Your search found 9 records
1 Starkl, M.; Brunner, N.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Jampani, Mahesh; Kumar, D.; Asolekar, S. R.; Sonkamble, S.; Ahmed, S.; Wajihuddin, M.; Pratyusha, A.; Sarah, S. 2015. Stakeholder views, financing and policy implications for reuse of wastewater for irrigation: a case from Hyderabad, India. Water, 7(1):300-328. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w7010300]
Wastewater irrigation ; Irrigation water ; Wastewater treatment ; Water reuse ; Water pollution ; Stakeholders ; Financing ; Policy ; River basins ; Wetlands ; Farmers ; Vegetables ; Health hazards / India / Hyderabad / Telangana / Musi River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046838)
(0.58 MB) (589 KB)
When flowing through Hyderabad, the capital of Telangana, India, the Musi River picks up (partially) treated and untreated sewage from the city. Downstream of the city, farmers use this water for the irrigation of rice and vegetables. Treatment of the river water before it is used for irrigation would address the resulting risks for health and the environment. To keep the costs and operational efforts low for the farmers, the use of constructed wetlands is viewed as a suitable option. Towards this end, the paper investigates the interests and perceptions of government stakeholders and farmers on the treatment of wastewater for irrigation and further explores the consumer willingness to pay a higher price for cleaner produced vegetables. Full cost recovery from farmers and consumers cannot be expected, if mass scale treatment of irrigation water is implemented. Instead, both consumers and farmers would expect that the government supports treatment of irrigation water. Most stakeholders associated with the government weigh health and environment so high, that these criteria outweigh cost concerns. They also support the banning of irrigation with polluted water. However, fining farmers for using untreated river water would penalize them for pollution caused by others. Therefore public funding of irrigation water treatment is recommended.
2 Ahmed, S.; Alazard, M.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Boisson, A.; Jampani, Mahesh; Pavelic, Paul; Sonkamble, S.. 2014. Conceptual model of flow and transport for a hard rock aquifer-Musi River microwatershed case study. Saph Pani Deliverable 3.2. [Project report of the Enhancement of Natural Water Systems and Treatment Methods for Safe and Sustainable Water Supply in India (Saph Pani)] Vienna, Austria: Center for Environmental Management and Decision Support (CEMDS). 56p.
Water supply ; Water quality ; Water levels ; Watersheds ; Sustainability ; Aquifers ; Land use ; Land cover ; Surface water ; Geophysics ; Geology ; Rivers ; Discharges ; Pumping ; Groundwater ; Canal irrigation ; Pesticides ; Soils ; Rain ; Wastewater treatment ; Wastewater irrigation ; Monsoon climate ; Electrical conductivity ; Wells ; Case studies / India / Telangana / Musi River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046936)
https://zenodo.org/record/127160/files/Saph_Pani_D3.2_Conceptual_model_of_flow_and_transport_for_a_hard_rock_aquifer_Musi_River_microwatershed.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046936.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046936.pdf
(12.4 MB)
3 Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Jampani, Mahesh; Sonkamble, S.; Wajihuddin, Md.; Boisson, A.; Fahimuddin, Md.; Ahmed, S. 2015. Characterization and performance assessment of natural treatment systems in a wastewater irrigated micro-watershed: Musi River case study. In Wintgens. T.; Nattorp, A.; Elango, L.; Asolekar, S. R. (Eds.). Natural water treatment systems for safe and sustainable water supply in the Indian context: Saph Pani, London, UK: IWA Publishing. pp.177-190.
Wastewater irrigation ; Wastewater treatment ; Performance evaluation ; Watersheds ; Water levels ; Water quality ; Water budget ; Water balance ; Land use ; Aquifers ; Rain ; Canals ; Wetlands ; Pumping ; Flow discharge ; Agriculture / India / Telangana / Krishna River / Musi River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047550)
https://zenodo.org/record/61088/files/9781780408392_11.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047550.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047550.pdf
(11.79 MB) (1.2 MB)
4 Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Sonkamble, S.; Jampani, Mahesh; Wajihuddin, Md.; Lakshmanan, E.; Starkl, M.; Sarah, S.; Fahimuddin, Md.; Ahmed, S. 2015. Developing integrated management plans for natural treatment systems in urbanised areas: case studies from Hyderabad and Chennai. In Wintgens. T.; Nattorp, A.; Elango, L.; Asolekar, S. R. (Eds.). Natural water treatment systems for safe and sustainable water supply in the Indian context: Saph Pani, London, UK: IWA Publishing. pp. 251-264.
