Your search found 53 records
1 Castella, J. C.; Kam, S. P.; Quang, D. D.; Verburg, P. H.; Hoanh, Chu Thai. 2007. Combining top-down and bottom-up modelling approaches of land use/cover change to support public policies: application to sustainable management of natural resources in northern Vietnam. Land Use Policy, 24:531–545.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.4 G784 CAS Record No: H039278)
2 Chi, V. K.; Govers, G. 2005. Analysis of land use/land cover changes in Suoi Muoi Catchment, North West Vietnam. In De Silva, R. P. (Ed.). Sweden international training course on remote sensing education for educators, decadal proceedings 1990-2004: a collection of selected papers submitted by former participants. Peradeniya, Sri Lanka: Geo Informatics Society of Sri Lanka (GISSL) pp.87-96.
Catchment areas ; Land use ; Land cover change ; Analysis ; GIS ; Villages ; Housing / Vietnam / Suoi Muoi Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 526.0285 G570 DES Record No: H040880)
3 Lacombe, Guillaume; Pierret, A. 2011. Land cover change and catchment water yields: from local to regional scales. [Abstract only] Paper presented at the International Conference on Watershed Management - From Local Watershed Management to Integrated River Basin Management at National and Transboundary Levels, convened by the Mekong River Commission, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 9-11 March 2011. 3p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043679)
(0.06 MB)
Catchment water yields control the availability of the water resource and the levels of flood risk. With the demographic rise that is underway in the developing world, inter-dependencies between populations and flow variability become higher. A better management of watersheds, from local to regional levels, is therefore required.
The prerequisite for a sound catchment water management is a clear understanding of the drivers of flow variability, in relation to four main ranges of controlling factors, namely i/ the climate (rainfall-runoff relationship), ii/ water infrastructures (i.e. river flow regulated by hydropower dams), iii/ water withdrawals mainly for irrigation and iv/ land cover changes. The hydrological impacts of the first three categories of controlling factors are relatively easy to assess, as demonstrated by previous modeling efforts, noticeably in the Mekong Basin. In contrast, the way land-cover changes alter catchments’ runoff responses is less obvious and still subject to controversy.
The most reliable facts, which seem to be widely and independently acknowledged, are that deforestation, via the reduction of evapotranspiration, increases annual basin water yield, while afforestation results, over the long term, in opposite trends. These relationships were established based on analyses of hundreds of paired catchments whose surface areas rarely exceed 2 km2. The impact of land cover change on seasonal flows not only depends on evapotranspiration rates but also on soil properties such as permeability and water storage capacity, and rainfall intensities. For example, in very particular conditions, deforestation may reduce infiltration which, if not offset by a reduction in evapotranspiration, may result in reduced low flows during the dry season. For extreme flood events, the impact of reforestation may become imperceptible as over such short periods, evapotranspiration does not control the runoff response. These two examples indicate that, although deforestation and reforestation generally increases and decreases, respectively, low flows and flood peaks, the hydrological impacts of land cover changes do not follow a general rule as they depend on a complex convolution of climatic, edaphic and biological factors. However, a recent study undertaken in northern Laos in a 0.7 km2 headwater catchment under shifting cultivation corroborates most of previous results observed in other parts of the world: the development of fallow vegetation reduces groundwater recharge, leading to a drop in annual stream flow due to a decrease in wet and dry season base-flow.
Studies on the hydrological impact of land cover change over large catchments (i.e. > 1000km2) are extremely rare, in comparison with the abundance of small-scale studies. This is explained by several facts: over large areas, the heterogeneity of land covers combined with the spatial variability of climate compounds the attribution of observed hydrological changes; counteracting changes in vegetation covers may occur simultaneously and result in an apparent basin-wide stability of the runoff production. However, the sudden and irreversible bomb-induced deforestation that occurred over more than 50,000 km2 in the lower Mekong Basin during the Vietnam War has been found to have significantly increased the runoff production. This unique example of flow change induced by broad-scale deforestation in Southeast Asia demonstrates that the causal link between flow and vegetation established in small catchments can still hold over an area 4 orders of magnitude larger.
The 5 key messages:
Deforestation and reforestation increase and decrease annual water yields, respectively.
Seasonal flow response (base flow and floods) to land cover changes are less predictable and depend on climate, soil and biological conditions.
Over large scales, the detection of hydrological change is difficult, due to the heterogeneity of land cover and of their change.
