Your search found 25 records
1 Kiptala, J. K.; Mohamed, Y.; Mul, Marloes L.; Cheema, M. J. M.; Van der Zaag, P. 2013. Land use and land cover classification using phenological variability from MODIS vegetation in the Upper Pangani River Basin, eastern Africa. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 66:112-122. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2013.08.002]
Land use ; Land cover ; Mapping ; Land classification ; Land suitability ; Phenology ; Vegetation ; River basins ; Water resources ; International waters ; Rain ; Remote sensing ; Irrigated farming ; Rainfed farming ; Calibration / Eastern Africa / Tanzania / Kenya / Upper Pangani River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046232)
(3.30 MB)
In arid and semi-arid areas, evaporation fluxes are the largest component of the hydrological cycle, with runoff coefficient rarely exceeding 10%. These fluxes are a function of land use and land management and as such an essential component for integrated water resources management. Spatially distributed land use and land cover (LULC) maps distinguishing not only natural land cover but also management practices such as irrigation are therefore essential for comprehensive water management analysis in a river basin. Through remote sensing, LULC can be classified using its unique phenological variability observed over time. For this purpose, sixteen LULC types have been classified in the Upper Pangani River Basin (the headwaters of the Pangani River Basin in Tanzania) using MODIS vegetation satellite data. Ninety-four images based on 8 day temporal and 250 m spatial resolutions were analyzed for the hydrological years 2009 and 2010. Unsupervised and supervised clustering techniques were utilized to identify various LULC types with aid of ground information on crop calendar and the land features of the river basin. Ground truthing data were obtained during two rainfall seasons to assess the classification accuracy. The results showed an overall classification accuracy of 85%, with the producer’s accuracy of 83% and user’s accuracy of 86% for confidence level of 98% in the analysis. The overall Kappa coefficient of 0.85 also showed good agreement between the LULC and the ground data. The land suitability classification based on FAO-SYS framework for the various LULC types were also consistent with the derived classification results. The existing local database on total smallholder irrigation development and sugarcane cultivation (large scale irrigation) showed a 74% and 95% variation respectively to the LULC classification and showed fairly good geographical distribution. The LULC information provides an essential boundary condition for establishing the water use and management of green and blue water resources in the water stress Pangani River Basin.
2 Kiptala, J. K.; Mohamed, Y.; Mul, Marloes L.; Van der Zaag, P. 2013. Mapping evapotranspiration trends using MODIS and SEBAL model in a data scarce and heterogeneous landscape in eastern Africa. Water Resources Research, 49(12):8495-8510. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014240, 2013]
Mapping ; Evapotranspiration ; Evaporation ; Models ; Algorithms ; Data ; Semiarid climate ; Landscape ; Water use ; Water balance ; Water accounting ; River basins ; Land use ; Land cover ; Reservoirs ; Precipitation / Eastern Africa / Upper Pangani River Basin / Nyumba ya Mungu reservoir
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046302)
[1] Evapotranspiration (ET) accounts for a substantial amount of the water use in river basins particular in the tropics and arid regions. However, accurate estimation still remains a challenge especially in large spatially heterogeneous and data scarce areas including the Upper Pangani River Basin in Eastern Africa. Using multitemporal Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Surface Energy Balance Algorithm of Land (SEBAL) model, 138 images were analyzed at 250 m, 8 day scales to estimate actual ET for 16 land use types for the period 2008–2010. A good agreement was attained for the SEBAL results from various validations. For open water evaporation, the estimated ET for Nyumba ya Mungu (NyM) reservoir showed a good correlations (R = 0.95; R2 = 0.91; Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Means Square Error (RMSE) of less than 5%) to pan evaporation using an optimized pan coefficient of 0.81. An absolute relative error of 2% was also achieved from the mean annual water balance estimates of the reservoir. The estimated ET for various agricultural land uses indicated a consistent pattern with the seasonal variability of the crop coefficient (Kc) based on Penman-Monteith equation. In addition, ET estimates for the mountainous areas has been significantly suppressed at the higher elevations (above 2300 m a.s.l.), which is consistent with the decrease in potential evaporation. The calculated surface outflow (Qs) through a water balance analysis resulted in a bias of 12% to the observed discharge at the outlet of the river basin. The bias was within 13% uncertainty range at 95% confidence interval for Qs. SEBAL ET estimates were also compared with global ET from MODIS 16 algorithm (R = 0.74; R2 = 0.32; RMSE of 34% and MAE of 28%) and comparatively significant in variance at 95% confidence level. The interseasonal and intraseasonal ET fluxes derived have shown the level of water use for various land use types under different climate conditions. The evaporative water use in the river basin accounted for 94% to the annual precipitation for the period of study. The results have a potential for use in hydrological analysis and water accounting.
