Your search found 91 records
1 Masumoto, T. 2004. Constraints on food production and perspectives for solution: Water resources. In Miyata, S.; Tada, M.; Koyama, O. (Eds.). Prospects for food security and agricultural sustainability in developing regions: New roles of international collaborative research. Proceedings of the 10th JIRCAS International Symposium. Tsukuba, Japan: JIRCAS. pp.63-72.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 630.7 G000 MIY Record No: H039263)
2 Shah, Tushaar. 2008. Needed: a new monsoon strategy: the focus should be on groundwater recharge. Pragati - The Indian National Interest Review, 16: 19-22.
Groundwater recharge ; Aquifers ; Wells ; Rain ; Monsoon climate ; Rainfed farming ; Groundwater irrigation ; Supplemental irrigation / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.6.3 G635 SHA Record No: H041378)
3 Sujarahini, K.; Ramasamy, M.; Dharmaretnam, M. 2001. Night human biting mosquitoes during the northeast monsoon in Batticaloa (dry zone) of Sri Lanka. Journal of Science, Eastern University of Sri Lanka (JSc-EUSL), 2(1)16-25.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 8026 Record No: H043325)
(0.62 MB)
4 World Water Forum. 2003. The Third World Water Forum (WWF3): proceedings of sessions on Agriculture, Food and Water, Kyoto, Japan, 19-20 March 2003. Tokyo, Japan: Japanese Institute of Irrigation and Drainage (JIID). 448p.
Water resources ; Water management ; Irrigated farming ; Paddy fields ; Social welfare ; Monsoon climate ; Food production ; Water circulation ; Water use ; Water productivity ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation water ; Irrigation management ; Participatory management ; Rice ; Water rates ; Pricing ; Humid tropics ; Virtual water ; Surface water ; Groundwater irrigation ; Ecology ; Water conservation ; Water pollution ; Water quality ; Case studies ; Sustainable development ; Water resources development ; Developing countries ; Rural areas ; Biodiversity ; Policy ; Fish ; Habitats / Asia / China / Cambodia / Taiwan / Japan / Thailand / Korea / Sri Lanka / Kumamoto Groundwater Basin / Pinga Oya / Tri Hita Karana Irrigation System
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 WOR Record No: H044225)
(0.45 MB)
5 World Water Forum. 2003. The Third World Water Forum (WWF3): proceedings of sessions on Agriculture, Food and Water, Kyoto, Japan, 19-20 March 2003. Tokyo, Japan: Japanese Institute of Irrigation and Drainage (JIID). 448p.
Water resources ; Water management ; Irrigated farming ; Paddy fields ; Social welfare ; Monsoon climate ; Food production ; Water circulation ; Water use ; Water productivity ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation water ; Irrigation management ; Participatory management ; Rice ; Water rates ; Pricing ; Humid tropics ; Virtual water ; Surface water ; Groundwater irrigation ; Ecology ; Water conservation ; Water pollution ; Water quality ; Case studies ; Sustainable development ; Water resources development ; Developing countries ; Rural areas ; Biodiversity ; Policy ; Fish ; Habitats / Asia / China / Cambodia / Taiwan / Japan / Thailand / Korea / Sri Lanka / Kumamoto Groundwater Basin / Pinga Oya / Tri Hita Karana Irrigation System
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 WOR c2 Record No: H044229)
6 Thakkar, H. 2010. Indian's irrigation challenges: underperforming dams; zero canal growth. Farmers' Forum: Issues and Ideas for Indian Agriculture, 10(6):17-23.
Dams ; Canals ; Irrigation programs ; Water power ; Water resources ; Reservoirs ; Groundwater irrigation ; Monsoon climate ; Water storage / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044795)
http://farmersforum.in/agriculture-farming-india/indias-irrigation-challenges-underperforming-dams-zero-canal-growth/
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044795.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044795.pdf
(0.74 MB)
7 Chattopadhyay, S.; Jain, R.; Chattopadhyay, G. 1990. Estimating potential evapotranspiration from limited weather data over Gangetic West Bengal, India: a neurocomputing approach. Meteorological Applications, 16(3):405-411. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/met.138]
Evapotranspiration ; Monsoon climate ; Weather data ; Weather ; Models / India / Gangetic West Bengal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045065)
(0.15 MB)
This paper reports the development of a neurocomputing-based model for estimating the potential evapotranspiration over Gangetic West Bengal, India during the summer monsoon months of June, July and August. An artificial neural network is implemented in the form of multilayer perceptron to generate the model. Three weather variables, surface temperature, vapour pressure and rainfall are used as the independent variables in generating the model. The performance of the model is judged statistically against non-linear regression in the form of asymptotic regression. The study reveals that an artificial neural network is more efficient than the regression approach to estimate the potential evapotranspiration in the summer monsoon months. Furthermore, it is established that the artificial neural network and non-linear regression have almost equal efficiency in the previously mentioned estimation in the month of June. However, in July and August the higher values of correlation and Willmott’s indices, and lower values of estimation error, indicate that the artificial neural network is more reliable than the non-linear regression approach. Since evapotranspiration is one of the basic components of the hydrological cycle and is essential for estimating irrigation water requirement, an efficient estimation procedure may help in agrometeorological modelling and irrigation scheduling in the summer monsoon months, which are of high importance for agriculture in the study zone.
