Your search found 32 records
1 Yadav, K. P. S. 2002. Rivers(e) effect: The Andhra Pradesh government proposes to beautify Musi River - by polluting it further. Down to Earth, 10(19):21.
Rivers ; Water pollution ; Industrialization ; Effluents ; Environmental degradation / India / Andhra Pradesh / Musi River
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 5960 Record No: H029569)
2 IWMI. 2002. Poverty focused smallholder water management systems: Promoting innovative water harvesting and irrigation systems to support sustainable livelihoods in South Asia – Overview of case studies. Unpublished report. 7p.
Irrigation systems ; Small scale systems ; Drip irrigation ; Water harvesting ; Watersheds ; Tanks ; Development projects ; Water reuse ; Wastewater / South Asia / India / Nepal / Rajasthan / Alwar / Paal Revival Project / West Bengal / Purulia / Udaipur / Tamil Nadu / Ramnad / Hyderabad / Musi River
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7 G570 IWM Record No: H030686)
3 Buechler, S.; Devi, G.; Raschid, L. 2002. Livelihoods and wastewater irrigated agriculture: Musi River in Hyderabad City, Andhra Pradesh, India. Urban Agriculture Magazine, 8:14-17.
Wastewater ; Irrigated farming ; Legal aspects ; Female labor ; Fodder / India / Andhra Pradesh / Hyderabad City / Musi River
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 6352 Record No: H032354)
http://www.ruaf.org/sites/default/files/Livelihoods%20and%20Wastewater%20Irrigated%20Agriculture.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H_32354.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H_32354.pdf
(261.53 KB)
4 Buechler, S.; Gayathri Devi, M. 2003. Wastewater as a source of multiple livelihoods?: a study in rural Andhra Pradesh, South India. In Devi, R.; Ahsan, N. (Eds.), Water and wastewater: developing country perspectives. London, UK: International Water Association. pp.939-947.
Wastewater ; Water reuse ; Irrigated farming ; Labor ; Animal husbandry ; Livestock ; Domestic water ; Households ; Fisheries ; Villages ; River basins / India / Andhra Pradesh / Musi River / Hyderabad / Secunderabad
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G635 DEV Record No: H034268)
5 Buechler, S.; Devi Mekala, G. 2003. The impact of water conservation and reuse on the household economy. Paper presented at the 8th International Conference on Water Conservation and Reuse of Wastewater, Indian Water Works Association, Mumbai, India, 13-14 September 2003. 34p.
Water conservation ; Water reuse ; Water quality ; Vegetables ; Labor ; Women ; Employment ; Agricultural manpower ; Fodder ; Farmers ; Irrigated farming ; Villages ; Livestock ; Fisheries ; Rain-fed farming ; Migrant labor / India / Hyderabad / Andhra Pradesh / Musi River / Secunderabad / Pirzadiguda / Korremula / Edulabad / Bandaravirala / Pillaipalli
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G635 BUE Record No: H034271)
The urban, peri-urban and rural areas near Hyderabad city, located in Andhra Pradesh, south India are semi-arid and drought prone. In order to be able to engage in agricultural production, many farmers utilize wastewater for irrigation. Within these irrigated areas, many farmers pump groundwater for agricultural and domestic use. Five locations in the peri-urban and rural areas near Hyderabad were chosen to get a comprehensive view of groundwater use in wastewaterirrigated areas. This paper focuses on three aspects of the study: groundwater quality, farmer innovations that mitigate the harmful effects of wastewater and groundwater quality and the value of this agricultural production for the household economy. Wastewater use (or water reuse) for irrigation conserves fresh water resources in this and in many other areas of the world. In the area under study, wastewater use also causes groundwater recharge. However, 96% of domestic wastewater in Hyderabad receives little or no treatment and untreated industrial effluent is released with the wastewater into the wastewater-fed river, then into irrigation canals and storage tanks or ponds. Groundwater has become saline in all the wastewater-irrigated areas due to underground seepage, rendering it unsuitable for drinking and cooking purposes. With the rapid urban population growth and concurrent inter-basin transfers of water to meet urban water demand, wastewater volumes are increasing allowing more hectares of land to be brought under cultivation. With the expansion of wastewater-irrigated areas, groundwater levels in wastewater-irrigated areas have risen. As a result, additional land has also been brought under cultivation that is irrigated with groundwater. This generates income for more people and ensures their food security. However, groundwater pollution is also increasing. Many farming households have adapted their domestic and agricultural water use to the realities of deteriorating water quality yet greater water availability through the use of several innovative strategies.
