Your search found 10 records
1 Netherlands Water Partnership; WASTE Advisers on Urban Environment and Development; Practica Foundation; Simavi; IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre; Partners for Water. 2006. Smart sanitation solutions: examples of innovative, low-cost technologies for toilets, collection, transportation, treatment and use of sanitation products. Delft, Netherlands: NWP. 68p.
Sanitation ; Appropriate technology ; Hygiene ; Public health ; Excreta ; Collection ; Transport ; Waste treatment ; Fertilizers ; Composting ; Soil conditioners ; Dehydration ; Anaerobic treatment ; Biogas ; Costs ; Case studies / Philippines / Nepal
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 628 G000 NET Record No: H038806)
http://www.arcworld.org/downloads/smart%20sanitation%20solutions%202.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H038806.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H038806.pdf
(4.97 MB) (4.97MB)
2 Schwarzenbeck, N.; Bomball, E.; Pfeiffer, W. 2008. Can a wastewater treatment plant be a powerplant?: a case study. Water Science and Technology, 57(10):1555-1561. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.215]
Wastewater treatment ; Sewage sludge ; Anaerobic treatment ; Energy generation ; Electrical energy ; Drying ; Residues ; Organic matter ; Costs
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046105)
(0.43 MB)
Today wastewater treatment plants are evaluated not only in terms of their treatment efficiency but also concerning their energy efficiency. Increasing energy efficiency can be realized either through operational optimisation or by realising an already existing potential for energy generation on-site. The main source of energy at a municipal wastewater treatment plant is the biogas produced in the anaerobic sludge digester. Studies indicate excess digester capacities of about 20% in Germany available for co-fermentation of organic substrates other than sewage sludge. This paper presents an example of a municipal wastewater treatment plant going towards an energy self-sufficient operation and even a surplus energy production as the result of an increasing co-fermentation of sludge from grease skimming tanks. In 2005 on average 113% of the electricity consumed for plant operation was generated on-site in gas engines. Co-fermentation of about 30% (related to the total dry residue input) of grease interceptor sludge in the presented case does not only effect a 4-times increased gas yield, but also an intensified 20% higher anaerobic degradation of the organic matter of the sewage sludge and thus having a positive influence not only on the energy and financial balance but also on the anaerobic sludge stabilisation with respect to the degradation degree of the organic fraction.
3 Ojha, S. 2014. Decentralised wastewater management for improving sanitation in peri-urban India. In Maheshwari, B.; Purohit, R.; Malano, H.; Singh, V. P.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. (Eds.). The security of water, food, energy and liveability of cities: challenges and opportunities for peri-urban futures. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.201-215. (Water Science and Technology Library Volume 71)
Wastewater management ; Decentralization ; Sanitation ; Wastewater treatment ; Anaerobic treatment ; Water reuse ; Periurban areas ; Water availability ; Constraints ; Land tenure ; Economic aspects ; Population growth ; Social aspects ; Waste disposal / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047028)
The most challenging characteristics that set peri-urban areas apart from the urban and rural sectors are poor site conditions, unreliable water availability, high population density, the heterogeneous nature of the population and the lack of legal land tenure. One of the major problems that dwellers in the peri-urban regions have to face every day are sanitation problems. In these peri-urban areas, there are inadequate facilities for waste water disposal and there is a need to improve the water quality through wastewater treatment processes. In this study, it is observed that conventional centralised approaches to wastewater management have generally failed to address the needs of communities for the collection and disposal of domestic wastewater and faecal sludge from on-site sanitation. There are opportunities for implementing wastewater management systems based on a decentralised approach that may offer opportunities for wastewater re-use and resource recovery as well as improvements in local environmental health conditions. A number of decentralised wastewater options are discussed in this paper which can be effectively implemented in peri-urban areas. Further, anaerobic treatment of wastewater is advocated for it generates biogas (mainly methane) which can be used in generators for electricity production and/or in boilers for heating purposes. Also, waste stabilisation ponds can be used for fish culture. The study emphasises the importance of building the capacity of local organisations in all aspects of decentralised wastewater management. A number of aspects related to the operational sustainability of decentralised technologies for wastewater management in peri-urban areas and their associated management requirements. In general, the choice of technology is limited by the need to ensure that the operation and maintenance requirements of the chosen technology are compatible with the levels of knowledge and skills available at the local level.
4 Libhaber, M.; Orozco-Jaramillo, A. 2012. Sustainable treatment and reuse of municipal wastewater: for decision makers and practicing engineers. London, UK: IWA Publishing. 557p.
Urban wastes ; Wastewater treatment ; Water reuse ; Effluents ; Wastewater irrigation ; Water scarcity ; Sustainability ; Appropriate technology ; Organic matter ; Degradation ; Aerobic treatment ; Anaerobic treatment ; Pollutant load ; Chemical control ; Lagoons ; Reservoirs ; Wetlands ; Flow discharge ; Filtration ; Climate change ; Greenhouse gases ; Emission ; Decision making ; Case studies ; Developing countries
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 628.3 G000 LIB Record No: H047417)
(0.67 MB)
5 Arceivala, S. J.; Asolekar, S. R. 2007. Wastewater treatment for pollution control and reuse. 3rd ed. New Delhi, India: McGraw-Hill Education. 518p.
