Your search found 24 records
1 Platonov, Alexander; Wegerich, Kai; Kazbekov, Jusipbek; Kabilov, Firdavs. 2014. Beyond the state order?: second crop production in the Ferghana Valley, Uzbekistan. International Journal of Water Governance, 2:83-104. [doi: https://doi.org/10.7564/14-IJWG58]
Crop production ; Irrigated land ; Cash crops ; Cotton ; Winter wheat ; Food policies ; Farmers ; State intervention ; Water resources ; Water user associations / Central Asia / Uzbekistan / Ferghana Valley
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046615)
(2.38 MB)
After independence in 1991, Uzbekistan introduced a policy on food security and consequently reduced the irrigated area allocated to cotton and increased the area of winter wheat. Shifting to winter wheat allowed farmers to grow a second crop outside the state-order system. The second crops are the most profitable and therefore farmers tried to maximize the area grown to this second crop. Although the second crops are the most profitable, only few studies have focused on this topic. Evidence is presented which shows that state control of crops has been extended from the main crops, cotton and wheat, to the second crops. Satellite images used for classification of main crops in two provinces of the Ferghana Valley for 2006–2011, highlight that the area utilized for second crops is dependent on the infrastructure that enables access to the water resource, not on the area’s position within the irrigation system.
2 Sanderatne, N.; de Alwis, S. 2014. National and household food security in Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Centre for Poverty Analysis (CEPA). 112p. (CEPA Study Series 8 - 2014)
Household income ; Household expenditure ; Food security ; Right to food ; Food production ; Food policies ; Development projects ; Political aspects ; Economic aspects ; Rice ; Subsidies ; Imports ; Nutrition ; Malnutrition / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 338.19 G744 SAN Record No: H046772)
(0.33 MB)
3 Breisinger, C.; Ecker, O.; Maystadt, J.; Trinh Tan, J.; Al-Riffai, P.; Bouzar, K.; Sma, A.; Abdelgadir, M. 2014. How to build resilience to conflict: the role of food security. Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 38p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896295667]
Household food security ; Food policies ; Conflict ; Poverty ; Nutrition ; Income ; Development projects ; Agriculture ; Livestock ; Prices ; Drought ; Case studies / Egypt / Somalia / Sudan / Yemen
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 363.1926 G000 BRE Record No: H046860)
http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/pr28.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046860.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046860.pdf
(1.59 MB) (1.59 MB)
4 Fan, S.; Pandya-Lorch, R.; Yosef, S. (Eds.) 2014. Resilience for food and nutrition security. Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 211p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896296787]
Food security ; Nutrition ; Food policies ; Food prices ; Climate change ; Weather hazards ; Farmers ; Agricultural extension ; Advisory services ; Pastoralism ; Conflict ; Refugees ; Rural poverty ; Households ; Gender ; Living standards ; Public health ; Social aspects ; Non governmental organizations ; Case studies / Africa South of Sahara / Somalia / Kenya / Ethiopia / Djibouti / Yemen
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 363.1926 G000 FAN Record No: H046861)
http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/oc79.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046861.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046861.pdf
(3.87 MB) (3.87 MB)
5 Fritz, S.; Alders, R.; Bagnol, B.; Msami, H.; Mtambo, K. 2015. Tanzania’s food security: seeking sustainable agricultural intensification and dietary diversity. In Nagothu, U. S. (Ed.). Food security and development: country case studies. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.174-204.
Food security ; Sustainable agriculture ; Intensification ; Feeding habits ; Food production ; Smallholders ; Food supply ; Food policies ; Economic aspects ; Water use efficiency ; Fertilizers ; Subsidies ; Soil management ; Land use ; Poverty ; Nutrition ; Living standards / Tanzania
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 338.19 G000 NAG Record No: H046983)
6 de Zeeuw, H.; Drechsel, Pay. (Eds.) 2015. Cities and agriculture: developing resilient urban food systems. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. 431p.
