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1 Patel, Praharsh M.; Saha, D.; Shah, Tushaar. 2020. Sustainability of groundwater through community-driven distributed recharge: an analysis of arguments for water scarce regions of semi-arid India. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 29:100680. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2020.100680]
Groundwater recharge ; Aquifers ; Community involvement ; Sustainability ; Semiarid zones ; Impact assessment ; Groundwater table ; Groundwater extraction ; Water policy ; Water scarcity ; Irrigation ; Monsoon climate ; Rain / India / Gujarat / Maharashtra / Saurashtra / Marathawada / Vidarbha / Sardar Sarovar Project
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049712)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581819302290/pdfft?md5=54ec1a9e7ec8a15a46c5464404b46f4a&pid=1-s2.0-S2214581819302290-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049712.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049712.pdf
(6.80 MB) (6.80 MB)
Study Region: Semi-Arid Regions of Marathawada, Vidarbha and Saurashtra in India
Study Focus: To understand and evaluate the impact of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) efforts.
New Hydrological Insights for the Region: Since 1990, the Saurashtra region of Gujarat, India witnessed a massive community-based distributed groundwater recharge movement, initially catalyzed by NGOs and later supported by the government. The region has witnessed visible improvement in groundwater resources during recent years, which was attributed by some researchers to the recharge movement. A competing hypothesis holds that improvement in groundwater levels in Saurashtra are a result more due to a succession of good rainfall years during 2001–2014, aided by transfer of surface water from a big dam on Narmada River, rather than the distributed recharge movement. We develop and implement a 2-way test of these competing hypotheses: First, we compare groundwater recharge patterns in Saurashtra during a recent period of high rainfall years with a similar period before the onset of the recharge movement; second, for both these high rainfall periods, we also compare groundwater recharge patterns in two other comparable aquifer and terrain regions, viz., Vidarbha and Marathawada in Maharastra, which did not experience recharge movement on the same scale as Saurashtra did. Our results support the hypothesis that the community supported distributed recharge movement is the key to improved groundwater recharge in Saurashtra during 2004-09.
Study Focus: To understand and evaluate the impact of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) efforts.
New Hydrological Insights for the Region: Since 1990, the Saurashtra region of Gujarat, India witnessed a massive community-based distributed groundwater recharge movement, initially catalyzed by NGOs and later supported by the government. The region has witnessed visible improvement in groundwater resources during recent years, which was attributed by some researchers to the recharge movement. A competing hypothesis holds that improvement in groundwater levels in Saurashtra are a result more due to a succession of good rainfall years during 2001–2014, aided by transfer of surface water from a big dam on Narmada River, rather than the distributed recharge movement. We develop and implement a 2-way test of these competing hypotheses: First, we compare groundwater recharge patterns in Saurashtra during a recent period of high rainfall years with a similar period before the onset of the recharge movement; second, for both these high rainfall periods, we also compare groundwater recharge patterns in two other comparable aquifer and terrain regions, viz., Vidarbha and Marathawada in Maharastra, which did not experience recharge movement on the same scale as Saurashtra did. Our results support the hypothesis that the community supported distributed recharge movement is the key to improved groundwater recharge in Saurashtra during 2004-09.
2 Patel, Praharsh M.; Saha, D. 2022. Groundwater: a juggernaut of socio-economic development and stability in the arid region of Kachchh. In Re, V.; Manzione, R. L.; Abiye, T. A.; Mukherji, Aditi; MacDonald, A. (Eds.). Groundwater for sustainable livelihoods and equitable growth. Leiden, Netherlands: CRC Press - Balkema. pp.231-252. (IAH - International Contributions to Hydrogeology 30) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003024101-13]
Groundwater depletion ; Socioeconomic development ; Water resources ; Arid zones ; Agricultural sector ; Irrigation ; Minerals ; Drought ; Villages / India / Kachchh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H051158)
(1.03 MB)
Kachchh, the westernmost district of India is historically known for its unique landscape, distinct traditions and arid climate. For a long time, the arid region of Kachchh had limited economic growth and limited habitation due to water scarcity caused by erratic rainfall. In 2001, the seismically active region of Kachchh experienced a large earthquake measuring 7.7 Mw but, the region has shown considerable development post-disaster. Growth strategies for agriculture, manufacturing and tourism implemented by the government and supported by industries and other agencies have not only made the region a dynamic economic hub in the state of Gujarat, but also has highlighted the long-neglected region on the world map. Due to the lack of perennial surface water availability and limited rainfall, the development has been fuelled by exploiting the groundwater resources to a great extent. The objective of this chapter is to highlight groundwater use in Kachchh, known as one of the most arid regions of India with low rainfall and high variability. Groundwater is playing a vital role in meeting the demand for all societal usage, irrigation, domestic requirements and industries. The authors highlight how the region is blessed with a suitable geological formation, forming a potential freshwater aquifer system which has served society for centuries even with a grossly adequate recharge. They highlight the importance of looking into the sustainable use of groundwater, a priceless natural resource of the region.
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