Your search found 3 records
1 Mukherjee, M.; Chindarkar, N.; Gronwall, J. 2015. Non-revenue water and cost recovery in urban India: the case of Bangalore. Water Policy, 17(3):484-501. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.304]
Water supply ; Urban areas ; Water costs ; Cost recovery ; Pricing ; Households ; Domestic water ; Water users ; User charges ; Low income groups ; Tube wells ; Socioeconomic environment ; Case studies / India / Bangalore / Halsoor / Hebbal / Vijinapura / Kengeri / Shettihalli / Bellanduru
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047403)
(0.28 MB)
This paper examines the issue of non-revenue water (NRW) in urban India, taking the city of Bangalore as a case study. Using empirical evidence from a survey conducted among 601 low-income households in Bangalore, we investigate the major sources of NRW for water utilities and propose policy recommendations based on the analysis. Our key finding is that public stand posts and public wells, which supply free water, are a non-trivial source of NRW. In addition, we find that revenue generation from metered tap connections is sub-optimal. Further, we observe potential revenue being shifted away from the public water utilities toward private providers, as several households pay for water obtained from neighbours, tankers, or other private sources. Drawing upon our findings, we propose a new tariff structure for urban water utilities to consider. We also review the implementation of prepayment metering for public stand posts in other developing countries and its feasibility in Bangalore.
2 Suwal, B. R.; Zhao, J.; Raina, A.; Wu, X.; Chindarkar, N.; Kumar, K. C. B.; Whittington, D. 2019. Households' preferences for water tariff structures in Kathmandu, Nepal. Water Policy, 21(S1):9-28. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.079]
Water supply ; Water rates ; Tariffs ; Prices ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Water use ; Case studies ; Strategies ; Models / Nepal / Kathmandu
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049459)
(0.29 MB)
Despite being politically sensitive, water tariffs are frequently administered without information about households' preferences for tariff structures. In this paper we examine the tariff preferences of 1,500 households in Kathmandu, Nepal. We first use a bivariate probit model to examine stated preferences for (1) an increasing block tariff (IBT) and (2) a positive fixed charge. We find that household preferences for IBTs and fixed charges are not easily explained by household socioeconomic and water use characteristics. Second, we ask respondents what they think a fair water bill would be for a randomly assigned quantity of water. We model the responses as a function of both quantity and household socioeconomic and water use characteristics. While households support a water tariff that results in a household's water bill increasing as a household's water use increases, we do not find evidence that households support an increasing, nonlinear relationship between water use and a household's water bill. Our results suggest that respondents desire affordable piped water services and water bills that are calculated fairly for everyone. Because the notion of fairness in Kathmandu varies, utility managers may have considerable latitude in choosing a tariff structure that focuses on other objectives, such as cost recovery, revenue stability, and economic efficiency.
3 Chen, Y. J.; Chindarkar, N.; Zhao, J. 2019. Water and time use: evidence from Kathmandu, Nepal. Water Policy, 21(S1):76-100. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.082]
Water use ; Time allocation ; Water supply ; Tap water ; Households ; Water productivity ; Socioeconomic environment ; Pipes ; Wells ; Infrastructure ; Wet season ; Dry season ; Regression analysis / Nepal / Kathmandu
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049461)
(0.77 MB)
In this paper, we examine the effect of private tap water reliability on time spent on water collection and total water consumption among urban households in Kathmandu, Nepal. Although the majority of households in Kathmandu are connected to a private tap, they experience intermittent water supply. We link a unique time diary dataset collected between 2014 and 2015 to household water consumption and tap water reliability data. Our empirical analyses demonstrate that improved reliability of private tap water connection (PWC), measured as self-reported reliability and an objective measure of ‘probability of getting tap water in the next hour’, leads to increased time spent on water collection. Households with more reliable PWC also consume more water overall and from their own taps. Further investigation demonstrates that when private taps became more reliable, households substituted water collected from outside the household, such as water from public taps and public wells, with water from their own private taps. Our results proved robust to additional specification checks.
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