Your search found 28 records
1 Liebrand, J. 2014. Masculinities among irrigation engineers and water professionals in Nepal. [PhD thesis]. Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen University. 506p.
Irrigation development ; Irrigation projects ; Irrigation engineering ; Engineers ; Gender relations ; Men ; Women ; Professional education ; Professional associations ; Bureaucracy ; Governance ; State intervention ; Government departments ; Water resources ; Farmers ; Policy ; Socioeconomic environment ; Households ; Social aspects ; Case studies / Nepal / India / Kathmandu / Chitwan / Terai Plain
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: D 333.913 G726 LIE Record No: H046866)
(10.88 MB) (10.8 MB)
2 Baker, Tracy; Cullen, B.; Debevec, Liza; Abebe, Yenenesh. 2015. A socio-hydrological approach for incorporating gender into biophysical models and implications for water resources research. Applied Geography, 62:325-338. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.05.008]
Hydrological cycle ; Gender ; Women ; Men ; Ecosystem services ; Participatory approaches ; Biophysics ; Water resources ; Research ; Landscape ; Land use ; Social aspects ; Economic analysis ; Soil water ; Assessment ; Models ; Case studies / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047073)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143622815001289/pdfft?md5=803615d66f37f639dd1dc3b0d7a52fbc&pid=1-s2.0-S0143622815001289-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047073.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047073.pdf
(2.33 MB) (2.33 MB)
Men and women interact with water resources and landscapes in different ways, and there are frequent criticisms that little research is undertaken across disciplines to address this issue. Biophysical scientists in particular struggle with how to integrate “gendered” water uses into models that are necessarily based on prevailing laws and equations that describe the movement of water through the hydrological cycle, independent of social constructs. We explore the challenges faced in developing interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research approaches and then present a simple yet innovative socio-hydrological approach using participatory three-dimensional maps. As a case study, we describe undertaking this process in Ethiopia where two three-dimensional maps (men's and women's) were separately generated to represent the same 20 km2 landscape. Mapping results indicated important distinctions in how men and women view landscapes with regard to the number and types of ecosystem services identified. For example, only women identified holy water sites along streams, while men identified twice as many sacred trees on the landscape. There was a clear focus and detailed knowledge about soils among participants in both groups. Maps developed as part of this exercise were successfully used as the principal land use input for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and results indicate that this is a valid strategy that enhances scientific knowledge and understanding of overall landscapes and ultimately adds value to research for development questions.
3 Kuppannan, Palanisami; Haileslassie, Amare; Kakumanu, Krishna Reddy; Ranganathan, C. R.; Wani, S. P.; Craufurd, P.; Kumar, S. 2015. Climate change, gender and adaptation strategies in dryland systems of South Asia: a household level analysis in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Rajasthan states of India. Telangana, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). 40p. (ICRISAT Research Program Resilient Dryland System Research Report 65)
Climate change ; Adaptation ; Gender ; Women ; Men ; Arid zones ; Households ; Income ; Poverty ; Supplemental irrigation ; Cropping patterns ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Empowerment ; Developing countries ; Drought ; Flooding ; Rural communities ; Living standards / South Asia / India / Karnataka / Rajasthan / Andhra Pradesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047162)
(2.63 MB)
4 van Koppen, Barbara; Schreiner, B. 2015. Gender-equality in statutory water law: the case of priority general authorizations in South Africa. In Hellum, A.; Kameri-Mbote, P.; van Koppen, Barbara. (Eds.) Water is life: women’s human rights in national and local water governance in southern and eastern Africa. Harare, Zimbabwe: Weaver Press. pp.507-534.
Gender ; Men ; Women ; Equity ; Discrimination ; Water law ; Water governance ; Water use ; Water resources ; Water users ; Human rights ; Administration ; Local authorities ; Legal aspects ; Legislation ; Social aspects / South Africa / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047309)
(2.18 MB)
5 van Koppen, Barbara; Tapela, B.; Mapedza, Everisto. 2015. Gender, rights, and the politics of productivity: the case of the Flag Boshielo Irrigation Scheme, South Africa. In Hellum, A.; Kameri-Mbote, P.; van Koppen, Barbara. (Eds.) Water is life: women’s human rights in national and local water governance in southern and eastern Africa. Harare, Zimbabwe: Weaver Press. pp.535-574.