3 Douven, W.; Mul, Marloes L.; Son, L.; Bakker, N.; Radosevich, G.; Hendriks, A. 2014. Games to create awareness and design policies for transboundary cooperation in river basins: lessons from the Shariva Game of the Mekong River Commission. Water Resources Management, 28(5):1431-1447. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-014-0562-x]
River basins ; International waters ; Conflict ; Environmental effects ; International cooperation ; Stakeholders ; Technical aid ; Teaching methods ; Policy / South East Asia / Myanmar / Lao People's Democratic Republic / Thailand / Cambodia / Vietnam / Mekong River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046357)
(1.18 MB)
International river basins cover a vast majority of the land surface, international cooperation is therefore important for the proper management, and to assure equitable and effective use in the basins. Key elements to improve international cooperation are common understanding of the issues in the basin, understanding upstream-downstream impacts and sharing a common vision for the future. This article focuses on the role of games in international basin cooperation to create awareness and to support policy development. The paper analysed the effects of the game in creating awareness and upgrading knowledge amongst water and related professionals and in designing procedures for cooperation in transboundary river basins. This was analysed during the implementation of the game with 28 participants from the four Lower Mekong countries. The impact on creating awareness and upgrading knowledge was evaluated through the use of questionnaires and pre- and post evaluation questions and for the design of policies, a SWOT analysis was used to evaluate the usefulness of the policies and frameworks as well as to identify possible improvements to the framework. The game implementation proved to be an appropriate tool to provide a practical way for stakeholders to become acquainted with the administrative and technical tools available in the Lower Mekong Basin. Pre- and post test shows that participants gained substantial knowledge on transboundary cooperation and use of tools. The game was part of a longer training programme addressing all the issues, however, the participants gained additional knowledge and insight by playing the game, well above what they had learned during the earlier training workshops. Playing the game proved an important aspect in training and education of such complex systems. The study also shows the role games can play in policy analysis, in particular the way the game provided insight in the design of the policy and the development of procedures, and their function to review and update policies and procedures. A number of recommendations have been made to strengthen the role in both training and education as well as in design of procedures.
4 Kiptala, J. K.; Mul, Marloes L.; Mohamed, Y.; van der Zaag, P. 2014. Modelling stream flow and quantifying blue water using a modified STREAM model for a heterogeneous, highly utilized and data-scarce river basin in Africa. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 18:2287-2303. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2287-2014]
River basins ; Flow discharge ; Hydrology ; Models ; Water management ; Water resources ; Irrigation water ; Water use ; Remote sensing ; Evaporation ; Evapotranspiration ; Land use ; Soil moisture / Africa / Tanzania / Pangani River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046490)
http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/18/2287/2014/hess-18-2287-2014.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046490.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046490.pdf
(1.06 MB) (1.26 MB)
Integrated water resources management is a combination of managing blue and green water resources. Often the main focus is on the blue water resources, as information on spatially distributed evaporative water use is not as readily available as the link to river flows. Physically based, spatially distributed models are often used to generate this kind of information. These models require enormous amounts of data, which can result in equifinality, making them less suitable for scenario analyses. Furthermore, hydrological models often focus on natural processes and fail to account for anthropogenic influences. This study presents a spatially distributed hydrological model that has been developed for a heterogeneous, highly utilized and data-scarce river basin in eastern Africa. Using an innovative approach, remote-sensingderived evapotranspiration and soil moisture variables for 3 years were incorporated as input data into the Spatial Tools for River basin Environmental Analysis and Management (STREAM) model. To cater for the extensive irrigation water application, an additional blue water component (Qb) was incorporated in the STREAM model to quantify irrigation water use. To enhance model parameter identification and calibration, three hydrological landscapes (wetlands, hillslope and snowmelt) were identified using field data. The model was calibrated against discharge data from five gauging stations and showed good performance, especially in the simulation of low flows, where the Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency of the natural logarithm (Ens_ln) of discharge were greater than 0.6 in both calibration and validation periods. At the outlet, the Ens_ln coefficient was even higher (0.90). During low flows, Qb consumed nearly 50% of the river flow in the basin. The Qb model result for irrigation was comparable to the field-based net irrigation estimates, with less than 20% difference. These results show the great potential of developing spatially distributed models that can account for supplementary water use. Such information is important for water resources planning and management in heavily utilized catchment areas. Model flexibility offers the opportunity for continuous model improvement when more data become available.
