Your search found 9 records
1 Samek, J. H.; Kinhom, U.; Skole, D. L.; Uttaruk, P.; Laosuwan, T.; Khoa, P. V.; Thongmanivong, S.; Butthep, C.; Lan, D. X.; Giap, N. X. 2014. Integrating community-based participatory carbon measurement and monitoring with satellite remote sensing and GIS in REDD+ MRV systems. In Lebel, L.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Krittasudthacheewa, C.; Daniel, R. (Eds.). Climate risks, regional integration and sustainability in the Mekong region. Petaling Jaya, Malaysia: Strategic Information and Research Development Centre (SIRDC); Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI). pp.285-308.
Carbon stock assessments ; Satellite observation ; Remote sensing ; GIS ; Climate change ; REDD-plus ; Forests ; Emission reduction ; Measurement ; Monitoring ; Participatory approaches ; Community involvement ; Case studies / Lao People's Democratic Republic / Thailand / Vietnam / Mekong Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI, e-copy SF Record No: H046922)
(1.87 MB)
2 Vlek, P. L. G.; Khamzina, A.; Azadi, H.; Bhaduri, A.; Bharati, Luna; Braimoh, A.; Martius, C.; Sunderland, T.; Taheri, F. 2017. Trade-offs in multi-purpose land use under land degradation. Sustainability, 9(12):1-19. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9122196]
Land degradation ; Land use ; Land conservation ; Multipurpose varieties ; Farmland ; Ecosystem services ; Integrated land management ; Water management ; Urbanization ; Biodiversity ; Farmers ; Stakeholders ; Soil moisture ; Climate change ; Carbon stock assessments ; Crop production
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048411)
(13.9 MB)
Land provides a host of ecosystem services, of which the provisioning services are often considered paramount. As the demand for agricultural products multiplies, other ecosystem services are being degraded or lost entirely. Finding a sustainable trade-off between food production and one or more of other ecosystem services, given the variety of stakeholders, is a matter of optimizing land use in a dynamic and complex socio-ecological system. Land degradation reduces our options to meet both food demands and environmental needs. In order to illustrate this trade-off dilemma, four representative services, carbon sinks, water storage, biodiversity, and space for urbanization, are discussed here based on a review of contemporary literature that cuts across the domain of ecosystem services that are provided by land. Agricultural research will have to expand its focus from the field to the landscape level and in the process examine the cost of production that internalizes environmental costs. In some situations, the public cost of agriculture in marginal environments outweighs the private gains, even with the best technologies in place. Land use and city planners will increasingly have to address the cost of occupying productive agricultural land or the conversion of natural habitats. Landscape designs and urban planning should aim for the preservation of agricultural land and the integrated management of land resources by closing water and nutrient cycles, and by restoring biodiversity.
3 Hagos, Fitsum; van Rooijen, Daniel; Haileslassie, Amare; Yehualashet, H.; Indries, H. 2018. Investigation of the modalities for an innovative financing mechanism for participatory natural resource management in the Bale Eco-region, Ethiopia. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 36p. (IWMI Working Paper 181) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2018.215]
Natural resources management ; Environmental policy ; Participatory approaches ; Financing ; Payment for ecosystem services ; Legal aspects ; Stakeholders ; Hydropower ; Water supply ; Water institutions ; Forest management ; Deforestation ; Carbon stock assessments ; Watershed management ; Community involvement ; Urban areas ; Soil erosion ; Farmers’ income ; Nongovernmental organizations ; Dam construction ; Market economies ; Land degradation ; Reservoirs ; Land use / Ethiopia / Bale Eco-Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048874)
(903 KB)
This study reviewed the status of natural resources and the driving forces for change, as well as past and ongoing approaches in natural resource management at the watershed scale in Ethiopia. First, we reviewed established environmental policy tools and the legal and policy framework, and determined whether innovative financing mechanisms are working in other areas with a similar context. We undertook stakeholder analyses and mapping to identify key stakeholders, and to assess their possible roles in the implementation of a sustainable financing mechanism for watershed rehabilitation. We also determined whether opportunities exist for financing mechanisms involving hydropower and urban water supply in payments for ecosystem services (PES), and the global community in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in the context of the Bale Eco-region. The study identified major constraints to designing an appropriate financing mechanism. Finally, the study drew important conclusions and key policy implications that are relevant for Ethiopia and perhaps other areas in a similar context.
