Your search found 12 records
1 Deng, X. P.; Shan, L.; Zhang, H.; Turner, N. C. 2006. Improving agricultural water use efficiency in arid and semiarid areas of China. Agricultural Water Management, 80(1-3):23-40.
Irrigated farming ; Water use efficiency ; Water conservation ; Water deficit ; Water stress ; Arid zones ; Water harvesting ; Terraces ; Mulching ; Fertilization / China / Yellow River / Ningxia / Inner Mongolia / Loess Plateau
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H038418)
2 Mati, Bancy Mbura. 2005. Overview of water and soil nutrient management under smallholder rain-fed agriculture in East Africa. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) xi, 81p. (IWMI Working Paper 105) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.284]
Soil conservation ; Water conservation ; Water harvesting ; Terraces ; Tillage ; Ridging ; Cropping systems ; Bunds ; Sugarcane ; Spate irrigation ; Pitcher irrigation ; Water storage ; Soil fertility ; Fertilizers ; Non-governmental organizations ; Farmers’ associations ; Agroforestry ; Agricultural extension / Ethiopia / Kenya / Tanzania
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631 G132 MAT Record No: H038576)
(850 KB)
3 Mai, V. T.; Van Keulen, H.; Hessel, R.; Ritsema, C.; Roetter, R. P.; Thai, P. 2007. Soil erosion in Quan Dinh watershed, a hilly area in Tam Duong district, north Vietnam. In Mai, V. T. Soil erosion and nitrogen leaching in northern Vietnam: Experimentation and modelling. Thesis. Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen University. pp.17-33.
Erosion ; Measurement ; Watersheds ; Sedimentation ; Paddy fields ; Terraces ; Runoff ; Soils ; Land use / Vietnam / Tam Duong District / Red River Delta / Quan Dinh Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: D 631.45 G784 VAN Record No: H039971)
(3.22 MB)
4 Mai, V. T.; Hessel, R.; Van Keulen, H.; Ritsema, C.; Roetter, R. P. 2007. Simulation of soil erosion in Quan Dinh watershed in Tam Duong district, north Vietnam. In Mai, V. T. Soil erosion and nitrogen leaching in northern Vietnam: Experimentation and modelling. Thesis. Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen University. pp.35-60.
Erosion ; Simulation models ; Watersheds ; Paddy fields ; Terraces ; Infiltration ; Runoff ; Sedimentation / Vietnam / Tam Duong District / Quan Dinh watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: D 631.45 G784 VAN Record No: H039972)
(3.22 MB)
5 Linquist, B.; Trosch, K.; Pandey, S.; Phouynyayvong, K.; Guenat, D. 2007. Montane paddy rice: development and effects on food security and livelihood activities of highland Lao farmers. Mountain Research and Development, 27(1):40-47.
Rice ; Paddy fields ; Upland rice ; Terraces ; Land use ; Land tenure ; Policy ; Food security / Laos
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 7866 Record No: H039981)
6 Critchley, W.; Negi, G.; Brommer, M. 2008. Local innovation in ‘green water’ management. In Bossio, Deborah; Geheb, Kim (Eds.). Conserving land, protecting water. Wallingford, UK: CABI; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water & Food. pp.107-119. (Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture Series 6)
Rainwater ; Mulching ; Cultivation ; Tillage ; Domestic gardens ; Terraces ; Erosion control ; Fertigation
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7 G000 BOS Record No: H041596)
(347KB)
7 Tedla, H. A.; Gebremichael, Y. 2015. Some examples of best practices by smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. Book Two. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Best Practice Association (BPA); Institute for Sustainable Development (ISD). 92p.