Wastewater Management ; Waste water treatment plants ; Pollution control ; Ecosystem approaches ; Waste disposal ; Environmental impact assessment ; Urban wastes ; Solid wastes ; Slums ; Sewerage ; Sanitation ; Mechanical methods ; Aerobic treatment ; Bioreactors ; Biological treatment of pollutants ; Sludge treatment ; Anaerobic treatment ; Physicochemical treatment ; Membrane processes ; Aerated lagoons ; Stabilization ponds ; Fish ponds ; Hyacinthus ; Duckweed ; Constructed wetlands ; Vermiculture ; Algal growth ; Oxygen requirement ; Phosphorus removal ; Nitrification ; Denitrification ; Wastewater irrigation ; Irrigation systems ; Soil properties ; Agriculture ; Water reuse ; Industrial uses ; Water conservation ; Groundwater recharge ; Water supply ; Public distribution system ; Resource recovery ; Sustainability ; Planning ; Guidelines / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 628.3 G000 ARC Record No: H047990)
(0.67 MB)
6 Tayler, K. 2018. Faecal sludge and septage treatment: a guide for low- and middle-income countries. Warwickshire, UK: Practical Action Publishing. 349p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3362/9781780449869]
Waste management ; Wastewater treatment ; Faecal sludge ; Excreta ; Sanitation ; Sewerage ; Septic tanks ; Pit latrines ; Waste disposal ; Waste water treatment plants ; Anaerobic treatment ; Solid wastes ; Liquid wastes ; Sludge dewatering ; Technology ; Planning ; Developing countries
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 628.364 G000 TAY Record No: H049393)
https://www.susana.org/_resources/documents/default/3-3439-7-1540380071.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049393.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049393.pdf
(9.19 MB) (9.19 MB)
7 Nikiema, Josiane; Tanoh-Nguessan, R.; Abiola, F.; Cofie, Olufunke O. 2020. Introducing co-composting to fecal sludge treatment plants in Benin and Burkina Faso: a logistical and financial assessment. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 50p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 17) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2020.206]
Resource recovery ; Resource management ; Reuse ; Faecal sludge ; Waste treatment ; Solid wastes ; Treatment plants ; Composting ; Logistics ; Economic analysis ; Waste management ; Waste collection ; Sewerage ; Recycling ; Waste disposal ; Sludge dewatering ; Anaerobic treatment ; Septic tanks ; Sanitation ; Technology ; Maintenance ; Public-private partnerships ; Investment ; Business models ; Cost recovery ; Production costs ; Operating costs ; Marketing ; Cost benefit analysis ; Land use ; Urban areas ; Households / West Africa / Benin / Burkina Faso / Ghana / Ouagadougou / Accra / Grand Nokoue
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H049802)
(1.47 MB)
Based on primary data from fecal sludge (FS) treatment plants in three West African urban regions (Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso, Greater Accra in Ghana, and Grand Nokoué in Benin), FS collection and treatment patterns were analyzed to identify possible scenarios for resource recovery (RR) through FS co-composting. FS collection was analyzed for up to 7 years, in part per day, month and season, as well as FS characteristics to understand peak flows, FS qualities and related variations to plan for appropriate RR technology and capacities.
Overall, the FS volumes collected by vacuum trucks were not significantly affected by the calendar days, months or seasons. Commonly assumed increases during rainy months were, for example, only recorded in Ouagadougou. FS composition appeared highly variable with a pronounced difference in total solids between FS collected from households versus institutional sources, likely indicating that institutions are served more frequently.
The analyzed treatment plants appear to be exploited beyond their capacity. RR for reuse can turn sludge disposal from a cost into a source of revenue with co-benefits for farmers and the environment, thereby reducing the pressure on tipping fees. The probability of the added co-compost production being financially viable on its own was estimated for all the study sites, indicating an earliest breakeven point after 5 to 8 years.
Overall, the FS volumes collected by vacuum trucks were not significantly affected by the calendar days, months or seasons. Commonly assumed increases during rainy months were, for example, only recorded in Ouagadougou. FS composition appeared highly variable with a pronounced difference in total solids between FS collected from households versus institutional sources, likely indicating that institutions are served more frequently.
The analyzed treatment plants appear to be exploited beyond their capacity. RR for reuse can turn sludge disposal from a cost into a source of revenue with co-benefits for farmers and the environment, thereby reducing the pressure on tipping fees. The probability of the added co-compost production being financially viable on its own was estimated for all the study sites, indicating an earliest breakeven point after 5 to 8 years.