5 Yalew, S.; Pilz, T.; Schweitzer, C.; Liersch, S.; van der Kwast, J.; Mul, Marloes L.; van Griensven, A.; van der Zaag, P. 2014. Dynamic feedback between land-use and hydrology for ecosystem services assessment. In Ames, D.P., Quinn, N.W.T., Rizzoli, A.E. (Eds.). Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software, San Diego, California, USA, 15-19 June 2014. Manno, Switzerland: International Environmental Modelling and Software Society (iEMSs). 8p.
Hydrology ; Ecosystem services ; Land use ; Catchment areas ; Grasslands ; Biomass ; Soils ; Case studies / South Africa / uThukela Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046491)
http://www.iemss.org/sites/iemss2014/papers/iemss2014_submission_255.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046491.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046491.pdf
(0.48 MB) (495.82 KB)
Ecosystem services assessment requires an integrated approach, as it is influenced by elements such as climate, hydrology and socio-economics, which in turn influence each other. However, there are few studies that integrate these elements in order to assess ecosystem services. Absence of integrated approach to modelling hydrological and land-use changes, for instance, often oversights the dynamic feedback between the two processes. Dynamic changes in land-use should be fed into hydrological models and vice-versa at each time-step for a more realistic representation. In this study, this approach is demonstrated with a case study of the uThukela catchment, South Africa. There is an increasing pressure on grasslands in the catchment. The grassland supports livestock grazing, one of the main economic and social service for the communal farmers. High livestock population causes degradation of the grasslands, and increasing demand for agricultural lands decreases the extent of the grazing lands. In addition, this is further influenced by changes in climate, and has multiple impacts, such as increased erosion and changing flow regime. The SITE (SImulation of Terrestrial Environments) land-use change model and the SWIM (Soil and Water Integrated Model) hydrological model were coupled at code level to account for these processes. The two models exchange land-use maps (from SITE) and biomass production (from SWIM). SWIM was modified to produce biomass output. Grassland capacity for grazing service is determined through biomass coming from SWIM. Likewise, the simulated land-use change is passed back to the hydrological model to determine effects of land-use change on hydrological components. Preliminary result of the interactions between the two models and its use for estimating grazing capacity show that through the coupled models, sustainable level of grassland grazing locations were easily identifiable.
6 Baker, Tracy; McCartney, Matthew P.; Mul, Marloes L.. 2014. Concept note on ecosystem services mapping and linkages to models. Project report submitted to IUCN under the project "Water Infrastructure Solutions from Ecosystem Services Underpinning Climate Resilient Policies and Programmes (WISE-UP to Climate)" Gland, Switzerland: International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). 4p.
Ecosystem services ; Mapping ; Models ; Climate change ; River basins / Kenya / Ghana / Tana River Basin / Volta River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046676)
(0.38 MB)
7 Mul, Marloes L.; McCartney, Matthew P.; Baker, Tracy. 2014. Concept note on instrumented catchments in the Tana and Volta river basin. Project report submitted to IUCN under the project "Water Infrastructure Solutions from Ecosystem Services Underpinning Climate Resilient Policies and Programmes (WISE-UP to Climate)" Gland, Switzerland: International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) 4p.