Smallholders ; Farmers ; Best practices ; Agricultural development ; Climate change adaptation ; Water conservation ; Soil conservation ; Economic aspects ; Tourism ; Scientists ; Ensete ; Livestock ; Farming systems ; Poultry farming ; Terraces ; Cropping patterns ; Desmodium ; Pest control ; Weed control ; Striga ; Biofertilizers ; Poverty ; Labor ; Investment / Ethiopia / Konso / Tigray / Wollo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047356)
(3.30 MB)
8 Schmidt, E.; Zemadim, Birhanu. 2015. Expanding sustainable land management in Ethiopia: scenarios for improved agricultural water management in the Blue Nile. Agricultural Water Management, 158:166-178. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.05.001]
Sustainable land management ; Investment ; Agriculture ; Water management ; Hydrology ; Models ; Watersheds ; Stream flow ; Surface runoff ; Soil moisture ; Soil conservation ; Erosion ; Sediment ; Residues ; Highlands ; Terraces / Ethiopia / Blue Nile Basin / Mizewa Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047435)
(1.66 MB)
Deforestation due to farmland expansion, fragile soils, undulating terrain, and heavy seasonal rains makes the highlands of Ethiopia vulnerable to soil erosion. The diverse terrain of the rural highlands requires spatially explicit investments in land management structures. This paper utilizes recent hydrological and meteorological data collected from the Mizewa watershed in the Blue Nile Basin of Ethiopia, as well as household survey data on farmer preferences and investments, in order to better understand the physical impact of sustainable land management activities. The effectiveness of the simulated conservation practices (terraces, bunds, and residue management) is evaluated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool taking into account investment decisions on different terrain types. Simulations include terracing on steep and mid-range hillsides; a mix of terracing and bunds on varying slope gradients; and a mix of terraces and residue management on varying terrain. Simulated conservation practices are evaluated at the outlet of the Mizewa watershed by comparing model simulations that take into account the limited investments that currently exist (status quo) with simulations of increased terracing and residue management activities within the watershed. Results suggest that a mixed strategy of terracing on steep slopes and residue management on flat and middle slopes dramatically decrease surface runoff and erosion. A landscape-wide investment of terraces and bunds throughout the watershed landscape provides the greatest reduction in surface flow and erosion. However, the type and amount of investment in sustainable land management activities have different implications with respect to labor input and may be cost-prohibitive in the medium term.
9 Kusre, B. C.; Liansangpuii, F. 2016. Assessment of hydraulic performance of drip emitters for adoption in hilly terrain of north-eastern region of India. Irrigation and Drainage, 65(4):469-479. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.1991]
Irrigation systems ; Microirrigation ; Drip irrigation ; Irrigation equipment ; Emitters ; Performance evaluation ; Irrigation efficiency ; Water distribution ; Hydraulics ; Discharges ; Highlands ; Terraces / India / North Eastern Hilly Regions
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047794)
(1.24 MB)
The north-eastern region of India, although rich in land and water resources, often suffers from a water-scarce situation particularly during the non-rainy season. The steep terrain conditions do not support conventional irrigation systems and therefore micro-irrigation system needs to be promoted. In micro-irrigation systems, maintaining uniformity of application is necessary to achieve a satisfactory crop yield. Maintaining the system hydraulics is a challenge due to the terrain conditions and equipment available. A study was conducted to observe various uniformity parameters of selected emitters at five different operating pressures, viz. 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5 kg cm–2 . In the study it was observed that the discharge variation of the selected emitters was between 8.7 and 39.7%. The uniformity coefficient varied from 0.9 to 16.6, where the distribution uniformity and statistical uniformity varied from 81.1 to 99.1% and 83.4–99.1% respectively. The emitter flow variation ranged from 0.03 to 0.49 in the range of 0.51.5 kg cm–2 . The emitter exponent indicated that the values ranged from 0.20 to 0.55. All these values were far from the manufacturer’s value. From the study we can interpret that the emitting system needs to be tested before adoption in the field to ensure uniformity of water application.
10 Kosmowski, F. 2018. Soil water management practices (terraces) helped to mitigate the 2015 drought in Ethiopia. Agricultural Water Management, 204:11-16. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.02.025]
Soil management ; Water management ; Drought ; Climate-smart agriculture ; Terraces ; Contour bunding ; Crop yield ; Agroecological zones ; Households ; Statistical methods / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048753)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377418301203/pdfft?md5=8df17524412482ff20489616813d8401&pid=1-s2.0-S0378377418301203-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048753.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048753.pdf
(0.84 MB) (864 KB)
While the benefits of soil water management practices relative to soil erosion have been extensively documented, evidence regarding their effect on yields is inconclusive. Following a strong El-Niño, some regions of Ethiopia experienced major droughts during the 2015/16 agricultural season. Using the propensity scores method on a nationally representative survey in Ethiopia, this study investigates the effect of two widely adopted soil water management practices – terraces and contour bunds – on yields and assesses their potential to mitigate the effects of climate change. It is shown that at the national level, terraced plots have slightly lower yields than non-terraced plots. However, data support the hypothesis that terraced plots acted as a buffer against the 2015 Ethiopian drought, while contour bunds did not. This study provides evidence that terraces have the potential to help farmer deal with current climate risks. These results can inform the design of climate change adaptation policies and improve targeting of soil water management practices in Ethiopia.