8 Senanayake, F. R.; Soule, M.; Senner, J. W. 1977. Habitat values and endemicity in the vanishing rain forests of Sri Lanka. Nature, 265:351-354.
Habitats ; Rain forests ; Endemics ; Monsoon climate ; Rain ; Biogeographic regions ; Birds / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045082)
(0.36 MB)
9 Mukherji, Aditi. 2012. No green revolution without right policies. Farmers' Forum, 12(5): 38-49.
Green revolution ; Agricultural development ; Electricity ; Groundwater resources ; Groundwater irrigation ; Groundwater recharge ; Crops ; Rice ; Drinking water ; Policy ; Wells ; Tube wells ; Pumps ; Costs ; Farmers ; Water table ; Rain ; Aquifers ; Monsoon climate ; Health hazards / India / West Bengal / Punjab / Haryana / Gujarat
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045722)
(8.37 MB)
10 Mishra, A.; James, B. K.; Mohanty, R. K.; Anand, P. S. B. 2014. Conservation and efficient utilization of rainwater in the rainfed shallow lowland paddy fields of Eastern India. Paddy and Water Environment, 12(1):25-34. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-013-0355-5]
Rain water management ; Water conservation ; Water productivity ; Water quality ; Rainfed farming ; Fish farming ; Farmers ; Rice fields ; Weirs ; Monsoon climate / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046250)
(0.36 MB)
A two-stage rainwater conservation technique was intervened in the farmers field of rainfed shallow low land, in which, part of the rainwater is conserved in rice field up to the weir crest level and the remaining in a refuge for rearing of fish (Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala and Cyprinus carpio). The conserved rainwater in the refuge is also used for giving supplemental irrigation to rice crop during rainy season and growing a light duty crop in winter season. On-farm experiment was conducted in the farmer’s field for three consecutive years to study the scope and feasibility of this technique in enhancing productivity and cropping intensity. Three different weir heights (15, 20 and 25 cm) were considered as treatments with two replications each. Refuge occupying areas of 5–8 % of the rice field with a depth of 1.75 m were constructed at the downstream side of each plot. As a result of this intervention, the mono-cropped area could be gradually brought under double cropping. The rice yield increased from 1.8 to 5.3 t/ha. Fish yield of as high as 1,693 kg/ha was obtained for a fish rearing period of about 6 months. The net water productivity increased from 3.76 to 7.38 Rs./m3. The highest net return of Rs. 63,572 was recorded in 20 cm weir height plots with a benefit cost ratio of 2.60. The system generated employment opportunity, increased income for farmers and provided nutritional security.
11 Lacombe, Guillaume; McCartney, Matthew. 2014. Uncovering consistencies in Indian rainfall trends observed over the last half century. Climatic Change, 123(2):287-299.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046286)
http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10584-013-1036-5.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046286.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046286.pdf
(0.57 MB) (587.68 KB)
Food security in India is tightly linked to rainfall variability. Trends in Indian rainfall records have been extensively studied but the subject remains complicated by the high spatiotemporal variability of rainfall arising from complex atmospheric dynamics. For various reasons past studies have often produced inconsistent results. This paper presents an analysis of recent trends in monthly and seasonal cumulative rainfall depth, number of rainy days and maximum daily rainfall, and in the monsoon occurrence (onset, peak and retreat). A modified version of the Mann-Kendall test, accounting for the scaling effect, was applied to 29 variables derived from square-degree-resolution daily gridded rainfall (1951–2007). The mapping of gridded trend slopes and the regional average Kendall test were used concurrently to assess the field significance of regional trends in areas exhibiting spatial homogeneity in trend directions. The statistics we used account for temporal and spatial correlations, and thus reduce the risk of overestimating the significance of local and regional trends. Our results i/ improve available knowledge (e.g. 5 %-field-significant delay of the monsoon onset in Northern India); ii/ provide a solid statistical basis to previous qualitative observations (e.g. 1 %-field-significant increase/decrease in pre-monsoon rainfall depth in northeast/southwest India); and, iii/ when compared to recent studies, show that the field significance level of regional trends (e.g. in rainfall extremes) is test-dependent. General trend patterns were found to align well with the geography of anthropogenic atmospheric disturbances and their effect on rainfall, confirming the paramount role of global warming in recent rainfall changes.