Catchment areas ; River basins ; Climate change ; Ecosystems / Kenya / Ghana / Tana River Basin / Volta River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046677)
(0.29 MB)
8 Mul, Marloes L.; Williams, Timothy O.; Cofie, Olufunke. 2015. Overview of the scientific, political and financial landscapes of Climate-Smart Agriculture in West Africa: sector of water resources. In Zougmore, R.; Sy Traore, A.; Mbodj, Y. (Eds.). Overview of the scientific, political and financial landscape of climate-smart agriculture in West Africa. Copenhagen, Denmark: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). pp.47-59. (Also in French) (CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) Working Paper 118)
Climate change ; Adaptation ; Agriculture ; Landscape ; Water resources ; Water storage ; Groundwater recharge ; Political aspects ; Financing ; Rain ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Investment ; Environmental sustainability ; Corporate culture / West Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047077)
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/67103/CCAFS_WP118_English_web.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047077.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047077.pdf
(2.02 MB)
9 Mul, Marloes L.; Williams, Timothy O.; Cofie, Olufunke. 2015. Paysage scientifique, politique et financier de l’Agriculture Intelligente face au Climat (AIC) en Afrique de l’Ouest : le secteur des ressources en eau. In French. [Overview of the scientific, political and financial landscapes of Climate-Smart Agriculture in West Africa: sector of water resources]. In Zougmore, R.; Sy Traore, A.; Mbodj, Y. (Eds.). Paysage scientifique, politique et financier de l’Agriculture Intelligente face au Climat en Afrique de l’Ouest. Copenhagen, Denmark: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) pp.47-59. (Also in English) (CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) Working Paper 118)
Climate change ; Adaptation ; Agriculture ; Landscape ; Water resources ; Water storage ; Groundwater recharge ; Political aspects ; Financing ; Rain ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Investment ; Environmental sustainability ; Corporate culture / West Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047078)
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/67104/CCAFS_WP118_Fran%C3%A7ais_web.pdf?sequence=1
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047078.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047078.pdf
(2.02 MB)
10 Makurira, H.; Mapani, B.; Mazvimavi, D.; Mul, Marloes L.; Magole, L.; Wepener, V. 2014. Transboundary water cooperation building partnerships (Part 2) Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 76-78:1-2. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2015.05.006]
International waters ; Cooperation ; Hydrology ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water supply ; Sanitation ; Land management
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047079)
11 Yalew, S. G.; van Griensven, A.; Mul, Marloes L.; van der Zaag, P. 2016. Land suitability analysis for agriculture in the Abbay basin using remote sensing, GIS and AHP techniques. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2:1-14. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-016-0167-x]
Land suitability ; Farmland ; Remote sensing ; Geographical Information Systems ; River basins ; Land cover ; Land degradation ; Intensification ; Extensification ; Erosion ; Catchment areas ; Agricultural production ; Soil properties ; Soil water / Ethiopia / Blue Nile River Basin / Abbay River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047628)
http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs40808-016-0167-x.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047628.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047628.pdf
To meet growing population demands for food and other agricultural commodities, agricultural land-use intensification and extensification seems to be increasing in the Abbay (Upper Blue Nile) basin in Ethiopia. However, the amount, location and degree of suitability of the basin for agriculture seem not well studied and/or documented. From global data sources, literature review and field investigation, a number of agricultural land suitability evaluation criteria were identified. These criteria were preprocessed as raster layers on a GIS platform and weights of criteria raster layers in determining suitability were computed using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). A weighted overlay analysis method was used to compute categories of highly suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable and unsuitable lands for agriculture in the basin. It was found out that 53.8 % of the basin’s land coverage was highly suitable for agriculture and 23.2 % was moderately suitable. The marginally suitable and the unsuitable lands were at 11 and 12 % respectively. From the analysis, regions of the basin with high suitability as well as those with higher susceptibility for land degradation and soil erosion were identified.
12 Yalew, S. G.; Mul, Marloes L.; van Griensven, A.; Teferi, E.; Priess, J.; Schweitzer, C.; van Der Zaag, P. 2016. Land-use change modelling in the Upper Blue Nile Basin. Environments, 3(3):1-16. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/environments3030021]
Land use ; Land cover change ; Environmental modelling ; Environmental factors ; River basins ; Catchment areas ; Socioeconomic environment ; Plantations ; Forest management ; Erosion ; Vegetation ; Grasslands / Ethiopia / Upper Blue Nile Basin / Abbay Basin / Jedeb Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047679)
(1.24 MB)
Land-use and land-cover changes are driving unprecedented changes in ecosystems and environmental processes at different scales. This study was aimed at identifying the potential land-use drivers in the Jedeb catchment of the Abbay basin by combining statistical analysis, field investigation and remote sensing. To do so, a land-use change model was calibrated and evaluated using the SITE (SImulation of Terrestrial Environment) modelling framework. SITE is cellular automata based multi-criteria decision analysis framework for simulating land-use conversion based on socio-economic and environmental factors. Past land-use trajectories (1986–2009) were evaluated using a reference Landsat-derived map (agreement of 84%). Results show that major land-use change drivers in the study area were population, slope, livestock and distances from various infrastructures (roads, markets and water). It was also found that farmers seem to increasingly prefer plantations of trees such as Eucalyptus by replacing croplands perhaps mainly due to declining crop yield, soil fertility and climate variability. Potential future trajectory of land-use change was also predicted under a business-as-usual scenario (2009–2025). Results show that agricultural land will continue to expand from 69.5% in 2009 to 77.5% in 2025 in the catchment albeit at a declining rate when compared with the period from 1986 to 2009. Plantation forest will also increase at a much higher rate, mainly at the expense of natural vegetation, agricultural land and grasslands. This study provides critical information to land-use planners and policy makers for a more effective and proactive management in this highland catchment.