Land-cover changes may have deeper hydrological impact than those expected from climate change, irrigation and hydropower development.
The inclusion of land-cover changes in the Mekong hydrological models is urgently required as land-cover change is expected to continue at a high rate over the coming decades.
The prerequisite for a sound catchment water management is a clear understanding of the drivers of flow variability, in relation to four main ranges of controlling factors, namely i/ the climate (rainfall-runoff relationship), ii/ water infrastructures (i.e. river flow regulated by hydropower dams), iii/ water withdrawals mainly for irrigation and iv/ land cover changes. The hydrological impacts of the first three categories of controlling factors are relatively easy to assess, as demonstrated by previous modeling efforts, noticeably in the Mekong Basin. In contrast, the way land-cover changes alter catchments’ runoff responses is less obvious and still subject to controversy.
The most reliable facts, which seem to be widely and independently acknowledged, are that deforestation, via the reduction of evapotranspiration, increases annual basin water yield, while afforestation results, over the long term, in opposite trends. These relationships were established based on analyses of hundreds of paired catchments whose surface areas rarely exceed 2 km2. The impact of land cover change on seasonal flows not only depends on evapotranspiration rates but also on soil properties such as permeability and water storage capacity, and rainfall intensities. For example, in very particular conditions, deforestation may reduce infiltration which, if not offset by a reduction in evapotranspiration, may result in reduced low flows during the dry season. For extreme flood events, the impact of reforestation may become imperceptible as over such short periods, evapotranspiration does not control the runoff response. These two examples indicate that, although deforestation and reforestation generally increases and decreases, respectively, low flows and flood peaks, the hydrological impacts of land cover changes do not follow a general rule as they depend on a complex convolution of climatic, edaphic and biological factors. However, a recent study undertaken in northern Laos in a 0.7 km2 headwater catchment under shifting cultivation corroborates most of previous results observed in other parts of the world: the development of fallow vegetation reduces groundwater recharge, leading to a drop in annual stream flow due to a decrease in wet and dry season base-flow.
Studies on the hydrological impact of land cover change over large catchments (i.e. > 1000km2) are extremely rare, in comparison with the abundance of small-scale studies. This is explained by several facts: over large areas, the heterogeneity of land covers combined with the spatial variability of climate compounds the attribution of observed hydrological changes; counteracting changes in vegetation covers may occur simultaneously and result in an apparent basin-wide stability of the runoff production. However, the sudden and irreversible bomb-induced deforestation that occurred over more than 50,000 km2 in the lower Mekong Basin during the Vietnam War has been found to have significantly increased the runoff production. This unique example of flow change induced by broad-scale deforestation in Southeast Asia demonstrates that the causal link between flow and vegetation established in small catchments can still hold over an area 4 orders of magnitude larger.
The 5 key messages:
Deforestation and reforestation increase and decrease annual water yields, respectively.
Seasonal flow response (base flow and floods) to land cover changes are less predictable and depend on climate, soil and biological conditions.
Over large scales, the detection of hydrological change is difficult, due to the heterogeneity of land cover and of their change.
Land-cover changes may have deeper hydrological impact than those expected from climate change, irrigation and hydropower development.
The inclusion of land-cover changes in the Mekong hydrological models is urgently required as land-cover change is expected to continue at a high rate over the coming decades.
4 Mohammed, M. A. 2007. Hydrological responses to land cover changes: modelling case study in Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. MSc thesis. Enschede, Netherlands: International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC). 64p. + annexes.
Hydrological cycle ; Land cover change ; River basins ; Case studies ; Simulation models ; Rainfall-runoff relationships ; Soil moisture ; Mapping ; Satellite imagery ; Data analysis ; Evaporation / Ethiopia / Blue Nile River Basin / Chemoga Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.48 G136 MOH Record No: H043880)
(0.07 MB)
5 Bharati, Luna; Jayakody, Priyantha. 2011. Hydrological impacts of inflow and land-use changes in the Gorai River catchment, Bangladesh. Water International, 36(3):357-369. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2011.586200]
Land use ; Land cover change ; Hydrological factors ; Rivers ; Catchment areas ; Dams ; Models ; Water balance / Bangladesh / Gorai River catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H043966)
(2.04 MB)
This study looks at the changes in water balance in the Gorai River Catchment in the Bangladesh delta before and after operationalization of Farakka Barrage. Results show that in ow into the catchment has decreased, but major changes in land use within the catchment have also impacted runoff. Model scenarios demonstrate that although increasing in ow from upstream is the most effective method to increase dry season ows into the delta, reduction in cultivation of water-intensive crops would provide an alternative solution.
