Your search found 7 records
1 Ray, I.; Gül, S. 1999. More from less: Policy options and farmer choice under water scarcity. Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 13(4):361-383.
Water scarcity ; Water shortage ; Surface water ; Water distribution ; Water allocation ; Irrigation scheduling ; Irrigation canals ; Water availability ; Drought ; Wells ; Irrigated farming ; Horticulture ; Models ; Agricultural policy ; Water costs ; Prices ; Energy / Turkey / Gediz Basin
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H026233)
2 Ray, I.. 2005. Get the price right: Water prices and irrigation efficiency. Economic and Political Weekly, 40(33):3659-3668.
Water rates ; Price policy ; Irrigation canals ; Water allocation ; Farming systems ; Farmers’ attitudes ; Water rights / India / Maharashtra / Mula Canal
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 7431 Record No: H037634)
3 Ray, I.. 2007. Get the prices right: a model of water prices and irrigation efficiency in Maharashtra, India. In Molle, Francois; Berkoff, J. (Eds.). Irrigation water pricing: the gap between theory and practice. Wallingford, UK: CABI. pp.108-125. (Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture Series 4)
Cost recovery ; Pricing ; Water costs ; Models ; Irrigation efficiency ; Water allocation ; Irrigation canals ; Wells ; Conjunctive use ; Farming systems ; Sugarcane / India / Maharashtra / Mula Canal System
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.4 G000 MOL Record No: H040603)
4 Ray, I.. 2007. Women, water, and development. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 32: 421-449.
Water management ; Women in development ; Households ; Domestic water ; Health ; Gender ; Irrigation management ; Participatory management ; Water user associations ; Cost recovery
(Location: IWMI HQ Record No: H041258)
That women play a central role in the provision, management, and safeguarding of water is one of the four internationally accepted principles of water management. This principle is especially important for the developing world where millions of women lack access to water for their basic needs. The objectives of this chapter are to summarize what is known about women with respect to water and about water with respect to women as well as to provide a sense of the current debates around these themes. A review of the literature suggests that the lack of gender-disaggregated data on the impacts of water policies, and underlying disagreements on how gender and development should be theorized, makes it difficult to reach robust conclusions on which policies can best assure poor women reliable access to water for their lives and livelihoods.
5 Kumpel, E.; Woelfle-Erskine, C.; Ray, I.; Nelson, K. L. 2017. Measuring household consumption and waste in unmetered, intermittent piped water systems. Water Resources Research, 53(1):302-315. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019702]
Water use ; Household consumption ; Measurement ; Water availability ; Water supply ; Water distribution systems ; Water storage ; Storage containers ; Water tanks ; Pipes ; Water loss ; Metering ; Water users ; Socioeconomic environment ; Urban areas / India / Hubli-Dharwad
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048047)
(1.35 MB)
Measurements of household water consumption are extremely difficult in intermittent water supply (IWS) regimes in low- and middle-income countries, where water is delivered for short durations, taps are shared, metering is limited, and household storage infrastructure varies widely. Nonetheless, consumption estimates are necessary for utilities to improve water delivery. We estimated household water use in Hubli-Dharwad, India, with a mixed-methods approach combining (limited) metered data, storage container inventories, and structured observations. We developed a typology of household water access according to infrastructure conditions based on the presence of an overhead storage tank and a shared tap. For households with overhead tanks, container measurements and metered data produced statistically similar consumption volumes; for households without overhead tanks, stored volumes underestimated consumption because of significant water use directly from the tap during delivery periods. Households that shared taps consumed much less water than those that did not. We used our water use calculations to estimate waste at the household level and in the distribution system. Very few households used 135 L/person/d, the Government of India design standard for urban systems. Most wasted little water even when unmetered, however, unaccounted-for water in the neighborhood distribution systems was around 50%. Thus, conservation efforts should target loss reduction in the network rather than at households.
6 Kumar, T.; Post, A. E.; Ray, I.. 2018. Flows, leaks and blockages in informational interventions: a field experimental study of Bangalore’s water sector. World Development, 106:149-160. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.01.022]
Water supply ; Information dissemination ; Households ; Social welfare ; Income ; Pipes ; Political aspects ; Transparency ; Population ; Socioeconomic environment ; Psychological factors ; Stress ; Experimentation / India / Bangalore
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048795)
(1.14 MB)
Many policies and programs based on informational interventions hinge upon the assumption that providing citizens with information can help improve the quality of public services, or help citizens cope with poor services. We present a causal framework that can be used to identify leaks and blockages in the information production and dissemination process in such programs. We conceptualize the "information pipeline" as a series of connected nodes, each of which constitutes a possible point of blockage. We apply the framework to a field-experimental evaluation of a program that provided households in Bangalore, India, with advance notification of intermittently provided piped water. Our study detected no impacts on household wait times for water or on how citizens viewed the state, but found that notifications reduced stress. Our framework reveals that, in our case, noncompliance among human intermediaries and asymmetric gender relations contributed in large part to these null-to-modest results. Diagnostic frameworks like this should be used more extensively in development research to better understand the mechanisms responsible for program success and failure, to identify subgroups that actually received the intended treatment, and to identify potential leaks and blockages when replicating existing programs in new settings.
7 Burt, Z.; Prasad, C. S. S.; Drechsel, Pay; Ray, I.. 2021. The cultural economy of human waste reuse: perspectives from peri-urban Karnataka, India. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 11(3):386-397. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2021.196]
Waste management ; Human wastes ; Faecal sludge ; Excreta ; Resource recovery ; Organic fertilizers ; Cultural factors ; Periurban areas ; Caste systems ; Farmers' attitudes ; Agricultural workers ; Economic aspects ; Business models ; Sanitation / India / Karnataka / Dharwad / Bangalore
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050316)
https://iwaponline.com/washdev/article-pdf/11/3/386/889973/washdev0110386.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050316.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050316.pdf
(0.32 MB) (327 KB)
Safely managed waste reuse may be a sustainable way to protect human health and livelihoods in agrarian-based countries without adequate sewerage. The safe recovery and reuse of fecal sludge-derived fertilizer (FSF) has become an important policy discussion in low-income economies as a way to manage urban sanitation to benefit peri-urban agriculture. But what drives the user acceptance of composted fecal sludge? We develop a preference-ranking model to understand the attributes of FSF that contribute to its acceptance in Karnataka, India. We use this traditionally economic modeling method to uncover cultural practices and power disparities underlying the waste economy. We model farmowners and farmworkers separately, as the choice to use FSF as an employer versus as an employee is fundamentally different. We find that farmers who are willing to use FSF prefer to conceal its origins from their workers and from their own caste group. This is particularly the case for caste-adhering, vegetarian farmowners. We find that workers are open to using FSF if its attributes resemble cow manure, which they are comfortable handling. The waste economy in rural India remains shaped by caste hierarchies and practices, but these remain unacknowledged in policies promoting sustainable ‘business’ models for safe reuse. Current efforts under consideration toward formalizing the reuse sector should explicitly acknowledge caste practices in the waste economy, or they may perpetuate the size and scope of the caste-based informal sector.
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