12 Panda, D. K.; Mishra, Atmaram; Kumar, A.; Mandal, K. G.; Thakur, A. K.; Srivastava, R. C. 2014. Spatiotemporal patterns in the mean and extreme temperature indices of India, 1971–2005. International Journal of Climatology, 34(13):3585-3603. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3931]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046422)
This study provides the comprehensive analysis of changes in mean and extreme temperature indices of India to assist the climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies and to add information for the global comparisons, using a high-resolution daily gridded temperature data set (1 ×1 ) during 1971–2005. In addition to the indices recommended by the World Meteorological Organization/CLIVAR Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices, few more indices having social and agricultural implication are investigated at the seasonal and annual scales, utilizing widely adopted statistical methodologies in climate research. The results show, in general, a robust signal of warming, broadly consistent with what has been observed and predicted in other parts of the world in the context of global warming. The frequency and intensity of warm extremes, especially representing the daily minimum temperature, have increased with simultaneous decreases in cold extremes in large parts of the country, but the spatial distribution of the trend magnitude reflects the complex natural climatic settings of India and its possible interaction with the anthropogenic forcing. Seasonal analysis reveals a faster warming in day and night temperatures in winter affecting the major wheat crop. In summer, however, both human and ecosystems appear to be more vulnerable to the increasing tendency of the heatwave occurrences, particularly during night-time, since the 1990s. The relationship with the large-scale natural climatic modes indicates that the warming indices tend to increase in the year following the El Ni˜no events as evident from the correlation with the NINO3.4 index, with a relatively higher association in the monsoon season. Moreover, the concurrent correspondence of the summer heatwaves with the north Indian Ocean sea surface temperature suggests a degree of predictability of the heat stress episode.
13 Bharati, Luna; Gurung, Pabitra; Bhattarai, Utsav. 2016. Past and future variability in the hydrological regime of the Koshi basin, Nepal. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 61(1):79-93. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2014.952639]
Hydrology ; Models ; Climate change ; Adaptation ; Precipitation ; Monsoon climate ; Winter ; River basins ; Soil management ; Assessment ; Water yield / Nepal / Koshi River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046581)
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02626667.2014.952639
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046581.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046581.pdf
(4.11 MB)
Planning adaptation strategies in response to climate change (CC) can be a daunting task, especially in regions such as the Koshi Basin in the Himalayas; where CC impacts are still uncertain. This paper recommends targeting adaptation strategies by focusing on changes in variability between the past and future climates at smaller scales. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) are used for analysis. Results show: (i) higher maximum precipitation during monsoon and post-monsoon, and lower maximum precipitation during winter; (ii) increase in precipitation and flows in the trans mountain region during all seasons, except for flows during monsoon; (iii) increase in post-monsoon precipitation and routed flow volumes; (iv) decrease in precipitation during winter and routed flow volumes in all the regions, except the trans mountain region; and (v) increase in frequency of high peak flows and decrease in baseflows.
14 Brindha, Karthikeyan; Elango, L. 2015. Cross comparison of five popular groundwater pollution vulnerability index approaches. Journal of Hydrology, 524:597-613. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.03.003]
Groundwater pollution ; Groundwater recharge ; Water levels ; Water table ; Aquifers ; Sustainability ; Pesticides ; Nitrogen assimilation ; Land use ; Contamination ; Monsoon climate ; Rain ; Soil sampling / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046948)
(1.78 MB)
Identification of a suitable overlay and index method to map vulnerable zones for pollution in weathered rock aquifers was carried out in this study. DRASTIC and four models derived from it, namely Pesticide DRASTIC, modified DRASTIC, modified Pesticide DRASTIC and Susceptibility Index (SI) were compared by applying them to a weathered rock aquifer in southern India. The results were validated with the measured geochemical data. This study also introduces the use of temporal variation in the groundwater level and nitrate concentration in groundwater as input and for validation respectively to obtain more reliable and meaningful results. Sensitivity analysis of the vulnerability index maps highlight the importance of one parameter over another for a given hydrogeological setting, which will help to plan the field investigations based on the most or the least influential parameter. It is recommended to use modified Pesticide DRASTIC for weathered rock regions with irrigation practises and shallow aquifers (<20 m bgl). The crucial input due to land use should not be neglected and to be considered in any hydrogeological setting. It is better to estimate the specific vulnerability wherever possible rather than the intrinsic vulnerability as overlay and index methods are more suited for this purpose. It is also necessary to consider the maximum and minimum values of input parameters measured during a normal year in the models used for decision making.