6 Melesse, A. F.; Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; McCornick, P. 2011. Introduction: hydrology of the Niles in the face of climate and land-use dynamics. In Melesse, A. M. (Ed.). Nile River Basin: hydrology, climate and water use. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.vii-xxvii.
Hydrology ; River basins ; Climate change ; Land use ; Land cover change ; Hydrometeorology / Ethiopia / Nile River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.483 G136 MEL Record No: H044020)
(0.40 MB)
7 Pavlinov, I. Y. (Ed.). 2011. Research in biodiversity - models and applications. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech. 364p.
Biodiversity conservation ; Regression analysis ; Mathematical models ; Ecosystems ; History ; Land cover change ; Research networks ; Forests ; Grasslands ; Environmental impact assessment ; Species ; Coleoptera ; Breeding ; Climate change ; Legal aspects ; Environmental legislation ; GIS ; Mapping ; Case studies ; Morphology / South Africa / Africa South of Sahara / Europe / India / Costa Rica / Brazil / Mexico / Japan / China / Austria / Ntumbuloko / Limpopo Province / Boreal Forest / Western Ghats / Marajo Island / Amazonian Savannas
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044388)
http://www.intechopen.com/books/show/title/research-in-biodiversity-models-and-applications
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044388.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044388.pdf
(33.45 MB) (31.8MB)
8 Amarnath, Giriraj; Murthy, M. S. R.; Shrestha, B. 2011. Evaluating biodiversity and spatial simulation of land-cover change in the tropical region of Western Ghats, India. In Pavlinov, I. Y. (Ed.). Research in biodiversity - models and applications. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech. pp.115-144.
Biodiversity ; Simulation models ; Land cover change ; Land use ; Satellite surveys ; Forests ; Vegetation ; Species ; Landscape ; Analytical methods / India / Western Ghats
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044390)
http://www.intechopen.com/source/pdfs/21532/InTech-Evaluating_biodiversity_and_spatial_simulation_of_land_cover_change_in_the_tropical_region_of_western_ghats_india.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044390.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044390.pdf
(3.10 MB) (439.47KB)
9 Wagener, T.; Franks, S.; Gupta, H. V.; Bogh, E.; Bastidas, L.; Nobre, C.; de Oliverira Galvao, C. (Eds.) 2005. Regional hydrological impacts of climatic change: impact assessment and decision making. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Regional Hydrological Impacts of Climate Variability and Change with an Emphasis on Less Developed Countries (S6) held during the 7th Scientific Assembly of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS), Foz do Iguaco, Brazil, 3-9 April 2005. Part 1. Wallingford, UK: International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS). 356p. (IAHS Publication 295)
Climate change ; Hydrological factors ; Impact assessment ; Decision making ; Agricultural development ; River basins ; Water resources ; Water management ; Coastal area ; Stream flow ; Catchment areas ; Semiarid climate ; Lakes ; Population growth ; Air pollution ; Land cover change ; Hydroelectric schemes ; Flooding ; Evapotranspiration ; Watersheds ; GIS ; Arid zones ; Semiarid zones ; Sea water ; Water temperature ; Alluvial aquifers ; Models ; Satellite observation ; Forecasting ; Afforestation ; El Nino-Southern Oscillation ; Case studies / South America / North America / Europe / Africa / Asia / Brazil / Argentina / USA / Greece / Balkan Peninsula / West Africa / Benin / Cameroon / Lebanon / Nepal / Pakistan / India / China / Western Australia / Northeast Brazil / Trinidad / Vietnam / Eastern Australia / La Plata Basin / Taquari River Basin / Patagonia / Aliakmon River Basin / Black Sea / Volta Basin / Logone-Chari Plain / Himalayan Basin / Upper Indus Basin / Ganga Basin / Damodar River Basin / Yellow River Basin / Susannah Brook / Nordeste / St. Joseph Watershed / Himalayas / Red River Basin / Indian Ocean
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 577.22 G000 WAG Record No: H046622)
(0.44 MB)
10 Gumindoga, W.; Rientjes, T.; Shekede, M. D.; Rwasoka, D. T.; Nhapi, I.; Haile, Alemseged Tamiru. 2014. Hydrological impacts of urbanization of two catchments in Harare, Zimbabwe. Remote Sensing, 6(12):12544-12574. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61212544]
Hydrological factors ; Urbanization ; Impact assessment ; Catchment areas ; Water management ; Water resources ; Water table ; Land cover change ; Remote sensing ; Satellite imagery ; Rain ; Runoff ; Models ; Woodlands ; Deforestation ; Stream flow ; Soils ; Infiltration / Zimbabwe / Harare / Mukuvisi Catchment / Marimba Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046874)
(9.22 MB)