4 Searchinger, T. D.; Wirsenius, S.; Beringer, T.; Dumas, P. 2018. Assessing the efficiency of changes in land use for mitigating climate change. Nature, 564(7735):249-253. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0757-z]
Climate change mitigation ; Land use ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Carbon stock assessments ; Costs ; Food production ; Crops ; Vegetation ; Livestock ; Models
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049292)
(6.96 MB)
Land-use changes are critical for climate policy because native vegetation and soils store abundant carbon and their losses from agricultural expansion, together with emissions from agricultural production, contribute about 20 to 25 per cent of greenhouse gas emissions1,2. Most climate strategies require maintaining or increasing land-based carbon3 while meeting food demands, which are expected to grow by more than 50 per cent by 20501,2,3,,2,4. A finite global land area implies that fulfilling these strategies requires increasing global land-use efficiency of both storing carbon and producing food. Yet measuring the efficiency of land-use changes from the perspective of greenhouse gas emissions is challenging, particularly when land outputs change, for example, from one food to another or from food to carbon storage in forests. Intuitively, if a hectare of land produces maize well and forest poorly, maize should be the more efficient use of land, and vice versa. However, quantifying this difference and the yields at which the balance changes requires a common metric that factors in different outputs, emissions from different agricultural inputs (such as fertilizer) and the different productive potentials of land due to physical factors such as rainfall or soils. Here we propose a carbon benefits index that measures how changes in the output types, output quantities and production processes of a hectare of land contribute to the global capacity to store carbon and to reduce total greenhouse gas emissions. This index does not evaluate biodiversity or other ecosystem values, which must be analysed separately. We apply the index to a range of land-use and consumption choices relevant to climate policy, such as reforesting pastures, biofuel production and diet changes. We find that these choices can have much greater implications for the climate than previously understood because standard methods for evaluating the effects of land use4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 on greenhouse gas emissions systematically underestimate the opportunity of land to store carbon if it is not used for agriculture.
5 Chapungu, L.; Nhamo, Luxon; Gatti, R. C. 2020. Estimating biomass of savanna grasslands as a proxy of carbon stock using multispectral remote sensing. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 17:100275. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2019.100275]
Carbon stock assessments ; Savannas ; Grasslands ; Biomass ; Estimation ; Remote sensing ; Climate change ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Ecosystems ; Satellite imagery ; Landsat ; Models / Zimbabwe / Mashonaland / Shamva / Bindura
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049412)
(1.70 MB)
Limited research has been done to estimate the root biomass (belowground biomass) of savanna grasslands. The advent of remote sensing and related products have facilitated the estimation of biomass in terrestrial ecosystems, providing a synoptic overview on ecosystems biomass. Multispectral remote sensing was used in this study to estimate total biomass (belowground and aboveground) of selected tropical savanna grassland species. Total biomass was estimated by assessing the relationship between aboveground and belowground biomass, the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and belowground biomass, and NDVI and total biomass. Results showed a positive significant relationship (p ¼ 0.005) between belowground and aboveground biomass. NDVI was significantly correlated (p ¼ 0.0386) to aboveground biomass and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was 18.97 whilst the model BIAS was 0.019, values within acceptable ranges. A significant relationship (p ¼ 0) was found between belowground biomass and NDVI and the RMSE was 5.53 and the model BIAS was 0.0041. More so, a significant relationship (p ¼ 0.054) was observed between NDVI and total biomass. The positive relationships between NDVI and total grass biomass and the lack of bias in the model provides an opportunity to routinely monitor carbon stock and assess seasonal carbon storage fluctuations in grasslands. There is great potential in the ability of remote sensing to become an indispensable tool for assessing, monitoring and inventorying carbon stocks in grassland ecosystems under tropical savanna conditions.
