for a statistically significant and positive relationship between networks and the adoption of row-planting as well as yields for both male and female networks. However, the evidence for an inverse U-shaped relationship of social learning, that is, between the number of adopters in the network and the adoption of row-planting, is strongest for female networks. Our results, thus, suggest that extension services and other programs that promote agricultural innovations and seek yield improvement can benefit from social networks but that their success depends on identifying the "right" networks, such as those of female household members in the case of row-planting.
9 Berazneva, J.; McBride, L.; Sheahan, M.; Guerena, D. 2018. Empirical assessment of subjective and objective soil fertility metrics in East Africa: implications for researchers and policy makers. World Development, 105:367-382. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.12.009]
Soil fertility ; Agricultural productivity ; Soil analysis ; Soil pH ; Soil types ; Soil quality ; Cation exchange capacity ; Natural resources management ; Researchers ; Policy making ; Farmers attitudes ; Crop yield ; Maize / East Africa / Kenya / Tanzania
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048769)
(1.09 MB)
Bringing together emerging lessons from biophysical and social sciences as well as newly available data, we take stock of what can be learned about the relationship among subjective (reported) and objective (measured) soil fertility and farmer input use in east Africa. We identify the correlates of Kenyan and Tanzanian maize farmers’ reported perceptions of soil fertility and assess the extent to which these subjective assessments reflect measured soil chemistry. Our results offer evidence that farmers base their perceptions of soil quality and soil type on crop yields. We also find that, in Kenya, farmers’ reported soil type is a reasonable predictor of several objective soil fertility indicators while farmer-reported soil quality is not. In addition, in exploring the extent to which publicly available soil data are adequate to capture local soil chemistry realities, we find that the time-consuming exercise of collecting detailed objective measures of soil content is justified when biophysical analysis is warranted, because farmers’ perceptions are not sufficiently strong proxies of these measures to be a reliable substitute and because currently available high-resolution geo-spatial data do not sufficiently capture local variation. In the estimation of agricultural production or profit functions, where the focus is on averages and in areas with low variability in soil properties, the addition of soil information does not considerably change the estimation results. However, having objective (measured) plot-level soil information improves the overall fit of the model and the estimation of marginal physical products of inputs. Our findings are of interest to researchers who design, field, or use data from agricultural surveys, as well as policy makers who design and implement agricultural interventions and policies.
10 Damania, R.; Desbureaux, S.; Hyland, M.; Islam, A.; Moore, S.; Rodella, A.-S.; Russ, J.; Zaveri, E. 2017. Uncharted waters: the new economics of water scarcity and variability. Washington, DC, USA: World Bank. 101p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1179-1]
Water scarcity ; Water management ; Economic growth ; Climate change ; Weather hazards ; Rain ; Drought ; Water supply ; Industrial uses ; Water quality ; Water policy ; Regulations ; Agricultural productivity ; Farmland ; Water demand ; Food security ; Risk management ; Infrastructure ; Investment ; Deforestation ; Urban areas ; Gender ; Public health / Africa South of Sahara / Latin America / Madagascar
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048722)
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/28096/9781464811791.pdf?sequence=21
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048722.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048722.pdf
(4.94 MB) (4.94 MB)
11 Aarnoudse, E.; Closas, Alvar; Lefore, Nicole. 2018. Water user associations: a review of approaches and alternative management options for Sub-Saharan Africa. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 43p. (IWMI Working Paper 180) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2018.210]
Water user associations ; Water management ; Water security ; Water resources ; Water governance ; Water policy ; Water distribution ; Stakeholders ; Public-private cooperation ; Partnerships ; Surface water ; Groundwater irrigation ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation management ; Irrigation water ; Decision making ; Investment ; Food security ; Cost recovery ; Community development ; Participatory approaches ; Public participation ; Agricultural productivity ; Socioeconomic environment ; Alternative methods ; Public authorities / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048782)
(1 MB)
Building on existing literature and the analysis of a portfolio of development projects (past and under implementation), this paper reviews the evolution of water user associations (WUAs) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), reflecting on the conceptualization of how they operate, and the promised outcomes related to irrigation development, and the efficient and effective delivery of irrigation services. It also moves one step further from existing studies on WUAs, postulating that additional reflection is needed to understand the limitations of WUAs and proposes alternative, viable and context-based adapted models. This need is particularly strong in SSA where irrigation is incipient, and governments and donors are still consolidating their development approaches. Whereas a growing body of international literature takes into account the sociopolitical context of decentralized irrigation management, practical indication on what remains to be done to address the various limitations found in SSA stays meagre and scattered. The objective of this paper is not to challenge the myth of WUAs but to learn how to better deliver on the promised outcomes. The underlying message is that, if the SSA region is to be made water and food secure while respecting resource sustainability, community development, livelihoods and equality of resource access, the recurrent templates for WUA management and governance need to be revisited and adapted to local needs.