Urbanization ; Urban agriculture ; Food policies ; Food industry ; Food security ; Food production ; Food consumption ; Food supply ; Food chains ; Nutrition ; Feeding habits ; Stakeholders ; Developing countries ; Urban wastes ; Organic wastes ; Organic matter ; Liquid wastes ; Solid wastes ; Excreta ; Waste treatment ; Wastewater treatment ; Water quality ; Climate change ; Horticulture ; Irrigation systems ; Aalternative agriculture ; Greenhouses ; Livestock ; Forestry ; Agroforestry ; Aquaculture ; Gender ; Equity ; Economic development ; Financing ; Income ; Flood control ; Health hazards ; Public health ; Environmental effects ; Pollution ; Households ; Urban farmers ; Sustainability
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047224)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/Books/PDF/cities_and_agriculture-developing_resilient_urban_food_systems.pdf
http://www.ruaf.org/publications/cities-and-agriculture-developing-resilient-urban-food-systems
http://www.ruaf.org/publications/cities-and-agriculture-developing-resilient-urban-food-systems
(20.6 MB)
7 Fernando, Sudarshana; Semasinghe, Christina; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Wijayamunie, R.; Wickramasinghe, N.; Dissanayake, S. 2016. City region food system situational analysis, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE); Rome, Italy: FAO; Accra, Ghana: Resource Centres on Urban Agriculture and Food Security (RUAF). 251p.
Food consumption ; Food supply ; Food safety ; Food policies ; Food production ; Food chains ; Food security ; Stakeholders ; Corporate culture ; Institutions ; Government departments ; Municipal authorities ; Private sector ; International organizations ; Legal aspects ; Legislation ; Regulations ; Policy making ; Decision making ; Human nutrition ; Malnutrition ; Sociocultural environment ; Poverty ; Natural resources management ; Climate change ; Land use ; Economic aspects ; Small scale systems ; Vegetables ; Fruits ; Livestock ; Milk production ; Crops ; Market prices ; Waste disposal ; Waste management ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Sanitation / Sri Lanka / Colombo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047774)
(7.37 MB)
8 Karg, H.; Drechsel, Pay. (Eds.) 2018. Atlas of West African urban food systems: examples from Ghana and Burkina Faso. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 83p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2018.224]
Urban areas ; Urban agriculture ; Urban development ; Farming systems ; Livestock production ; Forestry ; Food marketing ; Food consumption ; Food composition ; Food safety ; Food policies ; Food supply ; Household consumption ; Stakeholders ; Diets ; Land use ; Vegetation ; Trees ; Backyard farming ; Crop production ; Cultivation ; Wastewater irrigation ; Wastewater treatment ; Water resources ; Nutrition / West Africa / Ghana / Burkina Faso / Tamale / Ouagadougou
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048998)
(10.0 MB)
This Atlas summarizes recent advances in interdisciplinary approaches and research to address the different components of West African urban food systems, including urban and peri-urban agriculture. It thereby draws on the results of several major collaborative research projects and stakeholder consultations conducted in West Africa over the past two decades, and in particular on the UrbanFoodPlus project in Ghana and Burkina Faso (www.urbanfoodplus.org). The publication targets with its innovative design a broad range of stakeholders.
9 Thow, A. M.; Greenberg, S.; Hara, M.; Friel, S.; du Toit, A.; Sanders, D. 2018. Improving policy coherence for food security and nutrition in South Africa: a qualitative policy analysis. Food Security, 10(4):1105-1130. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-018-0813-4]
Food security ; Nutrition ; Food policies ; Food supply ; Agricultural policies ; Agricultural production ; Economic policies ; Economic growth ; Trade policies ; Investment policies ; Agreements ; Political aspects ; Public health ; Malnutrition ; Social aspects / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048938)
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs12571-018-0813-4.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048938.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048938.pdf
(0.83 MB) (848 KB)
Like most other low and middle-income countries, South Africa must address a rising burden of diet-related chronic disease in a situation of persistent food insecurity and undernutrition. Supply-side policy interventions are a critical component of action to address the double burden of malnutrition. However, the food supply is governed by a number of different policy sectors, and policy incoherence can occur between government action to promote a healthy food supply and objectives for economic liberalization. We analysed the coherence of food supply policy content with respect to nutrition and food security in South Africa, and conducted 14 in-depth interviews with 22 public and private sector actors to identify opportunities to improve policy coherence across sectors governing the food supply. Drawing on Sabatier’s conceptualization of actors as influential in shaping policy outcomes, we identified three coalitions of actors related to food security and nutrition in South Africa: the dominant Economic Growth coalition, the Food Security coalition, and the Health coalition. Understanding the frames, beliefs and resources held by these coalitions offers insights into the policy tensions faced by the Government of South Africa with respect to the food supply. The analysis indicates that the current reconsideration of economic policy agendas favouring liberalization in South Africa, including the termination of most bilateral investment treaties, may present an opportunity for increased recognition of food security and nutrition priorities in food supply policy making. Opportunities to strengthen policy coherence across the food supply for food security and nutrition include: specific changes to economic policy relating to the food supply that achieve both food security/nutrition and economic objectives; creating links between producers and consumers, through markets and fiscal incentives that make healthy / fresh foods more accessible and affordable; increasing formal avenues for engagement by Civil Society in nutrition and food security policy making; and including consideration of the nutritional quality of the food supply in policy objectives across sectors, to create a framework for policy coherence across sectors relating to the food supply.