By increased rural-urban migration in many African countries, the assessment of changes in catchment hydrologic responses due to urbanization is critical for water resource planning and management. This paper assesses hydrological impacts of urbanization on two medium-sized Zimbabwean catchments (Mukuvisi and Marimba) for which changes in land cover by urbanization were determined through Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images for the years 1986, 1994 and 2008. Impact assessments were done through hydrological modeling by a topographically driven rainfall-runoff model (TOPMODEL). A satellite remote sensing based ASTER 30 metre Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was used to compute the Topographic Index distribution, which is a key input to the model. Results of land cover classification indicated that urban areas increased by more than 600 % in the Mukuvisi catchment and by more than 200 % in the Marimba catchment between 1986 and 2008. Woodlands decreased by more than 40% with a greater decrease in Marimba than Mukuvisi catchment. Simulations using TOPMODEL in Marimba and Mukuvisi catchments indicated streamflow increases of 84.8 % and 73.6 %, respectively, from 1980 to 2010. These increases coincided with decreases in woodlands and increases in urban areas for the same period. The use of satellite remote sensing data to observe urbanization trends in semi-arid catchments and to represent catchment land surface characteristics proved to be effective for rainfall-runoff modeling. Findings of this study are of relevance for many African cities, which are experiencing rapid urbanization but often lack planning and design.
11 Ouedraogo, I.; Barron, Jennie; Tumbo, S. D.; Kahimba, F. C. 2016. Land cover transition in northern Tanzania. Land Degradation and Development, 27(3):682-692. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2461]
Land cover change ; Land use ; Land degradation ; Landscape ; Scrublands ; Ecosystems ; Agroecology ; River basins ; Water harvesting ; Vegetation ; Catchment areas ; Livestock farms / Tanzania / Makanya Catchment / Pangani River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047226)
(11.96 MB)
Land conversion in Sub-Saharan Africa has profound biophysical, ecological, political and social consequences for human wellbeing and ecosystems services. Understanding the process of land cover changes and transitions is essential for good ecosystem management policy that would lead to improved agricultural production, human wellbeing and ecosystems health. This study aimed to assess land cover transitions in a typical semi-arid degraded agro-ecosystems environment within the Pangani River Basin in northern Tanzania. Three Landsat images spanning over 30 years were used to detect random and systematic patterns of land cover transition in a landscape dominated by crop and livestock farming. Results revealed that current land cover transition is driven by a systematic process of change dominated by (i) transition from degraded land to sparse bushland (10.8%), (ii) conversion from sparse bushland to dense bushland in lowland areas (6.0%), (iii) conversion from bushland to forest (4.8%), and (iv) conversion from dense bushland to cropland in the highlands (4.5%). Agricultural lands under water harvesting technology adoption show a high degree of persistence (60-80%) between time slices. This suggests that there is a trend in land-use change towards vegetation improvement in the catchment with a continuous increase in the adoption of water harvesting technologies for crop and livestock farming. This can be interpreted as a sign of agricultural intensification and vegetation re-growth in the catchment.
12 du Plessis, A.; Harmse, T.; Ahmed, F. 2015. Predicting water quality associated with land cover change in the Grootdraai Dam catchment, South Africa. Water International, 40(4):647-663. (Special issue on 40th anniversary) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2015.1067752]
Water quality ; Standards ; Guidelines ; Forecasting ; Models ; Dams ; Catchment areas ; Rivers ; Land cover change ; Urban areas ; Forestry ; Cultivation ; Mining ; Hydrological factors ; Economic aspects ; Environmental impact / South Africa / Grootdraai Dam Catchment / Vaal River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047444)
(0.70 MB)
The Grootdraai Dam catchment forms part of the Vaal River system, which is deemed to be the ‘workhorse’ of South Africa as it is located within the economic heart of the country. The status of water quality within the catchment is an important characteristic that needs to be investigated extensively due to its importance to the country’s future economic growth. Intricate relationships between land cover and specific water quality parameters were quantified and unique model equations were formulated to predict water quality in the region. Urban and mining developments should be re-evaluated due to the accompanied significant hydrological consequences.