6 Buechler, S.; Devi, G. 2003. Household food security and wastewater-dependent livelihood activities along the Musi River in Andhra Pradesh, India. Report submitted to the WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, January 2003. 32p.
Food security ; Wastewater ; Water quality ; Water reuse ; Irrigated farming ; Rivers ; Households ; Vegetables ; Rice ; Paddy fields ; Fodder ; Cropping systems ; Groundwater irrigation ; Wells ; Domestic water ; Livestock ; Water requirements / India / Andhra Pradesh / Musi River / Hyderabad / Secunderabad
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G635 BUE Record No: H034272)
7 Van-Rooijen, Daniel J.; Turral, Hugh; Biggs, Trent. 2005. Sponge city: water balance of mega-city water use and wastewater use in Hyderabad, India; Erratum to the article. Irrigation and Drainage, 54(Supplement 1):S81-S91; 54(4):483.
Wastewater ; Irrigated farming ; Water balance ; Runoff / India / Hyderabad / Krishna River / Musi River
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H037447)
8 Buechler, Stephanie; Mekala, Gayathri Devi. 2005. Local responses to water resource degradation in India: groundwater farmer innovations and the reversal of knowledge flows. Journal of Environment and Development, 14(4):410-438.
Irrigation water ; Groundwater ; Wastewater ; Water quality ; Water use ; Rice ; Farmers ; Wells / India / Musi River / Hyderabad
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G635 BUE Record No: H038272)
9 Buechler, Stephanie; Devi, Gayathri. 2006. Adaptations of wastewater-irrigated farming systems: a case study of Hyderabad, India. In van Veenhuizen, R. (Ed.). Cities farming for the future: urban agriculture for green and productive Cities. Leusden, Netherlands: Network of Resource Centres on Urban Agriculture and Food Security (RUAF Foundation); Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Silang, Philippines: International Institute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR). pp.267-273.
Urban agriculture ; Irrigation water ; Water quality ; Wastewater ; Risks ; Health hazards ; Farmers ; Irrigation canals ; Rice ; Brachiaria mutica / India / Hyderabad / Musi River
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 630 G000 VAN Record No: H039852)
(0.54 MB) (433.4KB)
10 Simmons, Robert W.; Blümmel, M.; Reddy, R. C.; Khan, A. A. 2007. Impact of wastewater irrigation on Cd and Pb concentrations in rice straw and paragrass: implications for food safety. Paper presented at the First International Conference on Food Safety of Animal Products, Amman, Jordan, 12-14 November 2007. 4p.
Wastewater irrigation ; Fodder ; Feed grasses ; Rice straw ; Cadmium ; Lead ; Health hazards ; Risks ; Food safety / India / Hyderabad / Musi River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G635 SIM Record No: H040570)
https://food-safety.uni-hohenheim.de/fileadmin/einrichtungen/food-safety/Conferece_Contributions/Impact_of_wastewater_irrigation_on_Cd_and_Pb_concentrations_in_rice_straw_and_paragrass__Implications_for_food_safety..pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H040570.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H040570.pdf
(0.11 MB) (50.50KB)
11 Celio, Mattia; Giordano, Mark. 2007. Agriculture–urban water transfers: a case study of Hyderabad, South-India. Paddy and Water Environment, 5(4): 229-237.
Water supply ; Water allocation ; Water scarcity ; Water transfer ; Urbanization ; Climate ; Irrigation water ; Domestic water ; Farmers ; Constraints ; Wastewater ; Reservoirs / India / Andhra Pradesh / Hyderabad / Maharashtra / Karnataka / Nizamsagar Irrigation Project / Manjira River / Singur Reservoir / Musi River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7 G635 CEL, IWMI 631.7 G000 BAR Record No: H040783)
Hyderabad is one of the fastest growing cities in India. To meet its rapidly expanding water needs, it constructed and began withdrawals from the Singur reservoir, located on a tributary of the Godavari River, in 1991. Administrative rules define allocation of water from the reservoir but prioritize Hyderabad urban needs over much longer established agricultural uses. Furthermore, the agricultural sector receives less water than even these rules allow, and urban withdrawals have changed the quantity and the timing of the water, which is available to agriculture. An increase in groundwater use by farmers may have been one response to these changes, with possible implications for surface and groundwater users further downstream. While proposals have been put forth to compensate the agricultural sector in general and the farmers directly affected by reallocation, for example by improving access to wastewater for irrigation downstream from Hyderabad or by conveying wastewater for irrigation purposes downstream Singur reservoir, compensation has not been implemented to date. The Hyderabad case study clearly highlights the advantages for devising and implementing arrangements to regulate the transfer of water from agriculture to cities, allowing a move from sectoral competition for water to efficient management of a scarce resource.