8 Gross,T.; Breitenmoser, L.; Kumar, S.; Ehrensperger, A.; Wintgens, T.; Hugi, C. 2021. Anaerobic digestion of biowaste in Indian municipalities: effects on energy, fertilizers, water and the local environment. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 170:105569. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105569]
Waste management ; Urban wastes ; Biowaste ; Biogas ; Anaerobic treatment ; Renewable energy ; Fertilizers ; Water resources ; Environmental pollution ; Emission ; Sustainable agriculture ; Villages ; Towns ; Households ; Public health / India / Maharashtra / Deolapar / Pachgaon / Badlapur / Ambarnath / Nagpur / Thane
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050404)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921344921001762/pdfft?md5=bb0d9c8fdab0096a134a7860bf08227f&pid=1-s2.0-S0921344921001762-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050404.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050404.pdf
(3.55 MB) (3.55 MB)
Anaerobic digestion (AD) of biowaste seems promising to provide renewable energy (biogas) and organic fertilizers (digestate) and mitigate environmental pollution in India. Intersectoral analyses of biowaste management in municipalities are needed to reveal benefits and trade-offs of AD at the implementation-level. Therefore, we applied material flow analyses (MFAs) to quantify effects of potential AD treatment of biowaste on energy and fertilizer supply, water consumption and environmental pollution in two villages, two towns and two cities in Maharashtra. Results show that in villages AD of available manure and crop residues can cover over half of the energy consumption for cooking (EC) and reduce firewood dependency. In towns and cities, AD of municipal biowaste is more relevant for organic fertilizer supply and pollution control because digestate can provide up to several times the nutrient requirements for crop production, but can harm ecosystems when discharged to the environment. Hence, in addition to energy from municipal biowaste - which can supply 4-6% of EC - digestate valorisation seems vital but requires appropriate post-treatment, quality control and trust building with farmers. To minimize trade-offs, water-saving options should be considered because 2-20% of current groundwater abstraction in municipalities is required to treat all available biowaste with 'wet' AD systems compared to <3% with 'dry' AD systems. We conclude that biowaste management with AD requires contextualized solutions in the setting of energy, fertilizers and water at the implementation-level to conceive valorization strategies for all AD products, reduce environmental pollution and minimize trade-offs with water resources.
9 Khan, F.; Ali, Y. 2022. Moving towards a sustainable circular bio-economy in the agriculture sector of a developing country. Ecological Economics, 196:107402. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107402]
Circular economy ; Bioeconomy ; Sustainability ; Waste management ; Developing countries ; Agricultural wastes ; Recycling ; Biomass ; Biofertilizers ; Anaerobic treatment ; Decision making ; Models / Pakistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051198)
(1.19 MB)
To achieve higher standards of sustainability, Pakistan has to shift towards the adoption of the Circular Bio-Economy (CBE) approach in its agriculture sector. However, to aid this transition, the determination of a sustainable waste management technology and supporting strategies is very essential. For this purpose, a hybrid methodology based on fuzzy Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) and fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is developed. The fuzzy approach used in both the cases is to address any sort of ambiguity during the decision-making process. From the fuzzy SWOT analysis, the decision-makers allocated the most importance to the “ease of adoption” criteria, among the list of internal factors. Whereas, from the list of external factors, the most importance was allocated to the “price competitiveness with respect to fossil feedstock” criteria. Also, composting and anaerobic digestion are considered to be the most sustainable technologies for valorizing the agricultural waste of Pakistan. However, composting showcases more opportunities for its adoption as compared to anaerobic digestion. Whereas, results from fuzzy TOPSIS suggest the provision of financial support to both the local farmers and investors to be the top-ranked strategy for the successful implementation of the CBE approach.
10 Khaja, M. A.; Shah, S. R.; Ahmad, A.; Khursheed, A.; Malani, S. 2023. Biogas production from water lilies, food waste, and sludge: substrate characterization and process performance. AQUA - Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society, jws2023242. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.242]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052365)
https://iwaponline.com/aqua/article-pdf/doi/10.2166/aqua.2023.242/1321014/jws2023242.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052365.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052365.pdf
(0.65 MB) (660 KB)
The potential of water lilies, food waste, and sludge as substrates for biogas production through anaerobic digestion was investigated. We thoroughly characterized these substrates and found that water lilies had a pH of 6.4, total solids (TS) of 18.42%, volatile solids (VS) of 81.46%, and a moisture content of 87%. Food waste exhibited a pH of 7.6, TS at 27.23%, VS at 90.6%, and a moisture content of 75%. Sludge had a pH of 6.5, TS of 6%, VS of 60%, and a moisture content of 95%. Biogas production exhibited variations among the reactors. Reactor 1 reached a cumulative production of 2,527 mL, while Reactor 4 achieved 3,404 mL, with different lag phases. Reactor 4 displayed the highest biogas yield at 262 mL/g VS. Post-digestion tests confirmed efficient digestion, with volatile fatty acids ranging from 140 to 300 mg/L acetic acid and alkalinity levels between 800 and 1,500 mg CaCO3/L. Our study estimated a significant methane content, with the potential to produce 94.32 L of methane from 1 kg of TS.
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