12 McMillan, M.; Rodrik, D.; Sepulveda, C. (Eds.) 2016. Structural change, fundamentals, and growth: a framework and case studies. Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 305p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896292147]
Structural change ; Economic growth ; Economic structure ; Frameworks ; Case studies ; Agricultural productivity ; Trade liberalization ; Gross national product ; Manufacturing ; Trade policies ; Industrialization ; Human capital ; Labour market ; Unemployment ; Government policy ; Private sector ; Tariffs ; Constraints ; Political aspects ; Social change ; Transformation ; Households ; Developing countries ; Urbanization / India / Vietnam / Botswana / Ghana / Nigeria / Zambia / Brazil / Gujarat / Maharashtra
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 338.9 G000 MCM Record No: H049061)
https://www.ifpri.org/cdmref/p15738coll2/id/131168/filename/131379.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049061.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049061.pdf
(4.12 MB) (4.12 MB)
13 Beg, S. 2019. Favoritism and flooding: political alignment and allocation of irrigation water. World Development, 114:175-195. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.09.030]
Flooding ; Risk analysis ; Irrigation water ; Water allocation ; Social aspects ; Political aspects ; Water management ; Rainfall patterns ; Dams ; Flow discharge ; Agricultural productivity ; Environmental effects ; Rivers ; Upstream ; Downstream / Pakistan / Punjab / Sindh / Indus River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049162)
(9.30 MB)
Using a context where agriculture relies on uncertain rainfall and irrigation, I demonstrate that ruling party representatives counteract rainfall variability to benefit politically aligned regions through favorable irrigation water supply. First, I demonstrate average river water supply and flood incidence respond to the identity of the ruling party. I then exploit close elections to get random variation in a region’s alignment with the political party in power, exogenous rainfall shocks to measure drought/flood risk and river water flow rate as a measure of water supply at any location. I find that water supply is in favor of upstream districts and against downstream districts when upstream districts are aligned with the ruling party and vice versa when down-stream district are more aligned; consequently, floods (or droughts) are more likely to occur in downstream regions when the ruling party has lower incentives to favor them. Agricultural productivity in politically aligned areas responds positively to the preferential delivery of resources. I argue that the ruling party’s influence over autonomous agencies that monitor dam usage and water allotment allows its members to reward their constituents. The paper offers novel insights into how political factors determine resource allocation and into the resulting environmental and economic impact.
14 Lele, U. 2018. Doubling farmers’ income under climate change. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 12p. (IWMI-Tata Water Policy Program Discussion Paper 2) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2019.002]
Farm income ; Climate change ; Policies ; Climate-smart agriculture ; Agricultural productivity ; Livestock ; Farmers ; Labour productivity ; Market prices ; Investment ; Households ; Rural areas / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049193)
(1.96 MB)
15 Verma, Shilp; Kashyap, D.; Shah, Tushaar; Crettaz, M.; Sikka, Alok. 2018. Solar Irrigation for Agriculture Resilience (SoLAR): a new SDC [Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation]-IWMI regional partnership. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 16p. (IWMI-Tata Water Policy Program Discussion Paper 3: SDC-IWMI Special Issue) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2019.003]
Solar energy ; Irrigation methods ; Energy consumption ; Groundwater irrigation ; Climate change ; Nexus ; Agricultural productivity ; Resilience ; Water use ; Water governance ; Partnerships ; Pumps ; Costs ; Subsidies ; Energy conservation ; Electricity ; Farmers ; Living standards ; Rural poverty / South Asia / India / Pakistan / Bangladesh / Nepal / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049194)
(1.60 MB)
16 International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2019. IWMI Strategy 2019-2023: innovative water solutions for sustainable development. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 36p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2019.208]
Strategy planning ; Research institutes ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water scarcity ; Water governance ; Water security ; Water supply ; Water use ; Water policy ; Water availability ; Ecosystems ; Climate change ; Food systems ; Food security ; Nexus ; Digital technology ; Environmental impact assessment ; Gender equity ; Women ; Empowerment ; Partnerships ; Research and development ; Models ; Communication ; Natural resources ; Resilience ; Economic growth ; Agricultural productivity ; Poverty ; Urbanization ; Resource recovery ; Reuse ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Data management
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H049297)
(2.26 MB)
17 Hensley, M.; le Roux, P. A.; Botha, J. J.; van Rensburg, L. D. 2019. The role of water conservation strategies and benchmark ecotopes for increasing yields in South Africa’s semi-arid croplands. Water SA, 45(3):393-399. [doi: https://doi.org/10.17159/wsa/2019.v45.i3.6736]
Water conservation ; Strategies ; Crop yield ; Semiarid zones ; Farmland ; Maize ; Land evaluation ; Agricultural productivity ; Subsistence farming ; Farmers ; Rainwater harvesting ; Runoff ; Forecasting ; Technology ; Models ; Case studies / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049345)
(0.64 MB)
Recently published results regarding South Africa’s cropping potential show that about one third of the arable land is of low potential, located mainly in semi-arid areas, with the main problem being water shortage. This is therefore an appropriate time to review priorities and procedures, for selecting benchmark ecotopes to represent marginal areas, and for research needs with regard to water conservation strategies to mitigate the problems of low yields. Relevant international principles encapsulated in the words agro-ecology, sustainability and socio-economic conditions, are discussed. Relevant new technologies are described, namely: digital soil mapping that will facilitate the identification of benchmark ecotopes; a stochastic procedure to predict rainfall intensity data from daily rainfall that will facilitate runoff predictions; a crop yield cumulative probability procedure that enables sustainability to be described quantitatively. As a case study, results from a successful field experiment using the infield rainwater harvesting production technique on benchmark ecotopes in a semiarid area, inhabited by subsistence farmers, are presented. The objectives of the study, procedures used and the method of expressing the results are recommended as guidelines for contributing towards mitigating the problem of low crop productivity across a large portion of the arable area in South Africa
18 Nhamo, Luxon; Mabhaudhi, T.; Mpandeli, S. 2019. A model to integrate and assess water-energy-food nexus performance: South Africa case study. Paper presented at the 3rd World Irrigation Forum (WIF3) on Development for Water, Food and Nutrition Security in a Competitive Environment, Bali, Indonesia, 1-7 September 2019. 10p.