10 Wunderlich, S. M.; Martinez, N. M. 2018. Conserving natural resources through food loss reduction: production and consumption stages of the food supply chain. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 6(4):331-339. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2018.06.002]
Food wastes ; Food production ; Food consumption ; Food security ; Sustainability ; Food supply chain ; Natural resources management ; Environmental effects ; Food policies ; Developing countries ; Developed countries
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049040)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095633918300984/pdfft?md5=5dc22b0f18c64c8e95f177011effcc65&pid=1-s2.0-S2095633918300984-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049040.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049040.pdf
(0.43 MB) (448 KB)
Globally, attention has been drawn to the increasingly alarming rates of food loss and waste (FLW) along the food supply chain (FSC) and its contributions to the depletion of the natural resources and rise in greenhouse gas emissions. Within the past decade, discovery of the rippling impacts of this interrelationship has generated an increased sense of urgency in efforts amongst scholars, global leaders, government and non-government agencies to research, and formulate comprehensive plans and goals to address and reduce the rates of global FLW. Not only does FLW lessen the quantity of available food, but also, the availability of the many natural resources required to produce food. This will become an important factor when the world population increases by more than 30% by the year 2050. Although advances have been made, still 1.3 billion tons of food are wasted every year due to various underlying causes and challenges. This enormous quantity of wasted food also represents an increase in usage of natural resources. In the United States (U.S.), food and agriculture consume up to 16% of energy, almost half of the land, and account for 67% of the nation's freshwater use (NRDC, 2017). The rate of natural resource depletion is not sustainable, and it endangers the ecosystem. Multiple reports have cited the first and last stages of the FSC as the most significant contributors of FLW and environmental resource depletion. This literature review attempts to provide a comprehensive assessment of the intricacies of the FSC, the multi-variable causes of global FLW at the production and consumption stages, its environmental implications and the necessary sustainability compliant actions.
11 Borgomeo, Edoardo; Santos, N. 2019. Towards a new generation of policies and investments in agricultural water in the Arab region: fertile ground for innovation. Background paper prepared for the high level meeting on agricultural water policies and investments. Rome, Italy: FAO; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 124p.
Agricultural sector ; Water management ; Water policy ; Agricultural policies ; Irrigation investment ; Funding ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Agricultural development ; Food policies ; Food security ; Water security ; Water supply ; Water scarcity ; Water governance ; Water productivity ; Water user associations ; Water resources ; Groundwater ; Climate change ; Wastewater ; Water reuse ; Innovation ; Technology ; Solar energy ; Public-private partnerships ; Economic value ; Social protection ; Gender ; Farmers ; Case studies / Arab Region / Algeria / Bahrain / Comoros / Djibouti / Egypt / Iraq / Jordan / Kuwait / Lebanon / Libya / Mauritania / Morocco / Oman / Qatar / Saudi Arabia / Somalia / Sudan / Syrian Arab Republic / Tunisia / United Arab Emirates / West Bank and Gaza / Yemen
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049659)
(2.64 MB) (2.64 MB)
The Arab region needs a new generation of policies and investments in agricultural water. Agricultural water management has always posed challenges and opportunities in the Arab world. However, unprecedented and accelerating drivers such as climate change, population growth, and land degradation make agricultural water management a more urgent priority than ever before. In addition, as part of the 2030 UN Agenda for Sustainable Development, Arab countries have committed to work towards an ambitious set of development targets, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Unless the right policies and investments are put in place, it will be difficult to achieve the SDGs, including ending hunger and providing clean water and sanitation for all.
