Your search found 14 records
1 IIED. Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Livelihoods Programme. 1999. Community water management. London, UK: IIED. 97p. (PLA notes 35)
Community development ; Land use ; Water management ; Women in development ; Water rates ; Watershed management ; Water supply ; Leadership ; Rural development ; Social participation ; Participatory rural appraisal / Cameroon / Ethiopia / Guatemala / Pakistan / Nepal / Colombia / Tanzania / Kenya / UK / Rift Valley / Hoto / Pakora / Berkshire
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 5178 Record No: H024617)
2 Lautze, J.; McCartney, Matthew; Kirshen, P.; Olana, D.; Jayasinghe, Gayathree; Spielman, A. 2007. Effect of a large dam on malaria risk: The Koka Reservoir in Ethiopia. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 12(8):982-989.
Malaria ; Risks ; Health hazards ; Analysis ; Dams ; Reservoirs ; Climate / Ethiopia / Rift Valley / Koka Reservoir
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 614.532 G136 LAU Record No: H040357)
3 McCartney, Matthew; Owen, R. 2007. Technical note: Hydrology of the Lake Urema Wetland, Mozambique. Report on GEF Project on Wetlands in South Africa. 11p.
Wetlands ; Hydrology ; Lakes ; Climate ; Rivers ; Flow / Mozambique / Lake Urema Wetland / Rift Valley / Pungwe River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 551.483 G172 MCC Record No: H040530)
(0.38 MB)
4 Makombe, Godswill; Kelemework, D.; Aredo, D. 2007. A comparative analysis of rainfed and irrigated agricultural production in Ethiopia. Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 21:35-44.
Irrigation programs ; Irrigated farming ; Rainfed farming ; Productivity ; Analysis ; Food security ; Food aid ; Data collection ; Statistical methods ; Households / Ethiopia / Rift Valley / Doni / Batu Degaga / Godino
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 338.1 G136 MAK Record No: H040784)
Ethiopia’s economy is dependent on agriculture which contributes more than 50% to GDP, about 60% to foreign exchange earning and provides livelihood to more than 85% of the population. Ethiopia has a large potential of water resources that could be developed for irrigation. Despite the large water resources, Ethiopia continues to receive food aid to about 10% of the population who are at risk annually, out of a total of more than 67 million. The government of Ethiopia is committed to solving this paradox through an agricultural led development program that includes irrigation development as one of the strategies. This paper compares rainfed and irrigated agricultural production in Ethiopia. Using the stochastic production frontier approach, the study concludes that irrigation development in Ethiopia is a viable development strategy but attention needs to be paid to improving the technology available to farmers under both rainfed and irrigated production.
5 Kibret, S.; McCartney, Matthew; Lautze, Jonathan; Jayasinghe, G. 2009. Malaria transmission in the vicinity of impounded water: evidence from the Koka Reservoir, Ethiopia. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 39p. (IWMI Research Report 132) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.129]
Malaria ; Waterborne diseases ; Disease vectors ; Habitats ; Disease control ; Entomology ; Epidemiology ; Surveys ; Dams ; Reservoirs ; Villages ; Case studies / Africa / Ethiopia / Koka Reservoir / Rift Valley / Awash River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 614.532 G100 KIB Record No: H042338)
(1.26 MB)
The construction of dams in Africa is often associated with adverse malaria impacts in surrounding communities. However, the degree and nature of these impacts are rarely quantified and the feasibility of manipulating reservoir water levels to control mosquito breeding has not been previously investigated in Africa. This report describes entomological and epidemiological studies conducted around the Koka Dam and Reservoir in Ethiopia. The research findings confirm the role of the reservoir in increasing malaria transmission and provide evidence that there is potential to use dam operation in integrated malaria control strategies.
