Your search found 44 records
1 Bacha, D.; Namara, Regassa E.; Bogale, Ayalneh; Tesfaye, A. 2011. Impact of small scale irrigation on household poverty: empirical evidence from the Ambo district in Ethiopia. Irrigation and Drainage, 60(1):1-10. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.550]
Irrigation systems ; Rural poverty ; Households ; Expenditure ; Econometrics ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Analysis / Ethiopia / Ambo district
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H042651)
(0.20 MB)
A study was conducted in the Ambo district of western Ethiopia in 2006 to understand the poverty reduction impacts of small-scale irrigation development, using the Indris irrigation system as a case study. The study was based on a survey of representative farm households with and without access to irrigation. The total sample size for the study was 222 (107 households with access to irrigation and 115 without). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, the Foster, Greer and Thobeck poverty indices, and Heckman’s selectivity model. Results indicate that the incidence, depth, and severity of poverty are significantly lower among those farm households with access to irrigation. In addition to irrigation, other variables such as farm size, livestock holding size, land productivity, and family size significantly influence the level of household consumption expenditure. However, the proportion of poor people in the overall sample, notwithstanding access to irrigation, is alarmingly high, indicating the deeprooted and critical situation of poverty in rural Ethiopia.
2 Angrist, J. D.; Pischke, J. S. 2009. Mostly harmless econometrics: an empiricist's companion. Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press. 373p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 330.015195 G000 ANG Record No: H042985)
(0.30 MB)
3 Furuya, J.; Meyer, S. D.; Kageyama, M.; Jin, S. 2010. Development of supply and demand models of rice in Lower Mekong River Basin countries: REMEW-Mekong. Tsukuba, Japan: Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS) 172p. (JIRCAS Working Report 68)
Simulation models ; Econometrics ; Rice ; Yields / Laos / Cambodia / Thailand / Vietnam / Lower Mekong River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 633.81 G800 FUR Record No: H043104)
(0.33 MB)
4 Enders, W. 2004. Applied econometric time series. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley. 460p. (Wiley series in probability and statistics)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 330.015195 G000 END Record No: H043311)
(0.40 MB)
5 Lee, M.-J. 2005. Micro-econometrics for policy, program and treatment effects. New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press. 248p.
Econometrics ; Economic policy ; Mathematical models ; Statistical methods ; Multivariate analysis ; Regression analysis ; Sensitivity analysis
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 519.5 G000 LEE Record No: H044058)
(0.45 MB)
This book brings to the fore recent advances in econometrics for treatment effect analysis. It aims to put together various economic treatment effect models in a coherent fashion, determine those that can be parameters of interest, and show how these can be identified and estimated under weak assumptions. The emphasis throughout the book is on semi- and non-parametric estimation methods, but traditional parametric approaches are also discussed. This book is ideally suited to researchers and graduate students with a basic knowledge of econometrics.
6 Matshe, I.; Zikhali, Precious; Chilonda, Pius. 2010. Education and agricultural inputs use by female farmers in Zimbabwe. Agenda, 86:96-110.
Farm inputs ; Gender ; Female labor ; Farmers ; Agricultural education ; Fertilizers ; Models ; Rural areas ; Statistical methods ; Households ; Econometrics ; Policy / Africa South of Sahara / Zimbabwe
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044567)
(0.12 MB)
There is ample empirical evidence that suggests the existence of gender discrimination when it comes to access to and subsequent use of productivity-enhancing farm inputs, specially those provided via market institutions, such as chemical fertilisers and hired labour. This discrimination is often found to be in favour of male farmers or male-headed households. Against this background, this focus contributes to building an understanding of the role of female education as a possible intervention that could mitigate such gendered agricultural input use disparities. A bivariate probit model on chemical fertiliser and hired labour use by households is estimated, using data collected in 2007 in rural Zimbabwe. This estimation strategy allows for interdependency between the input use decisions. Our results suggest that education significantly raises the probability of female farmers’ use of both chemical fertilisers and hired labour. Interestingly, this impact is found to be higher for femaleheaded households in communal areas as opposed to female-headed households in resettlement areas where eneficiaries of Zimbabwe’s Fast-track Land Reform Programme reside. This finding confirms the need to promote the education of women, particularly rural women, as part of interventions aimed at empowering female farmers, in the process countering and ending gender-based discrimination in accessing farm inputs.