This paper is part of an ongoing collaboration between the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Water Management Institute to foster dialogue on agricultural water policies and investments in the context of the FAO led Regional Water Scarcity initiative. The purpose of the paper is to frame the key challenges and opportunities in the sector – including emerging innovations in digital agriculture, water accounting, water supply and wastewater reuse – and to lay out broad strategic directions for action.
This paper is part of an ongoing collaboration between the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Water Management Institute to foster dialogue on agricultural water policies and investments in the context of the FAO led Regional Water Scarcity initiative. The purpose of the paper is to frame the key challenges and opportunities in the sector – including emerging innovations in digital agriculture, water accounting, water supply and wastewater reuse – and to lay out broad strategic directions for action.
12 Freed, S.; Barman, B.; Dubois, M.; Flor, R. J.; Funge-Smith, S.; Gregory, R.; Hadi, B. A. R.; Halwart, M.; Haque, M.; Jagadish, S. V. K.; Joffre, O. M.; Karim, M.; Kura, Y.; McCartney, Matthew; Mondal, M.; Nguyen, V. K.; Sinclair, F.; Stuart, A. M.; Tezzo, X.; Yadav, S.; Cohen, P. J. 2020. Maintaining diversity of integrated rice and fish production confers adaptability of food systems to global change. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 4:576179. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.576179]
Food systems ; Inland fisheries ; Ricefield aquaculture ; Food production ; Fishery production ; Agropisciculture ; Agricultural practices ; Diversification ; Community involvement ; Food security ; Nutrition security ; Food policies ; Shrimp culture ; Biodiversity conservation ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Green revolution ; Agroecology ; Livelihoods ; Case studies / Cambodia / Bangladesh / Myanmar / Vietnam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050055)
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2020.576179/pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050055.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050055.pdf
(1.92 MB) (1.92 MB)
Rice and fish are preferred foods, critical for healthy and nutritious diets, and provide the foundations of local and national economies across Asia. Although transformations, or “revolutions,” in agriculture and aquaculture over the past half-century have primarily relied upon intensified monoculture to increase rice and fish production, agroecological approaches that support biodiversity and utilize natural processes are particularly relevant for achieving a transformation toward food systems with more inclusive, nutrition-sensitive, and ecologically sound outcomes. Rice and fish production are frequently integrated within the same physical, temporal, and social spaces, with substantial variation amongst the types of production practice and their extent. In Cambodia, rice field fisheries that strongly rely upon natural processes persist in up to 80% of rice farmland, whereas more input and infrastructure dependent rice-shrimp culture is expanding within the rice farmland of Vietnam. We demonstrate how a diverse suite of integrated production practices contribute to sustainable and nutrition-sensitive food systems policy, research, and practice. We first develop a typology of integrated production practices illustrating the nature and degree of: (a) fish stocking, (b) water management, (c) use of synthetic inputs, and (d) institutions that control access to fish. Second, we summarize recent research and innovations that have improved the performance of each type of practice. Third, we synthesize data on the prevalence, outcomes, and trajectories of these practices in four South and Southeast Asian countries that rely heavily on fish and rice for food and nutrition security. Focusing on changes since the food systems transformation brought about by the Green Revolution, we illustrate how integrated production practices continue to serve a variety of objectives to varying degrees: food and nutrition security, rural livelihood diversification and income improvement, and biodiversity conservation. Five shifts to support contemporary food system transformations [i.e., disaggregating (1) production practices and (2) objectives, (3) utilizing diverse metrics, (4) valuing emergent, place-based innovation, (5) building adaptive capacity] would accelerate progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 2, specifically through ensuring ecosystem maintenance, sustainable food production, and resilient agricultural practices with the capacity to adapt to global change.