6 Dumont, H. J. (Ed.) 2009. The Nile: origin, environments, limnology and human use. New York, NY, USA: Springer. 818p. (Monographiae Biologicae, Vol. 89)
River basins ; History ; Ecology ; Ecosystems ; Hydrology ; Natural resources ; Climate ; Limnology ; Biodiversity ; Water quality ; Water pollution ; Bacteria ; Viruses ; Lakes ; Plankton ; Zooplankton ; Phytoplankton ; Fish ; Fisheries ; Benthos ; Crustacea ; Mollusca ; Aquatic plants ; Aquatic insects ; Birds ; Water law / Africa / Ethiopia / Egypt / Sudan / Uyganda / Kenya / Nile River Basin / Rift Valley / Lake Tana / Blue Nile / White Nile / Lake Nasser / Lake Nubia / Lake Kyoga / Lake Victoria / Lake Albert / Lake Turkana / Lake Manzala / Chad Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 577.64 G100 DUM Record No: H042456)
7 Kibret, S.; Alemu, Y.; Boelee, Eline; Tekie, H.; Alemu, D.; Petros, B. 2010. The impact of a small-scale irrigation scheme on malaria transmission in Ziway area, central Ethiopia. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 15(1):41-50. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02423.x]
Small scale systems ; Irrigation schemes ; Waterborne diseases ; Malaria ; Entomology ; Surveys ; Habitats ; Villages / Ethiopia / Ziway Area / Rift Valley / Abene-Girmamo / Woshgulla
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042532)
(0.17 MB)
Objective To assess the impact of a small-scale irrigation scheme in Ziway area, a semi-arid area in the Central Ethiopian Rift Valley, on malaria transmission. method Parasitological, entomological and socio-economic studies were conducted in a village with and a village without irrigation. Blood smear samples were taken from individuals during the dry and wet seasons of 2005 / 2006. Socio-economic data were collected from household heads and key agricultural and health informants through interviews and questionnaires. Larval and adult mosquitoes were sampled during the dry and short wet seasons of 2006. Female anopheline mosquitoes were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for blood meal sources and sporozoite infections. results Malaria prevalence was higher in the irrigated village (19%, P < 0.05) than the non-irrigated village (16%). In the irrigated village, malaria prevalence was higher in the dry season than in the wet season while the reverse occurred in the non-irrigated village. Households with access to irrigation had larger farm land sizes and higher incomes, but also higher prevalence of malaria. Larval and adult abundance of the malaria vectors, Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles pharoensis, was higher in the irrigated than in the non-irrigated village throughout the study period. Furthermore, the abundance of An. pharoensis was significantly higher than that of An. arabiensis during the dry irrigated period of the year. Canal leakage pools, irrigated fields and irrigation canals were the major breeding habitats of the two vector mosquitoes. Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite infection rates of 1.18% and 0.66% were determined for An. arabiensis and An. pharoensis in the irrigated village. Peak biting activities of the vectors occurred before 22:00 h, which is a source of concern that the effectiveness of ITNs may be compromised as the mosquitoes feed on blood before people go to bed. conclusion Irrigation schemes along the Ethiopian Rift Valley may intensify malaria by increasing the level of prevalence during the dry season. To reduce the intensity of malaria transmission in the smallscale irrigation schemes currently in operation in Ethiopia, year-round source reduction by using proper irrigation water management, coupled with health education, needs to be incorporated into the existing malaria control strategies.
8 Kelemework, D. 2008. A comparative analysis of the technical efficiency of irrigated and rainfed agriculture: a case of Awash and Rift valleys of Ethiopia. In Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Loulseged, Makonnen; Yilma, Aster Denekew (Comps.). Impact of irrigation on poverty and environment in Ethiopia: draft proceedings of the symposium and exhibition, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 27-29 November 2007. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.193-209.
Irrigated farming ; Rainfed farming ; River basins ; Irrigation programs ; Small scale systems / Ethiopia / Awash Valley / Rift Valley / Batu Degaga Irrigation Project / Godino Irrigation Project
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044137)
(0.13 MB)
Ethiopia’s economy is heavily dependent on the agricultural sector, which contributes 45% of the GDP, providing livelihood for 85% of the population and accounting for 60% of the foreign exchange earning. Ethiopia, one of the poorest countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, has been repeatedly hit by drought resulting in famine and the loss of life of thousands of its rural citizens. The country’s agriculture mainly depends on rain fed peasant farming which accounts for 96% of the food produced in the country. On the other hand, it is estimated that the major river basins of the country can irrigate about 3.5 million-hectare of land and at present only about 161,010 ha or 4.6% is irrigated around the major river basins. Though the expansion and better utilization of this irrigation potential is unattested, the production efficiency of the existing irrigation systems also needs attention. This paper compares the technical efficiency of rainfed and irrigated agricultural production in Ethiopia. Using the stochastic production frontier approach, the study concludes that the existing irrigation systems are not that efficient and there is a need to make them operate near their production frontier. The production frontiers of both irrigated and rainfed agriculture is estimated along with the technical efficiency of each farmer in both groups and the two groups are compared in relation to their respective frontiers. The marginal and average productivities of the important factors of production is also calculated and compared.
9 Temesgen, B. B. 2012. Rainwater harvesting for dryland agriculture in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia. PhD thesis. Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen University. 152p.