7 Liu, B.; Keyzer, M.; Van Den Boom, B.; Zikhali, Precious. 2012. How connected are Chinese farmers to retail markets?: new evidence of price transmission. China Economic Review, 23(1):34-46. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2011.07.010]
Farmers ; Retail marketing ; Marketing margins ; Risks ; Econometrics ; Agricultural products / China
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044699)
(0.94 MB)
This paper examines the extent to which Chinese farmers are connected to regional agricultural markets by looking at the intensity of price transmission from retail markets to the farmgate. This intensity is indicative of the extent to which farmers might benefit from improved marketing opportunities and be exposed to price risks. We estimate the elasticity of farmgate prices to retail prices using price data for 170 markets, in 29 out of 33 provinces of China, at the detail of 12 main products and for the five-year period 1996 to 2000. In each province we find strong linkages between retail and farmgate prices with elasticities ranging between 0.6 and 1 and intensifying over time. This suggests that Chinese farmers are generally well connected to retail markets and that this connectivity has strengthened in the period considered, creating not only new opportunities but also new risks. It is also found that linkages are relatively weak in inland provinces, which is a point of concern in view of Chinese policies to create equal opportunities and equitable growth.
8 Assa, M. M.; Edriss, A.-K.; Matchaya, Greenwell. 2012. Unexploited profit among smallholder farmers in central Malawi: what are the sources? International Journal of Applied Economics, 9(2):83-95.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045536)
http://www2.southeastern.edu/orgs/ijae/index_files/IJAE%20SEPT%202012%20MAGANGA%20ASSA%2011-18-2012%20RV1.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045536.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045536.pdf
(0.22 MB) (226KB)
The purposes of this research were to measure the profit efficiency of sample Irish potato farms and subsequently to explore determinants of profit inefficiency in the Dedza district of Malawi. Flexible Stochastic Profit Frontier Analysis was used to measure profit efficiency. Farmers from 200 randomly selected farmers were interviewed for plot level data. Research results revealed that the average profit of Irish potato farmers in Dedza could increase by 26% under prevailing technology. The profit efficiency of the sample Irish potato farms ranged from 0.31 to 0.99 (0.74 average). Policy variables like non-farm employment, education, extension visits, credit status, farm Experience, degree of specialization, and frequency of weeding negatively affected profit inefficiency. Conversely, age affected profit inefficiency positively.
9 Seleshi, S.; Alemu, B. A.; Hanjra, Munir A. 2013. Informal sector employment, food security and vulnerability of households in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. In Hanjra, Munir A. (Ed.). Global food security: emerging issues and economic implications. New York, NY, USA: Nova Science Publishers. pp.201-229. (Global Agriculture Developments)
Food security ; Households ; Employment ; Models ; Informal sector ; Income ; Data analysis ; Econometrics / Ethiopia / Addis Ababa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046153)
(9.05 MB)
People across Africa are urbanizing and cities act as magnets that attract poor migrants from rural areas, looking for employment and better life. During the last few decades, the informal sector has been growing fast in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia due to the influx of many young workers into the sector who come from rural areas of the country with the expectation of a better life in the city. The informal sector employment includes casual, temporary jobs such as lottery selling, street vending, petty trade and other similar activities – coping strategies and earning strategies to escape food poverty. The informal sector is believed to play an important role in food security as it provides jobs, reduces unemployment, bolsters economic activity, and helps alleviate poverty. However, there is limited local knowledge about the role of this sector in enhancing food security and reducing vulnerability of the emigrants. There is also limited research about the problems and prospects of the informal sector, and via-a-vis its potential contribution towards food security. Therefore, this research was conducted with the major objective of examining the food security level and vulnerability status of emigrants worker and their households to identify the major challenges and prospects for future policy interventions. Primary data were collected from 240 respondents (60 from each of the four sub-cities) who were selected randomly. Secondary data were also collected from government offices. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and econometric approaches. Probit model was used to determine food security status of respondents; whereas ordered probit model was used to identify the factors affecting their vulnerability level. Results suggest that the daily life of the majority of migrants in Addis Ababa (most of them are young school dropouts) is highly connected with street-based informal economic activities such as marketing, vending and lottery selling, etc. Results show that the annual mean income a household would earn is Eth. Birr 7,786.2 ($442). Results of the vulnerability analysis show that informal activities in the study area serve migrants only as temporary safety nets, not as sustainable earnings/livelihood strategies. Results further show that lack of access to bank credit (due to collateral requirements), fluctuating market prices and lack of working premises impacts their work. Data shows that the workers are forced to consume less food or poor quality food. Therefore, future urban policy may need to give due consideration to informal sector employment in order to realize synergies between the formal and informal sectors for addressing food security and poverty issues.