13 Mukherji, Aditi. 2022. Sustainable groundwater management in India needs a water-energy-food nexus approach. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 44(1):394-410. (Special issue: CWAE 40th Anniversary) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13123]
Groundwater management ; Sustainability ; Water policy ; Energy policies ; Food policies ; Nexus ; Green revolution ; Public investment ; Private investment ; Subsidies ; Groundwater depletion ; Groundwater irrigation ; Electricity supplies ; Tariffs ; Solar energy ; Pumps ; Pumping ; Canals ; Tube wells ; Water use ; Food prices ; Agriculture ; Food production ; Nutrition / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050121)
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aepp.13123
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050121.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050121.pdf
(1.07 MB) (1.07 MB)
Groundwater depletion in India is a result of water, energy, and food policies that have given rise to a nexus where growth in agriculture has been supported by unsustainable trends in water and energy use. This nexus emanates from India’s policy of providing affordable calories to its large population. This requires that input prices are kept low, leading to perverse incentives that encourage groundwater overexploitation. The paper argues that solutions to India’s groundwater problems need to be embedded within the current context of its water-energy-food nexus. Examples are provided of changes underway in some water-energy-food policies that may halt further groundwater depletion.
14 O'Hara, S.; Toussaint, E. C. 2021. Food access in crisis: food security and COVID-19. Ecological Economics, 180:106859. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106859]
Food access ; Food security ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Public health ; Urban agriculture ; Food systems ; Food policies ; Food supply chains ; Food insecurity ; Food production ; Business models ; Communities ; Socioeconomic aspects / USA / Washington
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050134)
(0.72 MB)
Disparities in food access and the resulting inequities in food security are persistent problems in cities across the United States. The nation's capital is no exception. The District of Columbia's 's geography of food insecurity reveals a history of uneven food access that has only been amplified by the vulnerability of food supply chains during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper examines the history of food insecurity in Washington, D.C., and explores new opportunities presented by advances in urban agriculture. Innovations in food production can offer urban communities sustainable alternatives to food access that simultaneously address local food security and green infrastructure needs. They also bring persistent sociopolitical barriers into greater focus. The current COVID-19 pandemic and its imposed social isolation exacerbates these barriers, rendering conventional food access solutions inadequate to deliver on their well-intentioned aims. The ability to order groceries and home goods on mobile devices, for example, may seem fortuitous. Yet, it also exposes the deep disadvantages of marginalized populations and the isolating nature of structural racism. Contrary to the market-centered focus of traditional food access policies, such as public-private partnerships, this paper highlights community-centered strategies that help dismantle existing sociopolitical barriers in an age of crisis and help shift the food justice discourse from food access to the broader goal of community empowerment.
15 Carey, J.; Cook, B. 2021. The Milan Urban Food Policy Pact monitoring framework: a practical handbook for implementation. Rome, Italy: FAO. 36p.
Food policies ; Monitoring ; Frameworks ; Urban agriculture ; Towns ; Food systems ; Pilot projects ; Indicators ; Data collection ; Stakeholders ; Agreements ; Gender ; Climate change / Madagascar / Kenya / Ecuador / Antananarivo / Nairobi / Quito
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050728)
(8.87 MB) (8.87 MB)
16 Magidi, J.; van Koppen, Barbara; Nhamo, L.; Mpandeli, S.; Slotow, R.; Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe. 2021. Informing equitable water and food policies through accurate spatial information on irrigated areas in smallholder farming systems. Water, 13(24):3627. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w13243627]
Smallholders ; Farming systems ; Irrigated farming ; Water policies ; Food policies ; Food security ; Water security ; Spatial distribution ; Rainfed farming ; Irrigated land ; Cultivated land ; Catchment areas ; Crop production ; Farmers ; Sustainable development ; Datasets ; Normalized difference vegetation index / South Africa / Usuthu Sub-Catchment / Crocodile Sub-Catchment / Sabie Sub-Catchment / Komati Sub-Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050853)
(5.03 MB) (5.03 MB)
Accurate information on irrigated areas’ spatial distribution and extent are crucial in enhancing agricultural water productivity, water resources management, and formulating strategic policies that enhance water and food security and ecologically sustainable development. However, data are typically limited for smallholder irrigated areas, which is key to achieving social equity and equal distribution of financial resources. This study addressed this gap by delineating disaggregated smallholder and commercial irrigated areas through the random forest algorithm, a non-parametric machine learning classifier. Location within or outside former apartheid “homelands” was taken as a proxy for smallholder, and commercial irrigation. Being in a medium rainfall area, the huge irrigation potential of the Inkomati-Usuthu Water Management Area (UWMA) is already well developed for commercial crop production outside former homelands. However, information about the spatial distribution and extent of irrigated areas within former homelands, which is largely informal, was missing. Therefore, we first classified cultivated lands in 2019 and 2020 as a baseline, from where the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to distinguish irrigated from rainfed, focusing on the dry winter period when crops are predominately irrigated. The mapping accuracy of 84.9% improved the efficacy in defining the actual spatial extent of current irrigated areas at both smallholder and commercial spatial scales. The proportion of irrigated areas was high for both commercial (92.5%) and smallholder (96.2%) irrigation. Moreover, smallholder irrigation increased by over 19% between 2019 and 2020, compared to slightly over 7% in the commercial sector. Such information is critical for policy formulation regarding equitable and inclusive water allocation, irrigation expansion, land reform, and food and water security in smallholder farming systems.