Rainwater ; Water harvesting ; Water conservation ; Arid zones ; Agricultural systems ; Dry farming ; Rainfed farming ; Water storage ; Supplemental irrigation ; Catchment areas ; Drought ; Land management ; Land use ; Land cover ; Valleys ; Socioeconomic environment ; Soil physical properties / Ethiopia / Rift Valley
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G136 TEM Record No: H044933)
(0.31 MB)
10 Hogeboom, R. H. J.; van Oel, P. R.; Krol, M. S.; Booij, M. J. 2015. Modelling the influence of groundwater abstractions on the water level of Lake Naivasha, Kenya under data-scarce conditions. Water Resources Management, 29(12):4447-4463. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-015-1069-9]
Groundwater extraction ; Water levels ; Mathematical models ; Groundwater flow ; Water balance ; Irrigation water ; Water use ; Lakes ; Hydrological data ; Calibration / Kenya / Rift Valley / Lake Naivasha / Flower Business Park
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047906)
http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11269-015-1069-9.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047906.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047906.pdf
(4.38 MB) (4.38 MB)
This study presents the state-of-the-art understanding of the data-scarce and hydrogeologically complex groundwater system of Lake Naivasha, Kenya, with the particular aim of exploring the influence groundwater abstractions have on Lake Naivasha’s water level. We developed multiple alternative but plausible parameterizations for a MODFLOW groundwater model, based on literature, existing models and available data, while trying not to over-complicate the model. In doing so, we illustrate a possible strategy of going about data-scarce regions in modelling in general. Processes encountered in the calibrated parameterizations show groundwater flows laterally from the escarpments to the valley floor and axially from the lake along the Rift, with a larger portion flowing out southward than northward. Extraction of groundwater interrupts the flow from the northwestern highlands to the lake, leading to a lake stage reduction of 0.7–7.5 cm due to abstractions at our target farm (Flower Business Park) or an implied 7–75 cm due to total groundwater abstractions in the area. Although this study demonstrates our understanding of Naivasha’s groundwater system remains fragile and the current model cannot be embedded in operational water management yet, it (i) reflects the contemporary understanding of the local groundwater system, (ii) illustrates how to go about modelling in data-scarce environments and (iii) provides a means to assess focal areas for future data collection and model improvements.
11 Ketema, H.; Wei, W.; Legesse, A.; Zinabu, W.; Temesgen, H.; Yirsaw, E. 2021. Ecosystem service variation and its importance to the wellbeing of smallholder farmers in contrasting agro-ecological zones of East African Rift. Food and Energy Security, 18p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.310]
Ecosystem services ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Agroecological zones ; Water supply ; Land use ; Land cover ; Cultivated land ; Agroforestry ; Erosion control ; Economic value ; Socioeconomic aspects / East Africa / Ethiopia / Rift Valley
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050514)
(1.80 MB) (1.80 MB)
Smallholder farmers lead their lives using multiple ecosystem services (ESs). Understanding the contribution of these services to smallholder farmers' wellbeing is essential for addressing ecosystem-related problems. While the economic valuation of ESs has received major emphasis, smallholder farmer perceptions of ESs, ecosystem disservices (EDs), and the importance of their wellbeing are repeatedly overlooked. We analyzed variations in ES values (ESVs) in response to land use land cover (LULC) change, perceptions of ES/ED and the importance of these ecosystems to wellbeing in contrasting agro-ecological zones (AEZs). To obtain datasets, we used geospatial technology, focus group discussion, and face-to-face cross-sectional surveys in a highly populated area of the Southeastern escarpment of the Ethiopian Rift Valley. The research was carried out between October 1 and December 30, 2018. The results revealed the following. (1) Total area of 75,246.98 ha (34%) was changed to various LULC classes across AEZs. Woodland decreased at annual rates of 5.28% while agroforestry increased at annual rates of 1.03%, respectively. (2) ESV was estimated to be approximately $164 million and declined by approximately $24 million between 1988 and 2018, owing to the expansion of cultivated land. (3) More than 55% of smallholder farmers consistently identified benefits from food-cereal and vegetables, food-meat, and erosion control, problems associated with human disease vectors, as of very high importance for their wellbeing. ESs are the positive benefits while ecosystem functions that are perceived as negative for human wellbeing are termed as EDs. ESs were perceived as positively contributing to wellbeing, while EDs detracted from health and material wellbeing. The assigned values varied significantly with AEZs and socioeconomic groups, highlighting the need for careful consideration of site-specific ecosystem management strategies that improve smallholder farmers' wellbeing and sustainable development. Moreover, the cost incurred due to ESV loss may not be covered by economic gains resulting from the expansion of cultivated land and thus, implementing appropriate land-use policies at the local level would recuperate ES values.