Gender ; Men ; Women ; Human rights ; Political aspects ; Irrigation schemes ; Water rights ; Water resources ; Water management ; Domestic water ; Multiple use ; Food security ; Local government ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Labor ; Training ; Case studies / South Africa / Limpopo Province / Flag Boshielo Irrigation Scheme
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047310)
(3.51 MB)
6 Lebel, L.; Lebel, P.; Sriyasak, P.; Ratanawilailak, S.; Bastakoti, Ram C.; Bastakoti, G. B. 2015. Gender relations and water management in different eco-cultural contexts in northern Thailand. International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology, 11(3/4):228-246. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJARGE.2015.074096]
Water management ; Water governance ; Water use ; Water users ; Water shortage ; Gender ; Women's participation ; Men ; Agrarian reform ; Urbanization ; Ethnic groups ; Households ; River basins ; Farmers ; Decision making ; Economic aspects ; Culture
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047364)
(0.83 MB)
This paper assessed water management by households from three ethnic groups in two contrasting ecological settings (upland and lowland) in the Upper Ping River Basin in Northern Thailand. Important gender differences in the use and management of water were identified. Women are major users of water for agriculture in the uplands, but less so in the lowlands. In the lowlands irrigation is viewed as a masculine activity. In the uplands the role of women is more widely accepted, with women frequently being members of water user groups. Men, however, dominate ‘decision-making’ positions in communitybased and state-led water organisations in both upland and lowland areas. Perceptions of contributions to daily tasks, and behavioural traits important to governance roles, differed between men and women, and sometimes also across eco-cultural contexts, underlining the complexity of factors influencing gender relations in water governance.
7 Bernier, Q.; Sultana, P.; Bell, A. R.; Ringler, C. 2016. Water management and livelihood choices in southwestern Bangladesh. Journal of Rural Studies, 45:134-145. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.12.017]
Water management ; Living standards ; Agriculture ; Farmers ; Irrigation water ; Aquaculture ; Shrimp culture ; Salinity control ; Gender ; Women ; Men ; Coastal area / Southwest Bangladesh / Bagerhat / Satkhira
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047495)
(1.71 MB)
Coastal Bangladesh faces an increasing number of challenges including cyclones, tidal surges, floods, drought, saline water intrusion, waterlogging and land subsidence, which pose substantial threats to the livelihoods of the coastal inhabitants. In addition to these threats, profound social and land-use changes are complicating the livelihoods of resource users in the region, including the introduction of aquaculture and increasing competition for ground and surface water sources. The government of Bangladesh has targeted this region for investment with irrigation expansion. This paper uses a sustainable livelihood lens to understand the role of investments in water management and irrigation in driving and shaping livelihood changes and transitions over the past ten years and offers recommendations for investments. We find that while water infrastructure development has greatly enhanced the role of agriculture in coastal livelihoods over the last 10 years, further development of irrigation infrastructure should only be prioritized after issues of water governance and inequity across agricultural and aquacultural livelihoods are addressed.
8 Douthwaite, B.; Apgar, J. M.; Schwarz, A.; McDougall, C.; Attwood, S.; Senaratna Sellamuttu, Sonali; Clayton, T. 2015. Research in development: learning from the CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural Systems. Penang, Malaysia: CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural Systems. 96p. (CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural Systems Working Paper: AAS-2015-16)
Development theory ; Agricultural research ; Less favoured areas ; Partnerships ; Gender ; Equity ; Women's participation ; Men ; Households ; Aquatic environment ; Ownership ; Community involvement ; Stakeholders ; Empowerment ; Floodplains ; Reclaimed land ; Farmers ; Fish culture ; Participatory approaches ; Social aspects ; Ecology ; Resource management ; Capacity building ; Case studies / Zambia / Bangladesh / Solomon Islands / Philippines / Cambodia / Barotse / Malaita / Visayas-Mindanao / Tonle Sap
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047452)
(2.58 MB)
9 de Silva, A. 2014. Recall of malaria incidents as a measure of health attentiveness of women and men in rural Sri Lanka. Modern Sri Lanka Studies, 5(1-2),43-68.