17 Bednar-Friedl, B.; Knittel, N.; Raich, J.; Adams, K. M. 2022. Adaptation to transboundary climate risks in trade: investigating actors and strategies for an emerging challenge. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 22p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.758]
Climate change adaptation ; Risk management ; International trade ; Strategies ; Trade policies ; Agriculture ; Vulnerability ; Resilience ; Awareness ; Food policies ; Government ; Infrastructure ; Research ; Industry
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050942)
https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/wcc.758
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050942.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050942.pdf
(3.51 MB) (3.51 MB)
There is growing recognition that international trade can transmit climate risks across borders, requiring new forms of and approaches to adaptation. This advanced review synthesizes knowledge on how, by whom and where adaptation actions can be taken in the agriculture and industrial sectors to reduce these transboundary climate risks (TCRs). We find a material difference in the literature on TCRs in agriculture as compared with industrial sectors. Operational and market risks, in particular reductions in food availability, dominate in agriculture, while supply chain and trade-related risks are highlighted for industry. While the origin of the risk (source) is the primary target of adaptation to agricultural TCRs, the general governance structure, such as UNFCCC and WTO deliberations, are important targets in both sectors. Adaptation at the country of destination and along the trade network is of minor importance in both sectors. Regarding the type of adaptation option, agriculture heavily relies on trade policy, agricultural adaptation, and adaptation planning and coordination, while in industry knowledge creation, research and development, and risk management are seen as essential. Governments and the international community are identified as key actors, complemented by businesses and research as critical players in industry. Some measures, such as protectionist trade policies and irrigation, are controversial as they shift risks across countries and sectors, rather than reduce them. While more research is needed, this review shows that a critical mass of evidence on adaptation to TCRs is beginning to emerge, particularly underscoring the importance of international coordination mechanisms.
18 Kushitor, S. B.; Drimie, S.; Davids, R.; Delport, C.; Hawkes, C.; Mabhaudhi, T.; Ngidi, M.; Slotow, R.; Pereira, L. M. 2022. The complex challenge of governing food systems: the case of South African food policy. Food Security, 14p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-022-01258-z]
Food systems ; Food policies ; Governance ; Food security ; Nutrition security ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Monitoring and evaluation ; Coordination ; Stakeholders ; Government departments ; Environmental factors ; Social protection ; Health ; Land reform ; Education ; Economic development ; Rural development ; Agricultural production / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050973)
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12571-022-01258-z.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050973.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050973.pdf
(1.50 MB) (1.50 MB)
International experience reveals that food policy development often occurs in silos and offers few tangible mechanisms to address the interlinked, systemic issues underpinning food and nutrition insecurity. This paper investigated what South African government policies cover in terms of different aspects of the food system, who is responsible for them, and how coordinated they are. Policy objectives were categorized into seven policy domains relevant to food systems: agriculture, environment, social protection, health, land, education, economic development, and rural development. Of the ninety-one policies reviewed from 1947–2017, six were identified as being "overarching" with goals across all the domains. About half of the policies focused on agriculture and the environment, reflecting an emphasis on agricultural production. Policies were formulated and implemented in silos. As a result, learning from implementation, and adjusting to improve impact has been limited. Particularly important is that coordination during implementation, across these complex domains, has been partial. In order to achieve its stated food and nutrition outcomes, including Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2, South Africa needs to translate its policies into tangible, practical plans and processes guided by effective coordination and alignment. Key recommendations are practically to align policies to a higher-level "food goal", establish better coordination mechanisms, consolidate an effective monitoring and evaluation approach to address data gaps and encourage learning for adaptive implementation. Actively engaging the existing commitments to the SDGs would draw stated international commitments together to meet the constitutional commitment to food rights into an overarching food and nutrition security law.
