Your search found 3 records
1 Abid, M.; Schneider, U. A.; Scheffran, J. 2016. Adaptation to climate change and its impacts on food productivity and crop income: perspectives of farmers in rural Pakistan. Journal of Rural Studies, 47(Part A):254-266. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.08.005]
Climate change adaptation ; Food production ; Wheat ; Productivity ; Crop yield ; Farm income ; Farmers attitudes ; Strategies ; Models ; Households ; Rural areas ; Socioeconomic environment ; Case studies / Pakistan / Punjab / Rahim Yar Khan / Toba Tek Singh / Gujrat
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047767)
(2.03 MB)
Evaluation of the ongoing efforts for farm level adaptation to climate change is crucial to understand their effectiveness and to suggest further actions at the policy level. The current study explores the adaptation of wheat farmers to climate change, its determinants and its impact on food productivity and crop income in rural Pakistan. This study is based on a primary dataset of 442 wheat farmers conducted through face-to-face structured interviews from 65 villages across three agro-ecological zones of Punjab Province, Pakistan. The study employs logistic regression analysis to find adaptation determinants and uses the propensity score matching technique to estimate the causal impact of adaptation on food productivity and crop income. The results of the study suggest that wheat farmers were well aware of climate change, but for various reasons did not adapt accordingly. The major adaptation strategies implemented by wheat farmers include changing planting dates, crop varieties and fertilizer types. Moreover, education, farming experience, access to agricultural extension, weather forecasting and marketing information were the factors that significantly affected farmers' adaptation decisions. Adapting wheat crops to climate change significantly and positively affects wheat productivity and net crop income and hence indirectly improves the farmers' wellbeing and local food security. More benefits were achieved by farmers who used a combination of different adaptation strategies. The study suggests to focus on farmers' education, easy access to farm advisory services and information on new adaptation methods for sustainable food production and local food security.
2 Khan, N. A.; Qiao, J.; Abid, M.; Gao, Q. 2021. Understanding farm-level cognition of and autonomous adaptation to climate variability and associated factors: evidence from the rice-growing zone of Pakistan. Land Use Policy, 105:105427. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105427]
Climate change adaptation ; Strategies ; Farmers' attitudes ; Climate-smart agriculture ; Rice ; Nonfarm income ; Access to information ; Temperature ; Rainfall patterns ; Risk ; Tube wells ; Irrigation canals ; Socioeconomic environment ; Models / Pakistan / Punjab
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050303)
(2.05 MB)
This study was conducted in the rice-growing zone of Punjab province, where rice production is affected by climate variabilities. The study aimed to assess farmers' perception of and adaptation to climate variability and its associated factors. Cross-sectional data of 480 rice growers was collected from the four rice-growing districts in Punjab using a multi-stage sampling approach. A multivariate probit model is used to analyze the determinants of farmers' adaptation decisions, and an ordered probit model is employed to estimate the factors affecting adaptation intensity. We find that farmers perceived significant changes in local climate, i.e., increase in summer temperature, decrease in summer rainfall, and changing pattern of rainfall and winter cropping season. Rice growers applied supplementary irrigation, changed rice cultivation dates, considered fertilizer management and crop diversification, and changed crop varieties as adaptation strategies to cope with climatic variability. The results of the multivariate probit model indicate farmers' age, farm size, availability of water resources, livestock ownership, off-farm income, and access to farm advisory services, credit, and climate information as significant determinants of adaptation strategies. The ordered probit model shows a positive and significant effect of farmers' education level and availability of irrigation water, farm labor, credit, farm advisory services, and climate information on adaptation intensity. The findings identify lack of water resources, financial constraints, and limited advisory services as key barriers to adaptation. This study suggests that the government should adopt a proactive approach to support farming communities to adapt to climate variability through improved access to water resources, advisory services, and credit services.
3 Abid, M.; Hafeez, Mohsin; Watto, M. A. 2021. Sustainability analysis of irrigation water management in Punjab, Pakistan. In Watto, M. A.; Mitchell, M.; Bashir, S. (Eds.). Water resources of Pakistan: issues and impacts. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. pp.133-154. (World Water Resources Volume 9) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65679-9_8]
Irrigation water ; Water management ; Irrigation management ; Water use efficiency ; Sustainability ; Water resources ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation methods ; Surface water ; Groundwater ; Economic aspects ; Water charges ; Water quality ; Farmers ; Equity ; Climate change / Pakistan / Punjab / Indus Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050436)
(10.50 MB)
Water management in the irrigation-dominated Indus Basin of Pakistan is under pressure to ensure equitable, long-term, stable and flexible water supplies for meeting crop water demands, growing non-agricultural water demands (domestic and industrial supplies), and minimising adverse environmental impacts of one of the largest irrigation systems in the world. In this chapter, we focus on the irrigation system in Punjab by carrying out a sustainability analysis of its current irrigation water application methods. Cai et al.’s (Sustainability analysis for irrigation water management: concepts, methodology, and application to the Aral Sea region. Environment and production technology division, discussion paper no. 86, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, 2001) analytical framework is used, which comprises indicators of risk and vulnerability, environmental system integrity, and economic acceptability and equity. The analysis suggests that irrigation water management in Punjab is currently unsustainable due to declining surface water supplies and excessive pressure on groundwater to support intensive agriculture and increasing demand from non-agricultural uses. Furthermore, climate change projections suggest reduced overall water availability leading to reduced crop productivity. Groundwater exploitation, unsustainable irrigation and agricultural practices, and industrial effluents are affecting water quality and worsening the overall health of the Indus Basin and its ecosystem. The cost of irrigation water management is economically not viable due to the high level of subsidies for technological interventions at the farm level and minimal water charges. The gap between collected water charges and overall operation and maintenance costs has reached USD 76 million. Water productivity in the Punjab is one of the lowest in the South Asia region due to use of traditional irrigation practices with low irrigation and application efficiency. Equitable distribution of water in the province has become a big challenge for water managers given increasing water allocation conflicts, especially between upstream and downstream water users. We thus suggest adopting an approach that is more inclusive of all major stakeholder interests keeping in view the competing inter-sectoral water demands in future and the ongoing challenges of climate change, urbanisation and economic growth. Such efforts are required to improve water use efficiency as well as equity in the distribution of water among users.
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