15 Zacharias, M.; Kumar, S. N.; Singh, S. D.; Rani, D. N. S.; Aggarwal, Pramod Kumar. 2014. Assessment of impacts of climate change on rice and wheat in the Indo-Gangetic plains. Journal of Agrometeorology, 16(1):9-17.
Climate change ; Monsoon climate ; Temperature ; Rain ; Crop modelling ; Crop management ; Rice ; Wheat / India / Pakistan / Bangladesh / Indo-Gangetic Plains
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046907)
In this paper, the climate change scenarios of A2 and B2 for 2070-2100 time scale (denoted as 2080) for several key locations of India and its impact on rice and wheat crops based on regional climate model (PRECIS) were described. The PRECIS projects an increase in temperature over most parts of India especially in the IGP (Indo-Gangetic Plains), the region that presently experiences relatively low temperatures. Extreme high temperature episodes and rainfall intensity days are projected to become more frequent and the monsoon rainfall is also projected to increase. Rabi (mid Nov-March) season is likely to experience higher increase in temperature which could impact and hence become threat to the crops which really require low temperature for their growth. Climatic variability is also projected to increase in both A2 and B2 scenarios. All these projected changes are likely to reduce the wheat and rice yields in Indo-Gangetic plains of India. It is likely that there will be more number of years with low yields occurs towards the end of the century. Such yield reductions in rice and wheat crops due to climate change are mediated through reduction in crop duration, grain number and grain filling duration. The yield loss will be more in A2 scenario compared to B2. These quantitative estimates still have uncertainties associated with them, largely due to uncertainties in climate change projections, future technology growth, availability of inputs such as water for irrigation, changes in crop management and genotype. These projections nevertheless provide a direction of likely change in crop productivity in future climate change scenarios.
16 Ahmed, S.; Alazard, M.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Boisson, A.; Jampani, Mahesh; Pavelic, Paul; Sonkamble, S. 2014. Conceptual model of flow and transport for a hard rock aquifer-Musi River microwatershed case study. Saph Pani Deliverable 3.2. [Project report of the Enhancement of Natural Water Systems and Treatment Methods for Safe and Sustainable Water Supply in India (Saph Pani)] Vienna, Austria: Center for Environmental Management and Decision Support (CEMDS). 56p.
Water supply ; Water quality ; Water levels ; Watersheds ; Sustainability ; Aquifers ; Land use ; Land cover ; Surface water ; Geophysics ; Geology ; Rivers ; Discharges ; Pumping ; Groundwater ; Canal irrigation ; Pesticides ; Soils ; Rain ; Wastewater treatment ; Wastewater irrigation ; Monsoon climate ; Electrical conductivity ; Wells ; Case studies / India / Telangana / Musi River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046936)
https://zenodo.org/record/127160/files/Saph_Pani_D3.2_Conceptual_model_of_flow_and_transport_for_a_hard_rock_aquifer_Musi_River_microwatershed.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046936.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046936.pdf
(12.4 MB)
17 Chinnasamy, Pennan; Misra, Gourav; Shah, Tushaar; Maheshwari, B.; Prathapar, Sanmugam. 2015. Evaluating the effectiveness of water infrastructures for increasing groundwater recharge and agricultural production – a case study of Gujarat, India. Agricultural Water Management, 158:179-188. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.05.009]
Groundwater recharge ; Agricultural production ; Water storage ; Water availability ; Watersheds ; Remote sensing ; Investment ; Soil moisture ; Farmland ; Seasonal cropping ; Monsoon climate ; Rain ; Vegetation ; Case studies / India / Gujarat
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047012)
(2.38 MB)
Groundwater for agricultural purposes is of utmost importance in the Indian state of Gujarat. To augment existing agricultural water resources, the Gujarat Government invested in many large-scale and smallscale water infrastructures (WI). In order to increase water storage and groundwater recharge and to justify further investments in WI, a better understanding on the impacts of past WIs is needed. This study uses data from NASA’s Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), along with soil moisture data from the Global Land Data Assimilation Systems, to estimate water storage before and after the intensification in the investment in WIs. In addition, Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) sensor was used to show changes in seasonal cropped areas during the same period. The analysis of data showed that the water storage in the state was estimated to be 24 BCM in 2003–2004 and 30 BCM in 2010–2011, an increase of 29% pre and post WI intensification. The Pixel Crop Duration Index (PCDI) indicated an increase in cropped area (at district level) in 2010–2011 when compared with 2003–2004 period, by 30% on yearly basis and about 80% during non-monsoon period. Results also indicates a significant net increase in water storage (by 5890 M m3 after water used for crop intensification) and increase in agricultural crop area (by 63,862 km2) in Gujarat during the period of intensification in infrastructures for water storage and groundwater recharge. Results also indicate that some districts have higher net water storage (compared to 2003), however the cropped area duration - PCDI has not increased much (e.g., Valsad and Navsari). The findings of this study can increase the understanding of the potential of WIs and provide valuable guidance for increasing cropped area in high water storage regions of Gujarat.