Malaria ; Public health ; Waterborne diseases ; Rural areas ; Households ; Gender ; Role of women ; Men ; Disease control ; Social aspects / Sri Lanka / Kataragama
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047616)
(1.31 MB)
This paper reports on findings from a survey in Kataragama, Sri Lanka of the recalling of incidences of malaria. The survey was conducted in 1994, when the disease was endemic in the area. The findings were that females were better than males in recalling malaria incidents that had occurred during the previous three months. This paper argues that male/female differences in recalling malaria incidence are a consequence of the social construction of gender, particularly in relation to disease perception, caring for children, treatment seeking and preventive behaviours at the household level. The findings of this study have implications for malaria control programs, particularly at community and household levels. The paper concludes that the principal female in the household, who typically displays a high degree of attentiveness to health issues, could be effectively used for community and household disease control programs aimed at reducing the gap between the onset of the disease and treatment seeking as a means to contain the parasite reservoir of patients.
10 Tibesigwa, B.; Visser, M. 2016. Assessing gender inequality in food security among small-holder farm households in urban and rural South Africa. World Development, 88:33-49. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.07.008]
Household food security ; Gender ; Equity ; Women's participation ; Men ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Urban agriculture ; Rural areas ; Food consumption ; Models ; Income ; Socioeconomic environment / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047687)
(0.42 MB)
With the ongoing changes in climate, household food insecurity is likely to be more widespread in most small-holder and subsistence farm households in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the existence and extent of gendered household food security—or lack thereof—remains unclear. This study extends existing knowledge by assessing gender inequality in household food (in) security among small-holder farm households in urban and rural areas of South Africa. In doing-so, we use the gender of the head of household and treatment effects framework. Our results show that male-headed households are more food secure compared to female-headed households, with the latter depending more on agriculture to increase household food levels. We further find that the household food security gap between male- and female-headed households is wider in rural than in urban areas, where rural male- and female-headed households are more likely to report chronic food insecurity, i.e., are more likely than their urban counterparts to experience hunger. Interestingly, the effects of climatic characteristics on household food security are more apparent in rural than in urban areas. Our findings suggest that household food security initiatives are likely to be more effective, in closing the gender gap in household food security, if aligned with policies on urban and rural agriculture and development.
11 Weeratunge, N.; Joffre, O.; Senaratna Sellamuttu, Sonali; Bouahom, B.; Keophoxay, Anousith. 2016. Gender and household decision-making in a Lao village: implications for livelihoods in hydropower development. Gender, Place and Culture, 23(11):1599-1614. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2016.1219319]
Gender ; Women ; Men ; Decision making ; Households ; Living standards ; Water power ; Economic aspects ; Income ; Upland rice ; Rural settlement ; Reservoir operation ; Social welfare ; Labour ; Cost benefit analysis ; Equity ; Cultivation / Lao People's Democratic Republic
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047838)
Hydropower development with concomitant changes in water and land regimes often results in livelihood transformation of affected people, entailing changes in intra-household decision-making upon which livelihood strategies are based. Economic factors underlying gender dimensions of household decision-making have been studied rigorously since the 1970s. However, empirical data on gender and decision-making within households, needed for evidence-based action, remain scarce. This is more so in hydropower contexts. This article explores gender and livelihood-related decision-making within rural households in the context of hydropower development in Lao PDR. Based on a social well-being conceptual approach with data from a household survey and qualitative interviews, it focuses on household decisions in an ethnic minority resettlement site soon after displacement, from an interpretive perspective. The article, first, aims to assess the extent to which household decision-making is gendered and secondly, to understand the complex reasoning behind household decisions, especially the relevance of material, relational, and subjective factors. It argues that while most household decisions are ostensibly considered as ‘joint’ in the study site, the nuanced nature of gendered values, norms, practices, relations, attitudes, and feelings underlying these decisions are important to assessing why households might or might not adopt livelihood interventions proposed by hydropower developers.