13 Yira, Y.; Diekkruger, B.; Steup, G.; Bossa, A. Y. 2016. Modeling land use change impacts on water resources in a tropical West African catchment (Dano, Burkina Faso). Journal of Hydrology, 537:187-199. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.03.052]
Land use ; Land cover change ; Water resources ; Hydrology ; Models ; Water balance ; Groundwater ; Water levels ; Flow discharge ; Catchment areas ; Soil moisture ; Evapotranspiration ; Farmland ; Savannas ; Tropical zones ; Maps / West Africa / Burkina Faso / Dano
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047556)
(0.85 MB)
This study investigates the impacts of land use change on water resources in the Dano catchment, Burkina Faso, using a physically based hydrological simulation model and land use scenarios. Land use dynamic in the catchment was assessed through the analysis of four land use maps corresponding to the land use status in 1990, 2000, 2007, and 2013. A reclassification procedure levels out differences between the classification schemes of the four maps. The land use maps were used to build five land use scenarios corresponding to different levels of land use change in the catchment. Water balance was simulated by applying the Water flow and balance Simulation Model (WaSiM) using observed discharge, soil moisture, and groundwater level for model calibration and validation. Model statistical quality measures (R2 , NSE and KGE) achieved during calibration and validation ranged between 0.6 and 0.9 for total discharge, soil moisture, and groundwater level, indicating a good agreement between observed and simulated variables. After a successful multivariate validation the model was applied to the land use scenarios. The land use assessment exhibited a decrease of savannah at an annual rate of 2% since 1990. Conversely, cropland and urban areas have increased. Since urban areas occupy only 3% of the catchment it can be assumed that savannah was mainly converted to cropland. The conversion rate of savannah was lower than the annual population growth of 3%. A clear increase in total discharge (+17%) and decrease in evapotranspiration ( 5%) was observed following land use change in the catchment. A strong relationship was established between savannah degradation, cropland expansion, discharge increase and reduction of evapotranspiration. The increase in total discharge is related to high peak flow, suggesting (i) an increase in water resources that are not available for plant growth and human consumption and (ii) an alteration of flood risk for both the population within and downstream of the catchment.
14 Ahmed, I. M.; Gumma, M. K.; Kumar, S.; Craufurd, P.; Rafi, I. M.; Haileslassie, Amare. 2016. Land use and agricultural change dynamics in SAT watersheds of southern India. Current Science, 110(9):1704-1709.
Land use ; Land cover change ; Agriculture ; Watersheds ; Farmland ; Living standards ; Water harvesting ; Water scarcity ; Water levels ; Water availability ; Local communities ; Ecosystem services ; Arid zones ; Groundwater irrigation ; Groundwater recharge ; Living standards ; Satellite imagery ; Farmers ; Rain / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047541)
(3.59 MB)
Impact of dynamic land use and land cover changes on the livelihood of local communities and ecosystem services is a major concern. This is particularly evident in most dryland agricultural systems in South Asia. We study land use/land cover (LULC) changes over the last two decades in a watershed (9589 ha) located in semi-arid eco-region in South India (Anantapuram district) using Landsat and IRS imagery. We captured additional data through field observations and focused group discussions. The high resolution 30 m data and the spectral matching techniques (SMTs) provided accuracy of 91–100% for various land use classes and 80–95% for the rice and groundnut areas. The watershed studied has undergone significant land use changes between 1988 and 2012. Diminishing size and number of surface water bodies, and contrastingly increased areas under irrigation clearly explain that the system has evolved significantly towards groundwater-irrigated groundnut production. Such changes could be beneficial in the short run, but if the groundwater withdrawal is without sufficient recharge, the long-term consequences on livelihoods could be negative. The water scarcity could be aggravated under the climate change. The construction of checkdams and dugout ponds to recharge groundwater is a potential solution to enhance recharge.
15 Lacombe, Guillaume; Ribolzi, O.; de Rouw, A.; Pierret, A.; Latsachak, K.; Silvera, N.; Dinh, R. P.; Orange, D.; Janeau, J.-L.; Soulileuth, B.; Robain, H.; Taccoen, A.; Sengphaathith, P.; Mouche, E.; Sengtaheuanghoung, O.; Tran Duc, T.; Valentin, C. 2016. Contradictory hydrological impacts of afforestation in the humid tropics evidenced by long-term field monitoring and simulation modelling. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 20:2691-2704.