18 Amarasinghe, Upali A.; Kakumanu, Krishna Reddy; Rao, M.; Anand, S.; Mehra, K.; Phillip, A.; Prathapar, S. 2015. Water security in the Bhadrachalam catchment within the Godavari Basin: emerging issues and potential solutions. Project final report – Annexes. Project Final Report Submitted to ITC Limited under the project “Water Security of the Bhadrachalam Catchment”. 110p.
Water security ; Water accounting ; Water supply ; Water use ; Water demand ; Water table ; Water quality ; Surface water ; Drinking water ; Catchment areas ; Aquifers ; River basins ; Environmental flows ; Groundwater recharge ; Remote sensing ; GIS ; Rehabilitation ; Rain ; Runoff ; Cost benefit analysis ; Stakeholders ; Farmers ; Tank irrigation ; Satellite imagery ; Households ; Living standards ; Wastewater irrigation ; Soils ; Monsoon climate ; Case studies / India / Godavari River / Bhadrachalam catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047040)
(1.64 MB)
19 Amarasinghe, Upali A.; Kakumanu, Krishna Reddy; Rao, M.; Anand, S.; Mehra, K.; Phillip, A.; Prathapar, S. 2015. Water security in the Bhadrachalam catchment within the Godavari Basin: emerging issues and potential solutions. Project final report. Project Final Report Submitted to ITC Limited under the project “Water Security of the Bhadrachalam Catchment”. 38p.
Water security ; Water availability ; Water accounting ; Groundwater recharge ; Water table ; Water quality ; Water use ; Aquifers ; Tank irrigation ; Rehabilitation ; Cost benefit analysis ; Catchment areas ; River basins ; Remote sensing ; GIS ; Monsoon climate ; Runoff ; Rain ; Wastewater ; Case studies / India / Godavari River / Bhadrachalam catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047039)
(0.89 MB)
20 Ashraf, M.; Bhatti, Muhammad Tousif; Shakir, A. S.; Tahir, A. A.; Ahmad. A. 2015. Sediment control interventions and river flow dynamics: impact on sediment entry into the large canals. Environmental Earth Sciences, 74(7):5465-5474. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4604-3]
Sedimentation ; Rivers ; Stream flow ; Monsoon climate ; Flooding ; Canal irrigation ; Water yield ; Flow discharge / India / Pakistan / Chenab River / Marala Ravi Link Canal / Upper Chenab Canal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047101)
(0.77 MB)
At Marala barrage, two canals, i.e. Marala Ravi Link Canal (MRLC) and Upper Chenab Canal (UCC) off-take from left side of the River Chenab. MRLC has a very old history of experiencing sedimentation issues. Several attempts have been made to counterfoil or minimize this problem in the recent past. Two remarkable measures are the remodeling of MRLC in 2000-2001 (in-tervention-1) and the shifting of the confluence point of a heavily sediment-laden upstream tributary of the Chenab River by construction of a spur dike in 2004 (intervention-2). This paper investigates the effectiveness of these structural interventions as sedimentation control measures. The baseline period is selected from 1997 to 2000 and the impact is analyzed for two post-intervention time steps, i.e. evaluation period-1 ranging from 2001 to 2004 and evaluation period-2 from 2005 to 2011. Results obtained from double mass analysis revealed that sediment load increased by 33 and 8 % due to intervention-1, while decreased by 12 and 22 % due to intervention-2 in MRLC and UCC, respectively. The results suggest that monsoon floods are mainly responsible for sediment loading in the canals (66 % for UCC and 73 % for MRLC), supported by the finding that effective discharge (1900 m3 s-1) is almost twice the mean annual river discharge. The discharge classes between 900 and 2900 m3 s- 1 are mainly responsible for major proportion (89 % in MRLC and 86 % in UCC) of the total sediment load over the 15-year study period. The intervention-1 could not minimize the sediment entry into the canals; rather it aggravated the situation. The intervention-2, however, proved a useful structural measure in this regard.
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