10 Wooldridge, J. M. 2010. Econometric analysis of cross section and panel data. 2nd ed. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press. 1064p.
Statistical methods ; Econometrics ; Mathematical models ; Linear models ; Cross sectional analysis ; Simultaneous equation analysis ; Single equation analysis ; Regression analysis ; Multivariate analysis ; Non linear programming ; Estimation ; Data analysis ; Cluster sampling ; Testing
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 330.015195 G000 WOO Record No: H047137)
(0.88 MB)
11 Wooldridge, J. M. 2010. Econometric analysis of cross section and panel data. 2nd ed. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press. 1064p.
Statistical methods ; Econometrics ; Mathematical models ; Linear models ; Cross sectional analysis ; Simultaneous equation analysis ; Single equation analysis ; Regression analysis ; Multivariate analysis ; Non linear programming ; Estimation ; Data analysis ; Cluster sampling ; Testing
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 330.015195 G000 WOO c2 Record No: H047138)
(0.88 MB)
12 Cameron, A. C.; Trivedi, P. K. 2010. Microeconometrics using stata. Rev. ed. College Station, TX, USA: Stata Press. 706p.
Microeconomics ; Statistical methods ; Econometrics ; Mathematical models ; Computer software ; Data management ; Computer programming ; Optimization methods ; Linear models ; Regression analysis ; Non linear programming ; Computer graphics ; Simulation ; Testing
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 330.015195 G000 CAM Record No: H047139)
(1.57 MB)
13 Das, A.; Buisson, Marie-Charlotte; Mukherji, A. 2015. Predicting success in community-driven water infrastructure maintenance: evidence from public goods games in coastal Bangladesh. In Humphreys, E.; Tuong, T. P.; Buisson, Marie-Charlotte; Pukinskis, I.; Phillips, M. (Eds.). Proceedings of the CPWF, GBDC, WLE Conference on Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone: Turning Science into Policy and Practices, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 21-23 October 2014. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF). pp.183-196.
Coastal area ; Water management ; Local communities ; Sustainability ; Econometrics ; Models ; Institutions ; Reclaimed land / Bangladesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047112)
(0.31 MB)
14 Cameron, A. C.; Trivedi, P. K. 2010. Microeconometrics using stata. Rev. ed. College Station, TX, USA: Stata Press. 706p.
Microeconomics ; Statistical methods ; Econometrics ; Mathematical models ; Computer software ; Data management ; Computer programming ; Optimization methods ; Linear models ; Regression analysis ; Non linear programming ; Computer graphics ; Simulation ; Testing
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 330.015195 G000 CAM c2 Record No: H047140)
(1.57 MB)
15 Lowenstein, W.; Shakya, M.; Hansen, M.; Gorkhali, S. 2015. Do the poor benefit from corporate social responsibility?: a theory-based impact evaluation of six community-based water projects in Sri Lanka. Bochum, Germany: Ruhr-University Bochum. Institute of Development Research and Development Policy (IEE). 85p. (IEE Working Papers Volume 210)
Corporate culture ; Social welfare ; Water supply ; Electricity generation ; Power stations ; Development projects ; Community involvement ; Impact assessment ; Evaluation ; Strategies ; Productivity ; Stakeholders ; Agricultural production ; Irrigated farming ; Farmers ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Rural poverty ; Farm income ; Labor ; Econometrics ; Developing countries ; Case studies / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 174.4 G744 LOW Record No: H047236)
http://development-research.org/images/pdf/working_papers/wp-210.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047236.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047236.pdf
(2.47 MB) (2.47 MB)
16 Price, J. I.; Janmaat, J.; Sugden, Fraser; Bharati, Luna. 2016. Water storage systems and preference heterogeneity in water-scarce environments: a choice experiment in Nepal’s Koshi River Basin. Water Resources and Economics, 13:6-18. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wre.2015.09.003]
Water storage ; Supplemental irrigation ; Rainfed farming ; Rural communities ; Water stress ; Water supply ; Water resources ; Domestic water ; Dry season ; Households ; Welfare ; Econometrics / Nepal / Koshi River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047238)
(0.00 MB)
Many rural communities in Nepal experience considerable water stress during the dry season. Water storage systems (WSSs) have been proposed to supplement rain-fed irrigation and augment domestic water services in these communities. We evaluate household preferences for WSSs using a choice experiment and latent class modeling techniques. Results indicate the presence of three classes. The majority of households (E92%) belong to two equally-sized classes, a relatively privileged group (i.e. wealthier, better educated, etc.) with strong preferences for supplemental irrigation and a less privileged group that is mainly interested in improved domestic water services. The remaining class’ preferences are dominated by the cost attribute and are consistent with households facing severe cash constraints. Estimated welfare effects reveal that WSSs disproportionately benefit the privileged, although this disparity is mitigated with the provision of domestic water. These findings highlight the potential welfare gains from WSS investments, but stress the need for multi-purpose water resource development and the potential for elite capture.