12 Ali, D.; Bowen, D.; Deininger, K.; Duponchel, M. 2016. Investigating the gender gap in agricultural productivity: evidence from Uganda. World Development, 87:152-170. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.06.006]
Gender analysis ; Agricultural production ; Productivity ; Women farmers ; Men ; Farm managers ; Labour ; Cropping patterns ; Field size ; Crop yield ; Economic value ; Statistical methods ; Models ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment / Africa South of Sahara / Uganda
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047853)
(0.33 MB)
Women comprise 50% of the agricultural labor force in Sub-Saharan Africa, but manage plots that are reportedly on average 20–30% less productive. As a source of income inequality and aggregate productivity loss, the country-specific magnitude and drivers of this gender gap are of great interest. Using national data from the Uganda National Panel Survey for 2009–10 and 2010–11 that include a full agricultural module and plot-level gender indicator, the gap before controlling for endowments was estimated to be 17.5%. Panel data methods were combined with an Oaxaca decomposition to investigate the gender differences in resource endowment and return to endowment driving this gap. Although men have greater access to inputs, input use is so low and inverse returns to plot size so strong in Uganda that smaller female-managed plots have a net endowment advantage of 12.9%, revealing a larger unexplained difference in return to endowments of 30.4%. One-half of this is attributed to differential returns to the child dependency ratio, implying that greater child care responsibility is the largest driver of the gap. Smaller drivers include differential uptake of cash crops, differential uptake and return to improved seeds and pesticides, and differential returns to male-owned assets.
13 van Aelst, K.; Holvoet, N. 2016. Intersections of gender and marital status in accessing climate change adaptation: evidence from rural Tanzania. World Development, 79:40-50. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.11.003]
Climate change adaptation ; Gender relations ; Women ; Men ; Social structure ; Small scale farming ; Water management ; Irrigation ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Living standards ; Diversification ; Farmer participation ; Valleys ; Rural areas / Tanzania / Morogoro / Kiwege / Sinyaulime / Vikenge / Changarawe
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047977)
(0.41 MB)
Climate scholars are increasingly recognizing the importance of gender in climate change vulnerability, but often either dichotomize men and women as homogeneous categories or limit themselves to comparing male- and female-headed households. We use an intersectionality framework to examine how the adaptive strategies of Tanzanian farmers are mediated through their gender and marital statuses. Drawing on focus group discussions and using logistic regression to analyze questionnaire data, we compare the relative adoption of the different adaptive strategies of single, married, divorced, and widowed men and women. Our study shows that, while a woman’s marital status is a vital factor in determining her access to adaptive strategies, it is a less important factor in the case of men. We show that, compared with other women, widows and female divorcees are disadvantaged in the field of agricultural water management, and divorced women assume relatively more income-earning activities outside the farming sector. Finally, we find evidence of livelihood diversification at the household level through specialization by individual household members. Based on the empirical evidence, we develop a typology with which to synthesize the linkages between gender, marital status, and adaptive strategies; and we subsequently emphasize the importance of an intersectionality approach to gender and climate change policy and practice.
14 Asamoah, Bernice; Nikiema, Josiane; Gebrezgabher, Solomie; Odonkor, Elsie; Njenga, M. 2016. A review on production, marketing and use of fuel briquettes. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 51p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 07) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2017.200]
Fuel consumption ; Charcoal ; Briquettes ; Fuelwood ; Urban wastes ; Solid wastes ; Waste management ; Industrial wastes ; Organic wastes ; Recycling ; Faecal sludge ; Sewage sludge ; Renewable energy ; Domestic consumption ; Households ; Cooking ; Energy resources ; Energy generation ; Feedstocks ; Communities ; Biomass ; Environmental impact ; Agricultural sector ; Residues ; Pollution ; Emission ; Developing countries ; Gender ; Women ; Men ; Youth ; Chemicophysical properties ; Carbon ; Raw materials ; Supply chain ; Enterprises ; Marketing ; Retail marketing ; Production costs ; Small scale systems ; Public health ; Economic aspects / East Africa / Ghana / Kenya / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047991)
(2 MB)
Where modern heating and cooking fuels for domestic, institutional, commercial and industrial use are not readily available, briquettes made from biomass residues could contribute to the sustainable supply of energy. This study reviews the briquette making process, looking at the entire value chain starting from the type and characteristics of feedstock used for briquette making to the potential market for briquettes in developing countries. It also analyzes the role that gender plays in briquette production. Depending on the raw materials used and technologies applied during production, fuel briquettes come in different qualities and dimensions, and thus require appropriate targeting of different market segments. Key drivers of success in briquette production and marketing include ensuring consistent supply of raw materials with good energy qualities, appropriate technologies, and consistency in the quality and supply of the briquettes. Creating strong partnerships with key stakeholders, such as the municipality, financiers and other actors within the briquette value chain, and enabling policy are important drivers for the success of briquette businesses.