12 Massuel, Sylvain; George, B.; Gauer, Anju; Nune, R. 2007. Groundwater modeling for sustainable resource management in the Musi catchment, India. In Proceedings of the International Congress on Modelling and Simulation, Christchurch, New Zealand, 10-13 December 2007. pp. 1425-1439.
Groundwater management ; Simulation models ; Aquifers ; Recharge ; Water budget ; Water table ; River basins ; Irrigation programs / India / Musi River / Andhra Pradesh / Nagarjuna Sagar Left Canal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.1 G635 MAS Record No: H040940)
This study focuses on 11,000 km2 of the Musi River sub-basin which is one of the main tributaries of the Krishna River, located in Andhra Pradesh (South India). The basin has a semi-arid climate with precipitation occurring during the rainy season, from June to October and with a total average of 710 mm yr-1. During the past, the watershed development has led to significant changes in land use. Now, nearly 70% of the basin is cultivated of which 45% is irrigated. Around 60% of the water for irrigation is supplied by groundwater extraction. The number of bores in use has increased ten times from 1991 to 2001 and should currently exceeds 45,000 (on average, 1 active bore for 4.5 ha irrigated). The Musi Medium Irrigation project covers 12,500 ha and the Nagarjuna Sagar Left Canal supplies water for 43,000 ha downstream of the Musi sub-basin. Wastewater of mixed domestic and industrial origin is tilized to irrigate approximately >10,000 ha of paddy rice along the Musi River in peri-urban and rural Hyderabad. More than 1160 artificial percolation tanks had been built on the Musi catchment drainage network. The preliminary analysis of more than 60 groundwater level time series widespread all over the sub-basin (from 1989 to 2004) shows a general long term depletion trend of the water table while no significant rainfall deficit was observed over the same period. The average rate of depletion is estimated as 0.18 m yr-1 with maxima in some areas of up to 0.40 m yr-1 (Figure 1). This situation can be explained mainly by groundwater exploitation, a consequence of the watershed development for agriculture. The Musi sub-basin is mainly covered by Archaean granites with Deccan Traps at the Eastern edge. As in a typical hard rock aquifer region, the yield of the bores decreases with depth due to the reduction of the fracture density. Hence the risk of water scarcity in case of a drought year is exacerbated. In order to assess aquifer renewable reserves and help groundwater management authorities, a fully distributed physical model of the aquifer has been calibrated and validated for a transient state experienced during 1989-2004 by using MODFLOW. The key variables such as aquifer storativity and transmissivity ere determined by inverse fitting of simulated and observed groundwater levels. Mean annual simulated recharge is 1176 Mm3 (17% of total rainfall) while annual pumping is estimated at 1235 Mm3. Simulated base flow is 23 Mm3 while river leakage is less than 1 Mm3. Among the total simulated annual recharge, groundwater irrigation return flow to the aquifer can be estimated at 370 Mm3 (31%) and artificial recharge at 124 Mm3 (11%). Natural recharge from rainfall accounts for 652 Mm3 (55%). It is close to 9% of the total annual rainfall. The sustainable groundwater withdrawal yield over the period is around 1220 Mm3 for the total basin. A deficit of 124 Mm3 for the long term groundwater balance (16 years) justifies the observed depletion trend of the water-table of -0.18 m yr-1.
13 Ensink, Jeroen H. J.; Brooker, S.; Cairncross, S.; Scott, Christopher A. 2006. Wastewater use in India: the impact of irrigation weirs on water quality and farmer health. In Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC). Sustainable development of water resources, water supply and environmental sanitation: 32nd WEDC International Conference, Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 13th - 17th November 2006. Preprints. Leicestershire, UK: Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) pp.101-104.