17 Ndikumana, L.; Pickbourn, L. 2017. The impact of foreign aid allocation on access to social services in Sub-Saharan Africa: the case of water and sanitation. World Development, 90:104-114. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.09.001]
Development aid ; Social services ; Water availability ; Water supply ; Sanitation ; Population ; Public health ; Poverty ; Urban areas ; Rural areas ; State intervention ; Economic indicators ; Gross national product ; Models ; Regression analysis ; Econometrics ; Sustainable development / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048002)
(0.36 MB)
The Sustainable Development target of ensuring access to water and sanitation for all by 2030 has far-reaching implications for the achievement of the other SDGs. However, achieving this target remains a major challenge for sub-Saharan Africa, and the ability of governments in the region to expand access is constrained by limited financial resources. This paper investigates whether targeting foreign aid to the water and sanitation sector can help achieve the goal of expanding access to water and sanitation services in sub-Saharan Africa. The analysis is based on panel data estimation techniques controlling for country-specific effects and potential endogeneity of regressors. The econometric results suggest that increased aid targeted to the supply of water and sanitation is associated with increased access to these services, although the relationship is non-linear. The evidence in this study makes an important contribution to the scholarly debate on aid effectiveness. It also has important practical implications for aid policy: specifically, it suggests that in addition to scaling up aid disbursements to sub-Saharan African countries, donors need to increase aid allocation to water and sanitation as well as other areas where the region lags behind. There is also a need to identify structural constraints that may limit access to water and sanitation, and utilize foreign aid so as to alleviate these constraints.
18 Devaux, A.; Torero, M.; Donovan, J.; Horton, D. (Eds.) 2016. Innovation for inclusive value-chain development: successes and challenges. Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 529p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896292130]
Agricultural trade ; Supply chain ; Markets ; Agricultural research ; Innovation ; Collective action ; Participatory approaches ; Partnerships ; Stakeholders ; Smallholders ; Farmer participation ; Contract farming ; Households ; Rural poverty ; Gender ; Quantitative analysis ; Institutional development ; Agricultural policy ; Guidelines ; Assets ; Performance evaluation ; Agricultural production ; Coffee industry ; Livestock production ; Beef cattle ; Dairy industry ; Forage ; Agricultural economics ; Econometrics ; Models ; Developing countries ; Case studies / Africa / Andean Region / Nicaragua / Ecuador / Bolivia / Peru / Colombia / Ethiopia / Syria / Vietnam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048059)
http://www.ifpri.org/cdmref/p15738coll2/id/130788/filename/130999.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048059.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048059.pdf
(4.44 MB) (4.44 MB)
19 Becchetti, L.; Castriota, S.; Conzo, P. 2017. Disaster, aid, and preferences: the long-run impact of the tsunami on giving in Sri Lanka. World Development, 94:157-173. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.12.014]
Natural disasters ; Tsunamis ; Disaster recovery ; Development aid ; Social behaviour ; Attitudes ; Financial institutions ; Microfinance ; Loans ; Socioeconomic environment ; Econometrics ; Sensitivity analysis ; Regression analysis ; Villages ; Experimentation / Sri Lanka / Galle / Matara / Hambantota
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048148)
(0.38 MB)
Do natural disasters produce effects on preferences of victims in the long run? We test the impact of the tsunami shock on generosity of a sample of Sri Lankan affected/unaffected microfinance borrowers seven years after the event.