15 Flato, M.; Muttarak, R.; Pelser, A. 2017. Women, weather, and woes: the triangular dynamics of female-headed households, economic vulnerability, and climate variability in South Africa. World Development, 90:41-62. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.08.015]
Gender ; Role of women ; Women's participation ; Men ; Equity ; Households ; Climate change ; Weather ; Rain ; Labor ; Agriculture ; Economic situation ; Income ; Poverty ; Socioeconomic environment ; Demography ; Regression analysis / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048003)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X16304430/pdfft?md5=6fdbdaeee17ef39e45995508f2550461&pid=1-s2.0-S0305750X16304430-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048003.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048003.pdf
(0.96 MB) (976 KB)
Existing gender inequality is believed to be heightened as a result of weather events and climate-related disasters that are likely to become more common in the future. We show that an already marginalized group—female-headed households in South Africa—is differentially affected by relatively modest levels of variation in rainfall, which households experience on a year-to-year basis. Data from three waves of the National Income Dynamics Survey in South Africa allow us to follow incomes of 4,162 households from 2006 to 2012. By observing how household income is affected by variation in rainfall relative to what is normally experienced during the rainy season in each district, our study employs a series of naturally occurring experiments that allow us to identify causal effects. We find that households where a single head can be identified based on residency or work status are more vulnerable to climate variability than households headed by two adults. Single male-headed households are more vulnerable because of lower initial earnings and, to a lesser extent, other household characteristics that contribute to economic disadvantages. However, this can only explain some of the differential vulnerability of female-headed households. This suggests that there are traits specific to female-headed households, such as limited access to protective social networks or other coping strategies, which makes this an important dimension of marginalization to consider for further research and policy in South Africa and other national contexts. Households headed by widows, never-married women, and women with a non-resident spouse (e.g., ‘‘left-behind” migrant households) are particularly vulnerable. We find vulnerable households only in districts where rainfall has a large effect on agricultural yields, and female-headed households remain vulnerable when accounting for dynamic impacts of rainfall on income.
16 Lefore, Nicole; Weight, Elizabet; Rubin, D. 2017. Gender in irrigation learning and improvement tool. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 40p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2017.203]
Gender ; Women's participation ; Men ; Equity ; Irrigation schemes ; Decision making ; Policy making ; Irrigation schemes ; Stakeholders ; Learning ; Training ; Literacy ; Land allocation ; Water resources ; Water use ; Domestic water ; Agricultural production ; Participatory approaches ; Governance ; Performance evaluation ; Investment ; Monitoring
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048080)
(999 KB)
17 Nicol, Alan; Cordier, S.; Clement, Floriane. (Eds.) 2017. Water justice, gender and disability. SAWAS (South Asian Water Studies), 5(4):1-69. (Special issue with contributions by IWMI authors).
Water law ; Water management ; Water quality ; Water supply ; Water availability ; Natural resources management ; Drinking water ; Gender ; Men ; Women ; Planning ; Agriculture ; Sanitation ; Physical states ; Community management / South Asia / Sri Lanka / Nepal / Bangladesh / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048236)
http://www.sawasjournal.org/files/SAWAS%205(4)%202017/Full-SAWAS%205(4),%202017.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048236.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048236.pdf
(7.38 MB)
18 Lefore, Nicole; Weight, Elizabeth; Mukhamedova, Nozilakhon. 2017. Improving gender equity in irrigation: application of a tool to promote learning and performance in Malawi and Uzbekistan. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 31p. (WLE Research for Development (R4D) Learning Series 6) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2017.217]
Research and development ; Gender equity ; Learning ; Training programmes ; Performance evaluation ; Women ; Women’s participation ; Men ; Irrigation schemes ; Participation ; Improvement ; Assessment ; On-farm production ; Agricultural extension ; Agricultural production ; Productivity ; Water management ; Water allocation ; Farmers ; Market access ; Investment ; Community involvement ; Stakeholders ; Resource management ; Decision making ; State intervention / Malawi / Uzbekistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048368)
(4 MB)
This paper provides a brief synthesis of research conducted on gender in irrigation, and the tools and frameworks used in the past to promote improvement for women in on-farm agricultural water management. It then presents results from the pilot of the Gender in Irrigation Learning and Improvement Tool (GILIT) in locations in Malawi and Uzbekistan in 2015. Through the results of the tool, the paper looks at benefit sharing between men and women farmers: (i) access to irrigation scheme resources (including information, for example, in the design phase; land, water and other inputs); (ii) participation in scheme management; and (iii) access to scheme benefits, including access to market information, packaging and payments. The indicators for the tool were modelled after principles reflected in existing gender policies and strategies, and intended to improve performance at field level in line with national and regional goals. The paper concludes with informal and formal constraints to gender-equitable outcomes from irrigation investments identified during the pilot, and suggests how the tool can be used by various development actors to improve the benefits for women from investments in agricultural water management.