Rivers ; Water quality ; Surveys ; Farmers ; Health hazards ; Risks ; Nematoda ; Ascaris ; Wastewater irrigation ; Weirs / India / Musi River / Hyderabad
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 WAT Record No: H041033)
14 McCartney, Matthew; Scott, Christopher; Ensink, J.; Jiang, B. B.; Biggs, Trent. 2008. Salinity implications of wastewater irrigation in the Musi River catchment in India. Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Sciences), 37(1): 49-59.
River basins ; Catchment areas ; Wastewater irrigation ; Salinity ; Water quality ; Reservoirs ; Dams ; Rice ; Feed grasses ; Models ; Water balance ; Soil salinity / India / Musi River / Andhra Pradesh / Hyderabad / Osman Sagar / Himayat Sagar
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G635 MCC, PER Record No: H041459)
http://www.sljol.info/index.php/CJSBS/article/viewArticle/495
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041459.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041459.pdf
As a consequence of increasing urbanization and shortage of good quality water, wastewater irrigation is a growing phenomenon in many arid and semi-arid countries. A common characteristic of wastewater is high salinity, with cities typically adding 200 – 500 mg l-1 of total dissolved solids compared to the source water supplied to the city. Wastewater from the city of Hyderabad in southern India is discharged to the Musi river. Downstream of the city this water, supplemented with groundwater and runoff captured in small reservoirs, is an important source for irrigation. Comparisons between upstream and downstream monitoring sites, over a distance of 39.7 km, revealed changes in the salinity of the river water. A simple mass-balance model was developed to simulate the observed differences. Results indicate that 94% of the salt load originates in the city. Downstream salinity increased by about 9%. In fields irrigated with wastewater, soil salinity increased with time with salt retention of approximately 34 kg ha-1 y-1. This represents approximately 0.1% of the total salt load applied to the land. In many places the soils have salinity in excess of recommended tolerance levels for rice, once the principal crop, but which is now increasingly being converted to fodder grass.
15 Amerasinghe, Priyanie H.; Devenish, C.; Suleman, K. B. 2008. Rainwater harvesting potential for urban agriculture in Hyderabad. Urban Agriculture Magazine, 20:34-36.
Urban agriculture ; Water harvesting ; Water storage ; Groundwater recharge ; Food security / India / Hyderabad / Musi River / Surabhi Colony
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041619)
http://www.ruaf.org/sites/default/files/UAM%2020%20-%20pagina%2034-36.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041619.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041619.pdf
(207.67 KB)
16 Devi, M. G.; Samad, Madar. 2008. Wastewater treatment and reuse: an institutional analysis for Hyderabad, India. In Kumar, M. Dinesh (Ed.). Managing water in the face of growing scarcity, inequity and declining returns: exploring fresh approaches. Proceedings of the 7th Annual Partners Meet, IWMI TATA Water Policy Research Program, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India, 2-4 April 2008. Vol.1. Hyderabad, India: International Water Management Institute (IWMI), South Asia Sub Regional Office. pp.513-523.
River basins ; Water pollution ; Sewage ; Effluents ; Pollution control ; Legislation ; Waste management ; Water quality ; Guidelines ; Wastewater irrigation ; Health hazards ; Rice ; Grasses ; Institutional reform ; Case studies / India / Hyderabad / Musi River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7 G635 KUM Record No: H041888)
(0.12 MB)
17 Gayathri Devi, M.; Buechler, S. 2009. Gender dimensions of urban and peri-urban agriculture in Hyderabad, India. In Hovorka, A.; de Zeeuw, H.; Njenga, M. (Eds). Women feeding cities: mainstreaming gender in urban agriculture and food security. Warwickshire, UK: Practicle Action Publishing. pp.35-50.
Gender ; Analysis ; Labor ; Farmers ; Women ; Urban agriculture ; Suburban agriculture ; Community involvement ; Social aspects ; Wastewater irrigation ; Grasses ; Milk production ; Vegetables / India / Hyderabad / Kachiguda / Pirzadiguda / Parvathapuram / Musi River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 338 G000 HOR Record No: H042152)
(4.21 MB)
18 Mekala, Gayathri Devi; Samad, Madar; Davidson, B.; Boland, A. M. 2009. Valuing a clean river: a case study of Musi River, Hyderabad, India. Paper presented at the 53rd Annual Conference of Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, Cairns, Australia, 13-16 February 2009. 19p.