11 Wolka, K.; Mulder, J.; Biazin, B. 2018. Effects of soil and water conservation techniques on crop yield, runoff and soil loss in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review. Agricultural Water Management, 207:67-79. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.05.016]
Soil conservation ; Water conservation ; Erosion control ; Techniques ; Soil moisture ; Runoff ; Terraces ; Soil organic matter ; Biomass ; Nutrients ; Crop yield ; Socioeconomic environment ; Corporate culture ; Smallholders ; Farmers / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048838)
(1.82 MB)
Soil erosion by water is one of the main causes of land degradation and reduced agricultural productivity in Africa leading to an estimated annual loss in crop yield of 280 million tons. To reverse this problem, various indigenous and recently introduced cross slope barrier soil and water conservation (CSB-SWC) techniques have been implemented. These include Fanya juu1 , soil bunds, stone bunds, bench terraces, vegetative barriers, and tied-ridges. In this review, we analyze and synthesize the results of various studies that focused on the effects of CSB-SWC techniques on runoff, soil loss, soil properties, crop yield, and biomass in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Introduction of various CSB-SWC techniques was found to reduce runoff and soil loss by 13–71% and 39–83%, respectively. More than 80% of the reviewed scientific studies showed a positive effect on crop yield mainly due to retention of nutrients and moisture. The effect of CSB-SWC techniques on crop yield varies with rainfall and slope, with most of the CSB-SWC techniques improving crop yields in low rainfall areas. Fanya juu and soil bunds were effective on relatively gentle slopes while hedgerows and stone bunds were effective even on moderately steep slopes. However, studies across SSA indicate that some CSB-SWC techniques could have negative side effects such as waterlogging. Also, these techniques are associated with the occupation of significant areas of cultivable land. Thus, they require proper design and implementation. In most cases, CSB-SWC techniques are economically feasible, due to improved crop yield and low labor opportunity costs. However, implementation may be hampered by high construction costs, small landholding size, land tenure insecurity, and low short-term benefits. Effectiveness and benefits of CSB-SWC can be improved by their integration with other land management techniques such as soil fertility amendments and conservation tillage.
12 Adimassu, Zenebe; Langan, Simon; Barron, Jennie. 2018. Highlights of soil and water conservation investments in four regions of Ethiopia. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 35p. (IWMI Working Paper 182) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2018.214]
Soil conservation ; Water conservation ; Waterways ; Financing ; Investment ; Land degradation ; Land productivity ; Land management ; Landscape ; Farmland ; Farm management ; Hillside operations ; Sloping land ; Gully erosion ; Runoff ; Rural areas ; Rural communities ; Living standards ; Farmers ; Terraces ; Watershed management ; Dam construction ; Environmental monitoring ; Sediment ; Capacity building ; Nongovernmental organizations / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048867)
(1 MB)
This paper provides details of soil and water conservation (SWC) investments in Ethiopia over the past 20 years. It presents SWC practices and estimates the level of SWC investments in different regions. The paper focuses on four principal agricultural regions: Amhara, Oromia, SNNPR and Tigray. Primary and secondary data were collected for the analysis, and consultations were conducted at regional levels. Primary data on diverse SWC practices, their numbers and areal extent were obtained from the archives of regional Bureaus of Agriculture (BoAs). The results of this study show that several projects involving significant financial investment have been implemented to reverse land degradation and improve land productivity in Ethiopia since the 1970s. The list of projects is not comprehensive due to a lack of documentation at all levels, but it does provide some insights into the scale of SWC investments and implementation. The projects analyzed in the four regions fall into the following categories: farmland management, hillside management and gully rehabilitation practices, including check dams and cut-off drains. The analysis shows that these practices involved both paid and unpaid labor, together representing an estimated investment of more than ETB 25 billion (or approximately USD 1.2 billion) per year over the past 10 years. It is clear that large investments have been made in SWC activities in Ethiopia. However, the outcomes in terms of impact on yield and livelihood benefits are yet to be fully understood. A comprehensive assessment is needed to measure the impact of SWC activities on farmers’ livelihoods and the environment. A key recommendation arising from the analysis is that more data and information are needed on the successes and failures of SWC practices, which will assist stakeholders to better guide and target future projects and investments. An additional recommendation is to consider the biophysical and financial impact of soil erosion, both on and off farm.
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