19 Queenan, K.; Cuevas, S.; Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe; Chimonyo, M.; Shankar, B.; Slotow, R.; Hasler, B. 2022. A food systems approach and qualitative system dynamics model to reveal policy issues within the commercial broiler chicken system in South Africa. PLoS ONE, 17(6):e0270756. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270756]
Food systems ; Poultry ; Broiler chickens ; Commercial farming ; Food policies ; Models ; Human health ; Nutrition ; Environmental sustainability ; Livestock production ; Distribution systems ; Food consumption ; Markets ; Value chains ; Affordability ; Food safety ; Food-borne diseases ; Feeds ; Stakeholders ; Imports ; Food security / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051296)
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0270756&type=printable
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051296.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051296.pdf
(2.14 MB) (2.14 MB)
Global broiler production and consumption levels continue to rise. South Africa’s broiler system is dominated by commercial production and formal retail trade, with competition from cheap imports. Local broiler policies have narrow, production-driven, short-term aims for industry growth and national food security. However, these have unintended consequences that undermine the system’s future sustainability. Using a food systems approach, this study developed a qualitative system dynamics model of the South African commercial broiler system and used it to engage stakeholders in policy discussions within the boundaries of health, nutrition, and environmental sustainability. A problem statement and key system elements were drawn from a previously published qualitative study and were validated by 15 stakeholders via an online questionnaire. From this, a seed model was developed, expanded into a larger model, and shared in a modular format with stakeholders in virtual meetings, on an individual or institutional basis, for feedback and validation, and for discussion of areas for policy consideration. Refinements were incorporated into the modules, policy considerations were summarised, and crosscutting issues were identified. The model demonstrated the system’s complexity, interlinkages, feedbacks, reinforcing and balancing loops, and behaviour archetypes. The modular presentation format created a suitable platform for stakeholder engagement. Current policies focus on local commercial production, formal markets, and affordability without cognisance of the broader system represented by the model. Inequality pervades throughout the system. Commercial producers, linked to large supermarkets and fast-food chains, dominate the system, presenting barriers to entry. Affordability is unintentionally traded off against non-communicable disease risks through brining of most frozen products, and ultra-processing of fast-food items. Foodborne disease control is critical, given the proportion of vulnerable individuals, and greater coherence of food safety policy is urgently needed. The environmental footprint of broilers, whilst less than that of ruminants, deserves closer scrutiny based on its dependence on intensive cereal production for feed. This study’s food systems approach provides a system-wide perspective and a foundation for policymakers to develop more integrated and transformative policies.
20 Laichena, J.; Kiptoo, E.; Nkanyani, S.; Mwamakamba, S.; Jacobs-Mata, Inga; Ires, Idil. 2022. Kenya agricultural policy profile. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Initiative on Diversification in East and Southern Africa. 11p.
Agricultural policies ; Agricultural production ; Diversification ; Food security ; Food policies ; Climate change adaptation ; Climate change mitigation ; Economic aspects ; Indicators ; Strategies ; Farmers / Kenya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051680)
(471 KB)
This paper aims to provide an overview of Kenyan policies related to agriculture and climate change adaptation and mitigation in preparation for the Kenya National Policy Dialogue on 12 November 2022 in Nairobi, Kenya. The Dialogue is a joint programme with CGIAR Initiative on Diversification of East and Southern Africa led by International Water Management Institute (IWMI) Southern Africa, the Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Policy Analysis Network (FANRPAN) South Africa, and the Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis (KIPPRA) Kenya. The paper provides an overview of the economic and administrative profile of the country and general overview of the country’s economic status and agricultural and climate change policies that will be critically debated during the Dialogue.
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