19 Lebel, L.; Lebel, P.; Manorom, K.; Yishu, Z. 2019. Gender in development discourses of civil society organisations and Mekong hydropower dams. Water Alternatives, 12(1):192-220. (Special issue: Farmer-led Irrigation Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Investment, Policy Engagements and Agrarian Transformation).
Civil society organizations ; Gender analysis ; Women in development ; Men ; Empowerment ; Hydropower ; Dams ; Living standards ; Rights based approaches ; Human rights ; Environmental effects ; Strategies / Lao People's Democratic Republic / Vietnam / Cambodia / Thailand / Myanmar / China / Mekong Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049112)
http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/alldoc/for-authors/486-a12-1-12/file
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049112.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049112.pdf
(1.30 MB) (1.30 MB)
'Gender in development' discourses are used to justify interventions into, or opposition to, projects and policies; they may also influence perceptions, practices, or key decisions. Four discursive threads are globally prominent: livelihoods and poverty; natural resources and the environment; rights-based; and managerial. Civil society organisations (CSOs) have been vocal in raising awareness about the adverse impacts of large-scale hydropower developments on the environment, on local livelihoods, and on vulnerable groups including women. This discourse analysis first examines how CSOs engaging in hydropower processes in the Mekong Region frame and use gender in development discourses, and then evaluates the potential of these discourses to empower both women and men. Documents authored by CSOs are examined in detail for how gender is represented, as are media reports on CSO activities, interview transcripts, and images. The findings underline how CSOs depend on discursive legitimacy for influence. Their discursive strategies depend on three factors: the organizations’ goals with respect to development, gender, and the environment; whether the situation is pre- or post-construction; and, on their relationships with the state, project developers and dam-affected communities. The implications of these strategies for empowerment are often not straightforward; inadvertent and indirect effects, positive and negative, are common. The findings of this study are of practical value to CSOs wishing to be more reflexive in their work and more responsive to how it is talked about, as it shows the ways that language and images may enhance or inadvertently work against efforts to empower women.
20 Shrestha, Gitta; Joshi, Deepa; Clement, Floriane. 2019. Masculinities and hydropower in India: a feminist political ecology perspective. International Journal of the Commons, 13(1):130-152. (Special issue: Feminist Political Ecologies of the Commons and Commoning). [doi: https://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.920]
Gender mainstreaming ; Women ; Political ecology ; Hydropower ; Gender equality ; Men ; Social aspects ; Human behaviour ; Risks ; Organizations ; Water institutions ; Public sector ; Private sector ; Case studies / India / Sikkim
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049290)
https://www.thecommonsjournal.org/articles/10.18352/ijc.920/galley/921/download/
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049290.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049290.pdf
(0.36 MB) (368 KB)
Mainstreaming gender in water governance through “how to do gender” toolkits has long been a development focus. It has been widely argued that such toolkits simplify the complex, nuanced realities of inequalities by gender in relation to water and fail to pay attention to the fact that the proposed users of such gender-water toolkits, i.e. mostly male water sector professionals, lack the skills, motivation and/or incentives to apply these toolkits in their everyday work. We adopt a feminist political ecology lens to analyse some of the barriers to reduce social inequalities in the management of global commons such as international rivers. Our findings highlight the leap of faith made in the belief that gender toolkits, as they exist, will filter through layers of a predominantly masculine institutional culture to enable change in ground realities of complex inequalities by gender. Analysing the everyday workings of two hydropower development organisations in India, we show how organisational structures demonstrate a blatant culture of masculinity. These two organisations, like many others, are sites where hierarchies and inequalities based on gender are produced, performed and reproduced. This performance of masculinity promotes and rewards a culture of technical pride in re-shaping nature, abiding by and maintaining hierarchy and demonstrating physical strength and emotional hardiness. In such a setting, paying attention to vulnerabilities, inequalities and disparities are incompatible objectives.
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