6 Mekonnen, M.; Abeje, T.; Addisu, S. 2021. Integrated watershed management on soil quality, crop productivity and climate change adaptation, dry highland of northeast Ethiopia. Agricultural Systems, 186:102964. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102964]
Watershed management ; Integrated management ; Soil quality ; Agricultural productivity ; Climate change adaptation ; Highlands ; Arid climate ; Soil conservation ; Water conservation ; Carbon stock assessments ; Soil organic carbon ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Soil chemicophysical properties ; Crop yield ; Land degradation ; Erosion ; Farmers / Ethiopia / Miyo-Hadi Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050104)
(4.32 MB)
Miyo-Hadi watershed in the northeast dry highland of Ethiopia is known for the excessive degradation of natural resources and recurrent drought. To avert the problem soil and water conservation practices (SWCPs) were exhaustively implemented by governmental and non-governmental organizations based on the integrated watershed management approach. Although many studies have been conducted in the wet highlands of Ethiopia to assess the role of SWCPs on soil physical and chemical properties, carbon stock and grain yield, studies in the dry highlands of northeast Ethiopia are limited. Thus, this research is aimed to (i) investigate the impacts of SWCPs on soil physical and chemical properties, (ii) quantify the carbon stock trapped by the SWCPs, (iii) assess barley grain yield and (iv) evaluate farmers' perception on climate change adaptive strategies. Field experiment, observation, socio-economic survey were conducted for data collection. SPSS was used for data analysis. The result shows that soil and water conservation practices positively influenced the physico-chemical properties of the soil and barley grain yield. The quality of soil physico-chemical properties and barley grain yield in the treated farms/fields were better than the untreated farms. Similarly, the quality of soil physico-chemical properties and barley grain yield were found to be high in farms with lower slope gradients than the higher slope gradients. Almost all of the interviewed households (93%) perceived the existence of climate change in the area; and recurrent drought, pest and disease were among the events. About 65% of the households perceived that the implemented strategies (SWCPs, infrastructure, credit & saving, and capacity building) were helpful to adapt climate related shocks. Therefore, it can be concluded that integrated watershed management as a holistic approach, and SWCPs as specific technologies have meaningful roles in terms of minimizing land degradation, improving soil quality, increasing barley yield, and reducing climate change.
7 Pandey, S. K.; Chand, N.; Nandy, S.; Muminov, A.; Sharma, A.; Ghosh, Surajit; Srinet, R. 2020. High-resolution mapping of forest carbon stock using Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) technique. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 48(6):865-875. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-020-01121-8]
Forests ; Carbon stock assessments ; Mapping ; Satellite imagery ; Image analysis ; Techniques ; Estimation / India / Uttarakhand / Barkot Forest
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050799)
(6.21 MB)
This study assessed and mapped the aboveground tree carbon stock using very high-resolution satellite imagery (VHRS)—WorldView-2 in Barkot forest of Uttarakhand, India. The image was pan-sharpened to get the spectrally and spatially good-quality image. High-pass filter technique of pan-sharpening was found to be the best in this study. Object-based image analysis (OBIA) was carried out for image segmentation and classification. Multi-resolution image segmentation yielded 74% accuracy. The segmented image was classified into sal (Shorea robusta), teak (Tectona grandis) and shadow. The classification accuracy was found to be 83%. The relationship between crown projection area (CPA) and carbon was established in the field for both sal and teak trees. Using the relationship between CPA and carbon, the classified CPA map was converted to carbon stock of individual trees. Mean value of carbon stock per tree for sal was found to be 621 kg, whereas for teak it was 703 kg per tree. The study highlighted the utility of OBIA and VHRS imagery for mapping high-resolution carbon stock of forest.
