Your search found 5 records
1 Anderson, K.. 1988. Popular theater through video in Costa Rica: An idea for non-formal appraisal. London, England: IIED. Sustainable Agriculture Programme. pp.13-15. (RRA notes no.4)
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 1746 Record No: H07473)
2 Anderson, K.. 1994. Why should Australia spend more on international agricultural research and development? In Lawrence, J. (Ed.), A profit in our own country: Record of a seminar conducted by the Crawford Fund for International Agricultural Research, Parliament House, Canberra, May 17 1994. Canberra, Australia: ACIAR. pp.69-83.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 630.72 G922 LAW Record No: H015524)
3 Anderson, K.; Hayami, Y. 1986. The political economy of agricultural protection: East Asia in international perspective. Sydney, Australia: Allen and Unwin. xi, 185p.
Agricultural economics ; Agricultural policy ; Political aspects ; Economic growth ; Rice / East Asia / Japan / Korea Republic
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 338.1 G570 AND Record No: H017533)
4 Anderson, K.. 2005. Setting the trade policy agenda: What roles for economists? Journal of World Trade, 39(2):341-381.
Trade policy ; Economic aspects ; Agriculture ; Environmental effects ; Developing countries ; Labor
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 7298 Record No: H036722)
5 Wilkinson, R.; Mleczko, M. M.; Brewin, R. J. W.; Gaston, K. J.; Mueller, M.; Shutler, J. D.; Yan, X.; Anderson, K.. 2024. Environmental impacts of earth observation data in the constellation and cloud computing era. Science of The Total Environment, 909:168584. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168584]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052382)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969723072121/pdfft?md5=1d91787dcc10d76821d2ba12ec331dd4&pid=1-s2.0-S0048969723072121-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052382.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052382.pdf
(1.76 MB) (1.76 MB)
Numbers of Earth Observation (EO) satellites have increased exponentially over the past decade reaching the current population of 1193 (January 2023). Consequently, EO data volumes have mushroomed and data storage and processing have migrated to the cloud. Whilst attention has been given to the launch and in-orbit environmental impacts of satellites, EO data environmental footprints have been overlooked. These issues require urgent attention given data centre water and energy consumption, high carbon emissions for computer component manufacture, and difficulty of recycling computer components. Doing so is essential if the environmental good of EO is to withstand scrutiny. We provide the first assessment of the EO data life-cycle and estimate that the current size of the global EO data collection is ~807 PB, increasing by ~100 PB/year. Storage of this data volume generates annual CO2 equivalent emissions of 4101 t. Major state-funded EO providers use 57 of their own data centres globally, and a further 178 private cloud services, with considerable duplication of datasets across repositories. We explore scenarios for the environmental cost of performing EO functions on the cloud compared to desktop machines. A simple band arithmetic function applied to a Landsat 9 scene using Google Earth Engine (GEE) generated CO2 equivalent (e) emissions of 0.042–0.69 g CO2e (locally) and 0.13–0.45 g CO2e (European data centre; values multiply by nine for Australian data centre). Computation-based emissions scale rapidly for more intense processes and when testing code. When using cloud services such as GEE, users have no choice about the data centre used and we push for EO providers to be more transparent about the location-specific impacts of EO work, and to provide tools for measuring the environmental cost of cloud computation. The EO community as a whole needs to critically consider the broad suite of EO data life-cycle impacts.
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