Integrated management ; Urban areas ; Waste water treatment plants ; Pollution prevention ; Sanitation ; Water supply ; Water quality ; Sewerage ; Waste management ; Drinking water treatment ; Lakes ; Urban wastes ; Wetlands ; Ponds ; Dams ; Stakeholders ; Contamination ; Case studies / India / Hyderabad / Chennai
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047551)
https://zenodo.org/record/61088/files/9781780408392_15.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047551.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047551.pdf
(1.9 MB)
5 Sonkamble, S.; Wajihuddin, M.; Ahmed, S.; Jampani, M.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. 2017. Natural wetlands as energy efficient wastewater treatment systems: a pilot study from Hyderabad, India [Abstract Only] In Germany. Institute for Technology and Resources Management (ITT). (Ed.). Water Security and Climate Change Conference, Cologne, Germany, 18-21 September 2017. Book of abstracts. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Technology and Resources Management (ITT) pp.91.
Natural resources ; Wetlands ; Wastewater treatment ; Pollutants ; Urban areas ; Tomography ; Geophysics / India / Hyderabad
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048334)
Energy efficient wastewater treatment systems are the current environmental concerns which prompted for the applications of natural wetlands as efficient systems at urban areas. However, a detailed investigation is highly desired to determine the efficiency determining factors relevant to structure and functions of natural wetlands for enhanced wastewater treatment. In view of this the wastewater fed natural wetland is examined by hydro-geophysical means, to decipher i) the
effective depth of physico-chemical and microbial reactions, ii) the saturated zone thickness, and iii) hydrogeological attributes enhancing the wastewater quality at Hyderabad city, India. The wetland has been scanned using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to decipher its physical structure, and hydrogeological and biogeochemical investigations are performed to understand the dynamics. The low electrical resistivity ( =10.5-34.0 O-m) and moderate hydraulic conductivity (K=2.938 m/d) acquired for saturated zone (10–15 m depth), are found the wastewater enhancing parameters in the wetlands. Geophysically derived laterally constrained inversion (LCI) models explore the maximum saturated zone of wetland up to 25 m as an effective depth for pollutant removal mechanisms. It implies the proportionality between depth to bed rock (confining layer) and wetland efficiency. Further, the bio-geochemical scanning determines the bioremediation, sedimentation, adsorption, redox reactions and ion exchange processes as wetland functions for removing nutrients (77-97%), BOD (78%), COD (76%), and microbes (99.5-99.9%) load with the discharge Q=1812 m3d-1 of treated wastewater. Further, the wetland efficiency integrated with engineered interventions help develop various NTS models with different application scenarios, that are i) constructed wetlands, ii) minimized community wetlands, and iii) single outlet system, suitable for urban, peri-urban and rural areas, respectively. The socio-economic assessment, and farmer-consumers and stakeholders survey suggest that to test and use of wetland systems implementation as a policy guideline under sustainable water management.
effective depth of physico-chemical and microbial reactions, ii) the saturated zone thickness, and iii) hydrogeological attributes enhancing the wastewater quality at Hyderabad city, India. The wetland has been scanned using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to decipher its physical structure, and hydrogeological and biogeochemical investigations are performed to understand the dynamics. The low electrical resistivity ( =10.5-34.0 O-m) and moderate hydraulic conductivity (K=2.938 m/d) acquired for saturated zone (10–15 m depth), are found the wastewater enhancing parameters in the wetlands. Geophysically derived laterally constrained inversion (LCI) models explore the maximum saturated zone of wetland up to 25 m as an effective depth for pollutant removal mechanisms. It implies the proportionality between depth to bed rock (confining layer) and wetland efficiency. Further, the bio-geochemical scanning determines the bioremediation, sedimentation, adsorption, redox reactions and ion exchange processes as wetland functions for removing nutrients (77-97%), BOD (78%), COD (76%), and microbes (99.5-99.9%) load with the discharge Q=1812 m3d-1 of treated wastewater. Further, the wetland efficiency integrated with engineered interventions help develop various NTS models with different application scenarios, that are i) constructed wetlands, ii) minimized community wetlands, and iii) single outlet system, suitable for urban, peri-urban and rural areas, respectively. The socio-economic assessment, and farmer-consumers and stakeholders survey suggest that to test and use of wetland systems implementation as a policy guideline under sustainable water management.