Humid tropics ; Hydrological factors ; Afforestation ; Natural regeneration ; Plantations ; Monitoring ; Simulation models ; Land use ; Land cover change ; Ecosystem services ; Forest conservation ; Catchment areas ; Rainfall-runoff relationships ; Stream flow ; Cropping systems ; Water conservation ; Soil conservation ; Soil surface properties ; Tectona grandis / Lao People's Democratic Republic / Vietnam / Houay Pano Catchment / Dong Cao Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047644)
http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/20/2691/2016/hess-20-2691-2016.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047644.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047644.pdf
The humid tropics are exposed to an unprecedented modernisation of agriculture involving rapid and mixed land-use changes with contrasted environmental impacts. Afforestation is often mentioned as an unambiguous solution for restoring ecosystem services and enhancing biodiversity. One consequence of afforestation is the alteration of streamflow variability which controls habitats, water resources, and flood risks. We demonstrate that afforestation by tree planting or by natural forest regeneration can induce opposite hydrological changes. An observatory including long-term field measurements of fine-scale land-use mosaics and of hydrometeorological variables has been operating in several headwater catchments in tropical southeast Asia since 2000. The GR2M water balance model, repeatedly calibrated over successive 1-year periods and used in simulation mode with the same year of rainfall input, allowed the hydrological effect of land-use change to be isolated from that of rainfall variability in two of these catchments in Laos and Vietnam. Visual inspection of hydrographs, correlation analyses, and trend detection tests allowed causality between land-use changes and changes in seasonal streamflow to be ascertained. In Laos, the combination of shifting cultivation system (alternation of rice and fallow) and the gradual increase of teak tree plantations replacing fallow led to intricate streamflow patterns: pluri-annual streamflow cycles induced by the shifting system, on top of a gradual streamflow increase over years caused by the spread of the plantations. In Vietnam, the abandonment of continuously cropped areas combined with patches of mix-trees plantations led to the natural re-growth of forest communities followed by a gradual drop in streamflow. Soil infiltrability controlled by surface crusting is the predominant process explaining why two modes of afforestation (natural regeneration vs. planting) led to opposite changes in streamflow regime. Given that commercial tree plantations will continue to expand in the humid tropics, careful consideration is needed before attributing to them positive effects on water and soil conservation.
16 Yalew, S. G.; Mul, Marloes L.; van Griensven, A.; Teferi, E.; Priess, J.; Schweitzer, C.; van Der Zaag, P. 2016. Land-use change modelling in the Upper Blue Nile Basin. Environments, 3(3):1-16. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/environments3030021]
Land use ; Land cover change ; Environmental modelling ; Environmental factors ; River basins ; Catchment areas ; Socioeconomic environment ; Plantations ; Forest management ; Erosion ; Vegetation ; Grasslands / Ethiopia / Upper Blue Nile Basin / Abbay Basin / Jedeb Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047679)
(1.24 MB)
Land-use and land-cover changes are driving unprecedented changes in ecosystems and environmental processes at different scales. This study was aimed at identifying the potential land-use drivers in the Jedeb catchment of the Abbay basin by combining statistical analysis, field investigation and remote sensing. To do so, a land-use change model was calibrated and evaluated using the SITE (SImulation of Terrestrial Environment) modelling framework. SITE is cellular automata based multi-criteria decision analysis framework for simulating land-use conversion based on socio-economic and environmental factors. Past land-use trajectories (1986–2009) were evaluated using a reference Landsat-derived map (agreement of 84%). Results show that major land-use change drivers in the study area were population, slope, livestock and distances from various infrastructures (roads, markets and water). It was also found that farmers seem to increasingly prefer plantations of trees such as Eucalyptus by replacing croplands perhaps mainly due to declining crop yield, soil fertility and climate variability. Potential future trajectory of land-use change was also predicted under a business-as-usual scenario (2009–2025). Results show that agricultural land will continue to expand from 69.5% in 2009 to 77.5% in 2025 in the catchment albeit at a declining rate when compared with the period from 1986 to 2009. Plantation forest will also increase at a much higher rate, mainly at the expense of natural vegetation, agricultural land and grasslands. This study provides critical information to land-use planners and policy makers for a more effective and proactive management in this highland catchment.