Water resources ; Energy resources ; Food security ; Nexus ; Models ; Water availability ; Water productivity ; Agricultural productivity ; Climate change adaptation ; Resilience ; Living standards ; Sustainability ; Indicators ; Case studies / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049339)
(0.70 MB)
The main limiting factor impeding the operationalisation of the WEF nexus has been lack of metrics and tools to translate the concept into a fully-fledged operational framework to support policy and decision-making. This study developed a WEF nexus model by (i) defining WEF nexus sustainability indicators, and (ii) calculating composite indices for those indicators to establish numerical relationships among WEF nexus resources using South Africa as a case study. The composite indices show WEF nexus performance as well as monitoring and evaluation of WEF resources management. The indicators were integrated through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM). The established quantitative relationships indicate resource utilisation, management and performance through a spider graph to illustrate WEF nexus performance, providing a general overview of the level of interactions, interrelationships and inter-connectedness of resources. The shape of the spider graph is determined by the level of the interdependencies and interactions among the WEF nexus sectors, whose management is viewed either as sustainable or unsustainable depending on the classification of the developed integrated index. The spider graph for South Africa showed an over-emphasis on food self-sufficiency and water productivity at the expense of other sectors. The deformed shape of the spider graph is a demonstration of the sectoral or “silo” approach in resource management. The calculated integrated WEF nexus index of 0.203 for South Africa classified the country under the low sustainability category. The developed model is a decision support tool that provides evidence for interventions in priority areas. The model demonstrates the capabilities of the WEF nexus to evaluate synergies and trade-offs in a systematic and integrated way to increases efficiency and productivity in resource management for sustainable development.
19 Ghosh, S.; Kolady, D. E.; Das, U.; Gorain, S.; Srivastava, S. K.; Mondal, B. 2019. Spatio-temporal variations in effects of Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) reform in India: a panel data analysis. Agricultural Water Management, 222:48-61. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.05.042]
Irrigation management ; Participatory management ; Reforms ; Groundwater irrigation ; Irrigated land ; Agricultural development ; Crop production ; Agricultural productivity ; Performance indexes ; Indicators ; Water user associations ; Tank irrigation ; Irrigation canals ; Land use / India / Andhra Pradesh / Karnataka / Tamil Nadu / Madhya Pradesh / Odisha / Rajasthan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049402)
(1.94 MB)
After a decade of implementation of participatory irrigation management (PIM) policy in India, the impact of PIM on agricultural and irrigation scenario is studied in six states (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, and Rajasthan) implementing the PIM reform. In case of each state, district level panel data of 10 years each before and after the PIM enactment is analyzed for the variables depicting agricultural and irrigation scenario. The decadal mean values calculated before and after implementation of PIM indicate that increased share of net irrigated area to net sown area (3–12%), increased productivity of major crops (11–20%), increased food grain productivity (8–39%) with decreased share of food grain crops area to gross sown area (1–3%), increased area under high yielding varieties in three states (13–54%), increased cropping intensity in five states (3–12%) and increased fertiliser consumption (21–80%) during post PIM period. Net irrigated area has shown an increase from 6 to 38 percent that is because of relatively more increase in groundwater irrigated area (16–63%) as compared to canal irrigated area after PIM (-16 to 31%). District wise agricultural development index (ADI) and irrigation development index (IDI) are derived showing betterment in both after PIM reform. Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) regression models are worked out that revealed variations in impact of PIM in the states of India. The PIM has made significant impact on food grain productivity as evident from the significant coefficient value for interaction term between year and PIM dummy in case of Karnataka, Odisha and Rajasthan. In case of other three states, the impact of PIM is not significantly visible.
20 Williams, Timothy O. 2019. Managing water for food and agricultural transformation in Africa: key issues and priorities. In Allan, T.; Bromwich, B.; Keulertz, M.; Colman, A. (Eds.). The Oxford handbook of food, water and society. New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press. pp.470-487.
Water management ; Integrated management ; Agrifood systems ; Agricultural productivity ; Rainfed farming ; Irrigated farming ; Climate change ; Food prices ; Imports ; Irrigation water ; Food security ; Nutrition security ; Population growth ; Urbanization / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 ALL Record No: H049503)
(3.24 MB)
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