6 Jampani, M.; Huelsmann, S.; Liedl, R.; Sonkamble, S.; Ahmed, S.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. 2018. Spatio-temporal distribution and chemical characterization of groundwater quality of a wastewater irrigated system: a case study. Science of the Total Environment, 636:1089-1098. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.347]
Wastewater irrigation ; Irrigation systems ; Groundwater ; Water quality ; Water pollution ; Periurban areas ; Multivariate analysis ; Statistical analysis ; Models ; River basins ; Irrigation water ; Aquifers ; Irrigated land ; Periurban agriculture ; Monsoon climate ; Case studies / India / Hyderabad / Musi River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048766)
Wastewater irrigation is a common livelihood practice in many parts of the developing world. With the continuous irrigation supply, groundwater systems in these regions perceive adverse impacts due to inadequate infrastructure to treat the wastewater. The current study area, Musi River irrigation system, is one such case study located in the peri-urban Hyderabad of South India. The Musi River water, which is used for irrigation, is composed of untreated and secondary treated wastewater from Hyderabad city. Kachiwani Singaram micro-watershed in the peri-urban Hyderabad is practicing wastewater irrigation for the last 40 years. The current quality of (untreated) wastewater used for irrigation is expected to have adverse impacts on the local aquifers, but detailed investigations are lacking. To elucidate the groundwater quality dynamics and seasonality of the wastewater irrigation impacts on the peri-urban agricultural system, we analyzed the groundwater quality on a monthly basis for one hydrological year in the wastewater and groundwater irrigated areas, which exist next to each other. The spatio-temporal variability of groundwater quality in the watershed was analyzed with respect to wastewater irrigation and seasonality using multivariate statistical analysis, multi-way modeling and self-organizing maps. This study indicates the significance of combining various statistical techniques for detailed evaluation of the groundwater processes in a wastewater irrigated agricultural system. The results suggest that concentrations of the major ionic substances increase after the monsoon season, especially in wastewater irrigated areas. Multi-way modeling identified the major polluted groundwaters to come from the wastewater irrigated parts of the watershed. Clusters of chemical variables identified by using self-organizing maps indicate that groundwater pollution is highly impacted by mineral interactions and long-term wastewater irrigation. The study recommends regular monitoring of water resources and development of sustainable management strategies to mitigate the aquifer pollution in wastewater irrigation systems.
7 Sonkamble, S.; Sahya, A.; Jampani, M.; Ahmed, S.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. 2019. Hydro-geophysical characterization and performance evaluation of natural wetlands in a semi-arid wastewater irrigated landscape. Water Research, 148: 176-187. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.040]
Wastewater irrigation ; Performance appraisals ; Wetlands ; Electrical resistance ; Tomography ; Hydrogeology ; Pollutants ; Semiarid zones ; Groundwater flow ; Contamination / Southern India / Musi River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048961)
Natural wetlands are green infrastructure systems that are energy-efficient for wastewater treatment and can be found in diverse geo-environmental settings around the world. Their structure and functions, which defines the treatment efficiencies are highly varied. Wetlands over shallow bedrock and geological lineaments (weak zones) have been known to contribute to groundwater contamination. However, not many studies have been performed to understand the structure in different geological settings to identify the efficiency determining factors. Therefore, it is important to investigate the geological suitability of the natural wetlands. We examined wastewater fed natural wetlands in diverse geological settings aiming at studying the depth, geo-stability, bio-chemical interactions, and hydrogeological attributes that improve the wastewater quality, within the Musi River basin, India. The integrated geophysical scans encompassing electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), hydrogeological test, bathymetric study and hydro-chemical analysis were carried out to explore the physical structure and hydro-dynamic processes in the wetlands. ERT investigations showed that, the depth to bedrock up to 20–25 m devoid of geo-fractures (lineaments) indicated the effective depth of saturated zone as a passable scope for potential bio-chemical interactions, implying the proportionality of the deep seated (deep bedrock) wetland to the pollutant removal efficiency. The lower order of electrical resistivity range 10–35 Om and hydraulic conductivity 2.938 md-1 acquired for saturated weathered zone were found catalyzing the bioremediation, sedimentation, adsorption, redox reactions and ion exchange processes. It caused the deep seated wetland removing nitrate 194.34 kgd-1 (97.18%); sulphate 333.75 kgd-1 (77.70%); phosphate 9.66 kgd-1 (82.53%); microbes 99.99%, BOD 80%, and COD 80% load with discharge 1408 m3d-1 of treated wastewater. Further, the strategies for designating the natural wetlands as wastewater treatment systems are also discussed in this paper.