17 Kizito, F.; Balana, Bedru B. 2016. Ecosystem services in the Volta Basin. In Williams, Timothy O.; Mul, Marloes L.; Biney, C. A.; Smakhtin, Vladimir (Eds.). The Volta River Basin: water for food, economic growth and environment. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.181-198.
Ecosystem services ; Freshwater ; River basins ; Wetlands ; Dams ; Environmental protection ; Natural resources ; Water resources ; Vegetation ; Coastal area ; Agricultural production ; Livestock ; Fisheries ; Forestry ; Land use ; Land cover change ; Local community ; Economic aspects ; Living standards ; Case studies / Ghana / Volta Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047732)
18 Williams, Timothy O.; Mul, Marloes L.; Biney, C. A.; Smakhtin, Vladimir. (Eds.) 2016. The Volta River Basin: water for food, economic growth and environment. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. 281p. (Earthscan Series on Major River Basins of the World)
River basin management ; Economic growth ; Water resources ; Water governance ; Water use ; Water power ; Water quality ; Water balance ; Water scarcity ; Water availability ; Water policy ; Surface water ; Groundwater ; Drinking water ; International waters ; Wastewater treatment ; Domestic consumption ; Industrial uses ; Climate change ; Flood control ; Drought ; Socioeconomic environment ; Poverty ; Living standards ; Food security ; Sustainable agriculture ; Agricultural development ; Crops ; Urban development ; Industrial development ; Ecosystem services ; Environmental flows ; Public health ; Intensification ; Population density ; Economic aspects ; Farmland ; Food composition ; Riparian zones ; Meteorological stations ; Infrastructure ; Gender ; Legislation ; Energy generation ; Dams ; Global warming ; Emission ; Land use ; Land cover change ; Case studies / West Africa / Benin / Burkina Faso / Ivory Coast / Ghana / Mali / Togo / Volta River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047720)
19 Schafer, M. P.; Dietrich, O.; Mbilinyi, B. 2016. Streamflow and lake water level changes and their attributed causes in eastern and southern Africa: state of the art review. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 32(6):853-880. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2015.1091289]
Water resources ; Water levels ; Water use ; Stream flow ; Lakes ; Dams ; Flooding ; Land use ; Land cover change ; Climate change ; Rain ; Catchment areas ; Drainage ; River basins ; Dry season ; Wet season ; Agriculture ; Hydrology ; Case studies ; Literature reviews / Eastern Africa / Southern Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047797)
(3.62 MB)
The objective of this review is to evaluate recent quantitative changes in streamflow and lake water levels in drainage basins of Eastern and Southern Africa. Findings indicate that the majority of analyzed case studies report decreasing streamflow or lake water levels between 1970 and 2010. The causes of change are chiefly anthropogenic, namely water withdrawal, land use and land cover change, and dams, and only to a lesser degree climate-related. However, there are distinct regional and temporal differences regarding reported changes and causes, e.g. land use and land cover change being mainly attributed to Eastern Africa, and dams to Southern Africa.
20 Tolessa, T.; Senbeta, F.; Kidane, M. 2017. The impact of land use/land cover change on ecosystem services in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Ecosystem Services, 23:47-54. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2016.11.010]
Land use ; Land cover change ; Payment for Ecosystem Services ; Economic value ; Landscape ecology ; Forest land ; Cultivated land ; Scrublands ; Satellite imagery ; Living standards ; Settlement ; Models ; Highlands / Ethiopia / Central Highlands / Chillimo Forest
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048051)
(0.66 MB)
Ecosystems provide a wide range of services that are important for human-well being. Estimating the multiple services obtained from ecosystems is vital to support decision-making processes at different levels. This study analyzes land use/land cover (LU/LC) dynamics over four decades (i.e., 1973, 1986, 2001, 2015) to assess its impact on ecosystem services. Ecosystem Service Values (ESV) was determined using LU/LC analysis and established global data base. LU/LC analysis showed that forest cover reduced by 54.2% during study period; and settlement, bare land, shrub land and cultivated land increased considerably. The study indicates that due to forest cover change from 1973 to 2015, approximately US$ 3.69 million of ecosystem services values was lost. Among the ecosystem services reduced were: nutrient cycling, provision of raw material and erosion control. The use of LU/LC data along with established global ESV data sets reduce the costs of ground data collection, and help in tracking of past environmental changes and acquisition of quick and reliable results that can be used for decision making processes. We believe that the results obtained can be helpful in designing payment for environmental services and rural development policies.
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