12 Worako, A. W.; Haile, Alemseged Tamiru; Taye, Meron Teferi. 2022. Implication of bias correction on climate change impact projection of surface water resources in the Gidabo Sub-basin, southern Ethiopia. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 13(5):2070-2088. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2022.396]
Climate change ; Forecasting ; Surface water ; Water resources ; Water availability ; Stream flow ; Climate models ; Extreme weather events ; Rainfall patterns ; Temperature / Ethiopia / Rift Valley / Gidabo Sub-Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051238)
https://iwaponline.com/jwcc/article-pdf/13/5/2070/1054682/jwc0132070.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051238.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051238.pdf
(1.12 MB) (1.12 MB)
Climate change impact studies that evaluated the biases of climate models’ simulations showed the presence of large systematic errors in their outputs. However, many studies continue to arbitrarily select bias correction methods for error reduction. This work evaluated the implications of bias correction methods on the projections of climate change impact on streamflow of the Gidabo sub-basin, Ethiopia. Climate outputs from four global climate model and regional climate model (GCM–RCM) combinations for the representative concentration pathway (RCP4.5) scenario were used. Five bias correction methods were used to reduce the systematic errors of the simulated rainfall data. The future changes in rainfall pattern, evapotranspiration, and streamflow were analyzed by using their relative percentage difference between the projected and the baseline period. The distribution mapping method provided better results in mean and extreme rainfall cases. This is also reflected in streamflow projections, as the daily interquartile range value indicates the lowest variability of the projected streamflow. The wet season streamflow will likely decrease in the future, whereas the short rainy season streamflow will increase. Our findings show that climate models and bias correction methods considerably limit the magnitude of future projections of streamflow. However, similar research should be conducted in other catchments to extend the conclusions of this study.
13 Setegn, Y. A.; Kassa, K.; Dagalo, S.; Tsegaye, D. 2022. Impact of irrigation with Lake Abaya water on soil quality - southern Rift Valley, Ethiopia. Water Practice and Technology, 17(7):1433-1444. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2022.070]
Irrigation water ; Water quality ; Soil quality ; Lakes ; Valleys ; Salinity ; Sustainability ; Physicochemical properties ; Parameters / Ethiopia / Rift Valley / Lake Abaya / Mirab Abaya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051320)
https://iwaponline.com/wpt/article-pdf/17/7/1433/1083137/wpt0171433.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051320.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051320.pdf
(0.68 MB) (700 KB)
The study's aim was to assess the impact of using water from Lake Abaya for irrigation and its impact on soil quality at Mirab Abaya, Ethiopia. Six water samples from the edge of Lake Abaya and 30 (18 irrigated and 12 rain-fed) composite soil samples from farm lands in Wajifo, Fura and Algae were collected. Analyses showed that the use of water from Lake Abaya will bring a soil salinity hazard in future. The soil analyses showed variations in space and time in the physico-chemical components in the study area. The highest salinity was reported from Algae, the closest site to the Lake. The highest soil alkalinity was reported from Wajifo, which has a long irrigation history. The irrigated soils reported higher salinity than the rain-fed soils, indicating that water from Lake Abaya can affect irrigated soil quality. In general, Lake Abaya water is not suitable for salt-sensitive crops and caution is required in using it for irrigation.
14 Wabela, K.; Hammani, A.; Taky, A.; Tekleab, S. 2024. On-farm performance evaluation of small-scale irrigation schemes in the Ethiopian Rift Valley: internal and external performance process approach. Irrigation and Drainage, 13p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2960]
Small-scale irrigation ; Irrigation schemes ; Irrigation water ; Water management ; Water demand ; Water use ; Water supply ; Indicators ; Sustainability ; Irrigated farming ; Food security ; Rainfall ; Crop water use ; Wheat ; Onions ; Tomatoes ; Water requirements / Ethiopia / Wulbareg / Wera / Rift Valley
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052766)
(1.34 MB)
This study evaluated the on-farm performance of two small-scale irrigation schemes, Furfuro and Bedene Alemtena (hereafter referred to as Bedene), in the Ethiopian Rift Valley. Two sets of performance indicator parameters were used. The first group was internal performance indicators, which included conveyance, water application and application uniformity. The water flow velocity through canals was monitored using the floating method. The amount of irrigation water applied to the fields was measured using a cutthroat flume. The second group was external performance indicators, including agricultural performance, water use performance and physical sustainability indicators. The results indicated that Furfuro had average conveyance, application and uniformity efficiencies of 84%, 59% and 50%, respectively, while that of Bedene were 79%, 63% and 55%, respectively. The overall efficiencies for both schemes were about 49%, which is lower than the minimum permissible values. The outputs per irrigation supply and consumed water for Furfuro were 0.14 and 0.16 US$/m3, respectively, and they were 0.11 US$/m3 for Bedene. The relative irrigation and total water supply of Furfuro were 1.21 and 1.20, respectively, indicating the presence of excess water in the command area during the study season. The relative irrigation and water supply of Bedene was 0.81, which indicated that the scheme was water deficient. Irrigation water management practices need improvement in the two schemes.
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