Your search found 2 records
1 Muoio, R.; Caretti, C.; Rossi, L.; Santianni, D.; Lubello, C. 2020. Water safety plans and risk assessment: a novel procedure applied to treated water turbidity and gastrointestinal diseases. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 223(1):281-288. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.07.008]
Drinking water treatment ; Risk assessment ; Public health ; Gastrointestinal diseases ; Water quality ; Turbidity ; Water treatment plants ; Water supply ; Filtration / Italy / Tuscany
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049489)
(1.42 MB)
Water Safety Plans (WSPs), as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), can help drinking water suppliers to identify potential hazards related to drinking water and enable improvements in public health outcomes. In this study we propose a procedure to evaluate the health risk related to turbidity in finished water by determining the cases of drinking water-related gastrointestinal diseases. The results of several epidemiological studies and three-year time series turbidity data, coming from three different drinking water treatment plants (WTPs) located in Tuscany (Italy), have been used to determine the relationship between drinking water turbidity and gastroenteritis incidence and to assess the health risk attributable to the turbidity of tap water. The turbidity variation occurring in the treated water during the monitored period showed an incremental risk compared to the baseline value from 9% to 27% in the three WTPs.
Risk reduction due to each treatment step was also evaluated and it was found that a complete treatment train (clari-flocculation, sand filtration, activated carbon filtration and multi-step disinfection) reduces risk by over 600 times. Our approach is a useful tool for water suppliers to quantify health risks by considering time series data on turbidity at WTPs and to make decisions regarding risk management measures.
Risk reduction due to each treatment step was also evaluated and it was found that a complete treatment train (clari-flocculation, sand filtration, activated carbon filtration and multi-step disinfection) reduces risk by over 600 times. Our approach is a useful tool for water suppliers to quantify health risks by considering time series data on turbidity at WTPs and to make decisions regarding risk management measures.
2 Alfredo, K. A.; O’Garra, T. 2020. Preferences for water treatment provision in rural India: comparing communal, pay-per-use, and labour-for-water schemes. Water International, 45(2):91-111. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2020.1720137]
Water treatment plants ; Willingness to pay ; Drinking water ; Rural communities ; Community involvement ; Fluorides ; Contamination ; Public health ; Sanitation ; Sustainability ; Villages ; Socioeconomic environment ; Models / India / Maharashtra / Yavatmal
Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049632)
(2.50 MB)
Using a contingent valuation survey, this research identifies villagers’ willingness to pay towards the operation and maintenance of water treatment plants in 11 villages in Maharashtra with existing facilities. Preferences were elicited using three different payment mechanisms: a monthly fee, labour (time) contributions, and a pay-per-container mechanism. There was little support for the pay-per-container scheme (51% stated positive willingness to pay for this option), but the communal mechanisms were more popular (86.7% and 87.3%). We conclude that the long-term viability of water treatment in Maharashtra is weak, as few scenarios provide adequate revenue to properly operate and maintain the infrastructure.
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