8 Bordoloi, R.; Das, B.; Tripathi, O. P.; Sahoo, U. K.; Nath, A. J.; Deb, S.; Das, D. J.; Gupta, A.; Devi, N. B.; Charturvedi, S. S.; Tiwari, B. K.; Paul, A.; Tajo, L. 2022. Satellite based integrated approaches to modelling spatial carbon stock and carbon sequestration potential of different land uses of Northeast India. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 13:100166. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2021.100166]
Carbon sequestration ; Carbon stock assessments ; Land use ; Land cover ; Satellite imagery ; Landsat ; Vegetation index ; Regression analysis ; Biomass ; Climate change mitigation ; Forest cover ; Remote sensing ; Modelling ; Simulation / India / Arunachal Pradesh / Assam / Manipur / Meghalaya / Mizoram / Nagaland / Sikkim / Tripura
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050887)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665972721000672/pdfft?md5=2b0c924ff6ef3156dbcfe3c57e940f61&pid=1-s2.0-S2665972721000672-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050887.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050887.pdf
(4.25 MB) (4.25 MB)
The study aims to estimate and predict the aboveground biomass, carbon stock and carbon sequestration potential of different land uses of Northeast India and relate these estimates with the land use changes. Many applications such as carbon stock and sequestration monitoring, forest degradation monitoring, and climate change mitigation, require precise and timely estimation of forest biomass. Although traditional field inventory can reliably estimate forest biomass, remote sensing is emerging as an alternate and fast approach to cover larger area with relative precision for biomass estimation. In this study, a combined approach of field inventory and Landsat OLI derived vegetation indices were used in spatial modelling of aboveground biomass and carbon stock in different land uses. A stepwise multilinear regression algorithm was used to derive the model that used Landsat derived NDVI, SAVI and ARVI as predicators. The predicted AGB ranged from 14.32 to 185.95 Mg ha-1 with an average of 148.78 Mg ha-1. The developed model that used combined vegetation indices showed correlation of R2 = 0.79 with an RMSE of 51.04 Mg ha-1. The present study also applied the empirical model (CO2FIX) to simulate the future scenario of carbon stock and carbon sequestration potential of the different land uses. The carbon stock potential of different land uses were 182.31 Mg ha-1, 158.91 Mg ha-1, 134.98 Mg ha-1, 169.26 Mg ha-1, 133.84, 89.95 Mg ha-1, 128.3 Mg ha-1 and 61.36 Mg ha-1 in Tropical forest, Subtropical forest, Temperate forest, Tropical plantation, Subtropical plantation, Temperate plantation, Shifting fallows and Agricultural land, respectively.
9 Degefa, H.; Tolera, M.; Kim, D.-G.; Mekuria, Wolde. 2023. Effects of exclosures on woody species composition and carbon stocks: lessons drawn from the Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia. Land Degradation and Development, 34(7):2073-2087. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.4590]
Exclosures ; Carbon stock assessments ; Degraded forest land ; Grazing lands ; Soil organic carbon ; Woody plants ; Ecosystems ; Vegetation ; Total nitrogen ; Watersheds ; Biomass / Ethiopia / Central Rift Valley / Abine Germama-Gallo Hiraphe Watershed / Kolla Nurena Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051667)
(2.30 MB)
Effects of exclosures on restoring degraded lands may vary with soil type, exclosure age, and conditions before the establishment of exclosures. Yet, studies investigating the effectiveness of exclosures in restoring degraded lands under different environmental conditions are lacking. This study aims at investigating the changes in woody species richness and diversity, and ecosystem carbon stocks after implementing exclosures in the Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia. Vegetation and soil data were gathered from 120 nested plots established in exclosures of eight and 30-years-old and adjacent grazing lands. Results showed that exclosures contained a higher number of economically important woody species compared to their respective adjacent grazing lands. However, the exclosures and respective adjacent grazing lands did not differ significantly in the diversity of tree and shrub species, and both the exclosures and adjacent grazing lands were dominated by few tree and shrub species. The older exclosure (30 years old) displayed significantly (p < 0.01) higher soil organic carbon and soil total nitrogen content and stocks than the adjacent grazing land, whereas the youngest exclosure (8 years old) did not show a significant difference in these variables. The results suggest that a longer time (e.g., =10 years) is needed to detect significant differences in soil organic carbon and total soil nitrogen. However, exclosures could bring considerable changes in woody species density in a relatively shorter period (e.g., =10 years) and support to restore degraded native woody species.
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