Rivers ; Water quality ; Valuation ; Cost recovery ; Surveys ; Water pollution ; Pollution control ; Wastewater treatment ; Wastewater management / India / Hyderabad / Musi River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042325)
(0.24 MB)
The current study uses contingent valuation technique to estimate the value of clean water in river Musi in Hyderabad, India. The main source of pollution of the river is untreated domestic and industrial wastewater from the urban area of Hyderabad. Therefore, people’s Willingness To Pay [WTP] for the treatment of their wastewater to different quality levels (Level C, B & A) is estimated using a payment card method. Four variables were considered to influence the willingness to pay - number of years the household lived in Hyderabad; individual perceived importance of controlling water pollution; household income levels and proximity to the river. The results of the logistic regression confirmed that the variables - perceived importance of the respondent of controlling water pollution and household incomes have a significant influence on people’s WTP. Only 30% of the respondents were willing to pay for wastewater to be treated to level C. It was concluded from the survey results that 100% cost recovery of sewerage services and wastewater treatment would not be possible in Hyderabad in the current situation. However, a phased increase in the water tariffs accompanied with simultaneous improvements in service delivery mechanisms and awareness among consumers may be successful in the long-run.
19 Jacobi, J.; Drescher, A. W.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie H.; Weckenbrock, P. 2009. Agricultural biodiversity strengthening livelihoods in Periurban Hyderabad, India. Urban Agriculture Magazine, 22:45-47.
Wastewater irrigation ; Vegetable growing ; Vegetable crops ; Diversification ; Suburban agriculture ; Periurban areas ; Farmers ; Women / India / Hyderabad / Musi River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042332)
http://www.ruaf.org/sites/default/files/BDU-09222-UAM22%20WEB.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042332.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042332.pdf
(0.26 MB)
In periurban Hyderabad, India, leafy vegetables are increasingly grown along the Musi River and sold in urban markets. This agricultural biodiversity can significantly help urban and periurban farmers become more resilient to the impacts of such changes.
20 Jacobi, J.; Drescher, A. W.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie H. 2009. Crop diversity as a livelihood strategy?: the case of wastewater irrigated vegetable cultivation along the Musi River in periurban Hyderabad, India. [Abstract only]. In Tielkes, E. (Ed.). Biophysical and socio-economic frame conditions for the sustainable management of natural resources. Book of abstracts. International Research on Food Security, Natural Resource Management and Rural Development, Tropentag Congress, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, 6-8 October 2009. Witzenhausen, Germany: German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics. pp.111.
Wastewater irrigation ; Rivers ; Urban agriculture ; Vegetable growing ; Adaptation / India / Hyderabad / Musi River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042559)
(0.06 MB)
Along the Musi River in periurban Hyderabad, leafy vegetables are increasingly grown and sold in urban markets. Wide areas are irrigated with river water, highly polluted by sewage and industrial wastewater. Previous studies showed that periurban agriculture in Hyderabad plays an important role for the livelihoods of a diverse group of people, many of whom are women, from different castes, religions and social classes. During a field study in 2007 (in cooperation with the International Water Management Institute and the University of Freiburg, Germany), a rapid appraisal of vegetables cultivated with wastewater irrigation was carried out. In order to estimate the risk from pathogens for consumers, the percentage of vegetables consumed raw was calculated. A large number of vegetable varieties were found in the vegetable gardens, also in those where wastewater was used for irrigation, contrary to expectations. The leafy vegetables - traditionally in high demand - have a short growing season and fetch high market prices due to their usage in traditional dishes. In 2008, the study was extended to explore the role of agricultural biodiversity for livelihoods and building resilience using the sustainable livelihoods approach as theoretical background. 54 varieties of vegetables from 20 families were identified. Among those, 18 were cultivated for the leaves most of which were usually cooked. There was no significant difference in biodiversity (Shannon-Index and Simpson-Index were calculated) between wastewater and groundwater irrigated fields, but a significant difference in the species composition (almost 95% leafy vegetables where wastewater was used, around 70% fruit bearing vegetables where groundwater was used for irrigation) for several reasons such as insecure land tenure, water and soil quality, risk mitigation and market demand. Previous studies show that the use of wastewater for irrigation can have both positive and negative effects on agriculture. Besides possible health risks, fertiliser costs could be saved due to the high nutrient content of the wastewater. Agricultural Biodiversity is thus not necessarily diminished by the use of wastewater and can contribute in many ways to resilience, some of which are analysed and discussed in the study.
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