8 Jampani, M.; Liedl, R.; Hulsmann, S.; Sonkamble, S.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. 2020. Hydrogeochemical and mixing processes controlling groundwater chemistry in a wastewater irrigated agricultural system of India. Chemosphere, 239:124741. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124741]
Wastewater irrigation ; Groundwater irrigation ; Hydrology ; Geochemistry ; Aquifers ; Farming systems ; Irrigated farming ; Freshwater ; Watersheds ; Water quality ; Ion exchange ; Saturation ; Models ; Periurban areas / India / Hyderabad / Musi River Basin / Kachiwani Singaram Micro Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049333)
(2.98 MB)
In many parts of the world, wastewater irrigation has become a common practice because of freshwater scarcity and to increase resource reuse efficiency. Wastewater irrigation has positive impacts on livelihoods and at the same time, it has adverse impacts related to environmental pollution. Hydrochemical processes and groundwater behaviour need to be analyzed for a thorough understanding of the geochemical evolution in the wastewater irrigated systems. The current study focuses on a micro-watershed in the peri-urban Hyderabad of India, where farmers practice intensive wastewater irrigation. To evaluate the major factors that control groundwater geochemical processes, we analyzed the chemical composition of the wastewater used for irrigation and groundwater samples on a monthly basis for one hydrological year. The groundwater samples were collected in three settings of the watershed: wastewater irrigated area, groundwater irrigated area and upstream peri-urban area. The collected groundwater and wastewater samples were analyzed for major anions, cations and nutrients. We systematically investigated the anthropogenic influences and hydrogeochemical processes such as cation exchange, precipitation and dissolution of minerals using saturated indices, and freshwater-wastewater mixtures at the aquifer interface. Saturation indices of halite, gypsum and fluorite are exhibiting mineral dissolution and calcite and dolomite display mineral precipitation. Overall, the results suggest that the groundwater geochemistry of the watershed is largely controlled by long-term wastewater irrigation, local rainfall patterns and water-rock interactions. The study results can provide the basis for local decision-makers to develop sustainable groundwater management strategies and to control the aquifer pollution influenced by wastewater irrigation.
9 Sahya, A.; Sonkamble, S.; Jampani, Mahesh; Rao, A. N.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. 2023. Field site soil aquifer treatment shows enhanced wastewater quality: evidence from vadose zone hydro-geophysical observations. Journal of Environmental Management, 345:118749. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118749]
Wastewater treatment ; Nature-based solutions ; Water quality ; Parameters ; Experimentation ; Soil moisture ; Aquifers ; Groundwater ; Wastewater irrigation ; Periurban areas ; River basins ; Hydrogeology ; Pollutants / India / Hyderabad / Musi River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052159)
(14.20 MB)
Soil aquifer treatment (SAT) is an emerging, nature-based, economically viable wastewater treatment solution. Currently, most SAT experiments are done at the laboratory scale, which cannot generate the same conditions as natural field sites and limits the understanding of treatment efficiency. The current study carried out in situ SAT experiments in the Musi River basin in India, where wastewater irrigation is a common practice. SAT efficiency was determined using an integrated approach, including electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveys, soil investigations (grain size, permeability, and moisture measurements), and biochemical characterization of raw and SAT treated wastewater. The ERT scans of SAT column show lower order electrical resistivity 10-30 O-m with enhanced chargeability >5–6 mV/V attributed to the vadose zone, characterized by clay-rich soil and sandy soil up to 5–6 m depth. The increase in sand percentage (>70%) below 140–160 cm depth corroborates with the high moisture content (23.5%). The vadose zone permeability (K) 1.58 m/day and discharge (Q) 38.19 m3/day is used to determine the pollutants reduction efficiency of SAT column. Hydrogeological and biogeochemical observations reveal that the improved dissolved oxygen from <1.0 to 5–6 mg/L in the vadose zone catalyzes the oxidation of organic matter resulting in the reduction of BOD and COD up to 92% and 97%, respectively, and denitrification reducing NO3-- (0.55 kg/day). In addition, the precipitation and adsorption by kaolinite clay prompted the reduction of PO42- (0.26 kg/day). Furthermore, the oxic-vadose zone could not support the growth of coliforms and faecal coliforms, and the reduction observed was up to 99.99% in the SAT production well. Overall, the results indicated a positive outcome with SAT efficiency and framed the SAT sitting criteria for different geological environments.
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