Specifically, we test the effect of the shock at the extensive margin by comparing damaged with non-damaged individuals in terms of giving and expected giving in a dictator game. Moreover, at the intensive margin, we compare the participants based on the amount of damage experienced and recovery aid received. The advantage of this last comparison is that differences in observables between the groups are minimized. We reduce further identification problems by selecting a random sample of damaged and non-damaged borrowers belonging to the same microfinance organization who are, therefore, likely to share some important common traits that are usually unobservable to researchers. We complete our identification strategy with weighted least squares, instrumental variable estimates and a sensitivity analysis on the exogeneity assumption.
The main findings of the paper support the hypothesis that the shock affects participants’ preferences in the long run. First, the tsunami negatively affects generosity at the extensive margin as those who suffered at least one damage give and expect less than those who did not. Second, while large recovery assistance does not directly affect giving and expected giving, it increases especially the latter indirectly, i.e., when interacted with the number of damages.
Our results reconcile that part of the literature showing evidence of natural shocks having a detrimental effect on social preferences (Fleming, Chong, Alberto, & Bejarano, 2011; Cassar, Grosjean, & Whitt, 2013) with that supporting, instead, a positive link (Solnit, 2009; Whitt & Wilson, 2007; Cassar, Healy, & Von Kessler, 2011). Furthermore, since our study focuses on the long-run impact of a natural disaster, previous results on short-run effects are not necessarily inconsistent with ours.
Specifically, we test the effect of the shock at the extensive margin by comparing damaged with non-damaged individuals in terms of giving and expected giving in a dictator game. Moreover, at the intensive margin, we compare the participants based on the amount of damage experienced and recovery aid received. The advantage of this last comparison is that differences in observables between the groups are minimized. We reduce further identification problems by selecting a random sample of damaged and non-damaged borrowers belonging to the same microfinance organization who are, therefore, likely to share some important common traits that are usually unobservable to researchers. We complete our identification strategy with weighted least squares, instrumental variable estimates and a sensitivity analysis on the exogeneity assumption.
The main findings of the paper support the hypothesis that the shock affects participants’ preferences in the long run. First, the tsunami negatively affects generosity at the extensive margin as those who suffered at least one damage give and expect less than those who did not. Second, while large recovery assistance does not directly affect giving and expected giving, it increases especially the latter indirectly, i.e., when interacted with the number of damages.
Our results reconcile that part of the literature showing evidence of natural shocks having a detrimental effect on social preferences (Fleming, Chong, Alberto, & Bejarano, 2011; Cassar, Grosjean, & Whitt, 2013) with that supporting, instead, a positive link (Solnit, 2009; Whitt & Wilson, 2007; Cassar, Healy, & Von Kessler, 2011). Furthermore, since our study focuses on the long-run impact of a natural disaster, previous results on short-run effects are not necessarily inconsistent with ours.
20 Khan, H. F.; Morzuch, B. J.; Brown, C. M. 2017. Water and growth: an econometric analysis of climate and policy impacts. Water Resources Research, 53(6):5124-5136. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR020054]
Water stress ; Economic growth ; Climate change ; Policy making ; Econometrics ; Regression analysis ; Models ; Intensive farming ; Hydroclimatology ; Weather hazards ; Precipitation ; Temperature ; River basins ; Surface runoff
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048200)
(1.76 MB)
Water-related hazards such as floods, droughts, and disease cause damage to an economy through the destruction of physical capital including property and infrastructure, the loss of human capital, and the interruption of economic activities, like trade and education. The question for policy makers is whether the impacts of water-related risk accrue to manifest as a drag on economic growth at a scale suggesting policy intervention. In this study, the average drag on economic growth from water-related hazards faced by society at a global level is estimated. We use panel regressions with various specifications to investigate the relationship between economic growth and hydroclimatic variables at the country-river basin level. In doing so, we make use of surface water runoff variables never used before. The analysis of the climate variables shows that water availability and water hazards have significant effects on economic growth, providing further evidence beyond earlier studies finding that precipitation extremes were at least as important or likely more important than temperature effects. We then incorporate a broad set of variables representing the areas of infrastructure, institutions, and information to identify the characteristics of a region that determine its vulnerability to water-related risks. The results identify water scarcity, governance, and agricultural intensity as the most relevant measures affecting vulnerabilities to climate variability effects.
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