Inmagic DB/Text WebPublisher PRO: 5 records

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1 Carlstein, T. 1982. Irrigation agriculture: The ecotechnology of irrigated cultivation. In Time resources, society and ecology. London, UK: Allen & Unwin. pp.257-300.

Water distribution ; Irrigation programs ; Developing countries ; Water policy / Mesopotamia / China / Egypt / Indus Valley

(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 2582 Record No: H011386)

2 Khanzada, A. N.; Morris, J. D.; Ansari, R.; Slavich, P. G.; Collopy, J. J. 1998. Groundwater uptake and sustainability of Acacia and Prosopis plantations in Southern Pakistan. Agricultural Water Management, 36(2):121-139.

Water use ; Salinity ; Water table ; Models ; Groundwater ; Sustainability / Pakistan / Indus Valley / Sindh Province / Tando Jam

(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H022352)

3 Agarwal, A.; Narain, S. 2004. Thar – Secrets of the desert. New Delhi, India: Centre for Science and Environment. 1 VCD; 52 mins.

Water scarcity ; Groundwater ; Recharge ; Wells ; Water harvesting ; Catchment areas ; Water storage ; Canals ; Domestic water ; Irrigation water ; History ; Livestock ; Fodder ; Poverty / India / Thar Desert / Bikaner / Jodhpur / Sindh / Indus Valley / Rajasthan / Rajasthan Canal

(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: VCD 333.91 G000 TEL Record No: H035832)

4 Podgorski, J. E.; Eqani, S. A. M. A. S.; Khanam, T.; Ullah, R.; Shen, H.; Berg, M. 2017. Extensive arsenic contamination in high-pH unconfined aquifers in the Indus Valley. Science Advances, 3(8):1-10. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700935]

Arsenic ; Contamination ; Groundwater ; Aquifers ; pH ; Water quality ; Drinking water ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Soils ; Probability analysis ; Regression analysis ; Models ; Forecasting / Pakistan / Indus Valley

(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048293)

http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/8/e1700935.full.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048293.pdf

(0.96 MB) (980 KB)

Arsenic-contaminated aquifers are currently estimated to affect ~150 million people around the world. However, the full extent of the problem remains elusive. This is also the case in Pakistan, where previous studies focused on isolated areas. Using a new data set of nearly 1200 groundwater quality samples throughout Pakistan, we have created state-of-the-art hazard and risk maps of arsenic-contaminated groundwater for thresholds of 10 and 50 mg/liter. Logistic regression analysis was used with 1000 iterations, where surface slope, geology, and soil parameters were major predictor variables. The hazard model indicates that much of the Indus Plain is likely to have elevated arsenic concentrations, although the rest of the country is mostly safe. Unlike other arsenic-contaminated areas of Asia, the arsenic release process in the arid Indus Plain appears to be dominated by elevated-pH dissolution, resulting from alkaline topsoil and extensive irrigation of unconfined aquifers, although pockets of reductive dissolution are also present. We estimate that approximately 50 million to 60 million people use groundwater within the area at risk, with hot spots around Lahore and Hyderabad. This number is alarmingly high and demonstrates the urgent need for verification and testing of all drinking water wells in the Indus Plain, followed by appropriate mitigation measures.

5 Pande, S.; Uhlenbrook, Stefan. 2020. On the linkage between hydrology and society—learning from history about two-way interactions for sustainable development. Water History, 12(4):387-402. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12685-020-00264-2]

Hydrology ; Archaeology ; Sustainable Development Goals ; River basins ; Human settlements ; Society ; Migration ; Livelihoods ; Population ; Diversification ; Climate change ; Resilience ; Water policy ; Technology ; Innovation ; Case studies / Australia / Pakistan / India / Murrumbidgee River Basin / Indus Valley / Indus River Basin

(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050112)

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12685-020-00264-2.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050112.pdf

(0.86 MB) (884 KB)

The challenge of sustainable development is enshrined in the ambitious 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development of the United Nations. The 17 goals and its various targets are unique with water being one of the cross cutting themes. Taking examples of past water dependent societies in a comparative setting, this paper challenges the new field of Archaeo-hydrology in how it could contribute to the 2030 Agenda based on what can be learned from past and contemporary water dependent societies. We find that societies have coped with climate variability by diversifying both in occupation, livelihoods and use of space. Sharing the costs of coordinating such diversification requires inclusive institutions and technological innovations. Similar to technology, new social institutions emerge in response to a changing environment. However, in tandem, slow out-migration of people seems to go on, driven by better livelihood opportunities outside. If technological innovation and institutional evolution are not rapid enough, then migration seems to take over as the adaptive mechanism in response to environmental changes resulting in rapid dispersal. This means that migration from smaller, less endowed societies can be expected to be rapid, with repetitive cycles of abandonment and rehabilitation after each critical climate or adverse environment events. Consequently, more place based local innovations should be encouraged and local economies should be diversified to increase the resilience so that vulnerable societies may inherit favourable know-how for a sustainable future under changing climatic conditions.