13 Williams, Timothy O.; Mul, Marloes L.; Biney, C. A.; Smakhtin, Vladimir. 2016. Introduction. In Williams, Timothy O.; Mul, Marloes L.; Biney, C. A.; Smakhtin, Vladimir (Eds.). The Volta River Basin: water for food, economic growth and environment. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.3-9.
River basin management ; Riparian zones ; Energy generation ; Water power ; Water resources ; Groundwater ; Gender ; Sustainable agriculture ; Crops ; Food security ; Poverty ; Economic growth / West Africa / Benin / Burkina Faso / Ivory Coast / Ghana / Mali / Togo / Volta River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047721)
14 Mul, Marloes L.; Kasei, R. A.; McCartney, Matthew. 2016. Surface water resources of the Volta Basin. In Williams, Timothy O.; Mul, Marloes L.; Biney, C. A.; Smakhtin, Vladimir (Eds.). The Volta River Basin: water for food, economic growth and environment. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.31-45.
Surface water ; Water availability ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water scarcity ; Water allocation ; Water use ; Water power ; Energy generation ; River basin management ; Dams ; Climatic zones ; Infrastructure ; Riparian zones ; Equity / West Africa / Benin / Burkina Faso / Ivory Coast / Ghana / Mali / Togo / Volta River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047723)
15 Kasei, R. A.; Amisigo, B.; Mul, Marloes L.. 2016. Managing floods and droughts. In Williams, Timothy O.; Mul, Marloes L.; Biney, C. A.; Smakhtin, Vladimir (Eds.). The Volta River Basin: water for food, economic growth and environment. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.76-91.
Natural disasters ; Flooding ; Drought ; Rain ; Risk reduction ; Risk management ; River basins ; Resilience ; Water storage ; Groundwater recharge ; Land use ; Deforestation ; Urban development / West Africa / Benin / Burkina Faso / Ivory Coast / Ghana / Mali / Togo / Volta River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047726)
16 Mul, Marloes L.; Gao, Y. 2016. Environmental flow requirements in the Volta Basin. In Williams, Timothy O.; Mul, Marloes L.; Biney, C. A.; Smakhtin, Vladimir (Eds.). The Volta River Basin: water for food, economic growth and environment. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.199-213.
Environmental flows ; River basins ; Ecosystem services ; Riparian zones ; Flooding ; Water supply ; Water resources ; Freshwater ; Poverty ; Dams ; Flow discharge ; Saline water ; Case studies / West Africa / Benin / Burkina Faso / Ivory Coast / Ghana / Mali / Togo / Volta River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047733)
17 Williams, Timothy O.; Mul, Marloes L.; Biney, C. A.; Smakhtin, Vladimir. (Eds.) 2016. The Volta River Basin: water for food, economic growth and environment. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. 281p. (Earthscan Series on Major River Basins of the World)
River basin management ; Economic growth ; Water resources ; Water governance ; Water use ; Water power ; Water quality ; Water balance ; Water scarcity ; Water availability ; Water policy ; Surface water ; Groundwater ; Drinking water ; International waters ; Wastewater treatment ; Domestic consumption ; Industrial uses ; Climate change ; Flood control ; Drought ; Socioeconomic environment ; Poverty ; Living standards ; Food security ; Sustainable agriculture ; Agricultural development ; Crops ; Urban development ; Industrial development ; Ecosystem services ; Environmental flows ; Public health ; Intensification ; Population density ; Economic aspects ; Farmland ; Food composition ; Riparian zones ; Meteorological stations ; Infrastructure ; Gender ; Legislation ; Energy generation ; Dams ; Global warming ; Emission ; Land use ; Land cover change ; Case studies / West Africa / Benin / Burkina Faso / Ivory Coast / Ghana / Mali / Togo / Volta River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047720)
18 Kadyampakeni, Davie M.; Mul, Marloes L.; Obuobie, E.; Appoh, Richard; Owusu, Afua; Ghansah, Benjamin; Boakye-Acheampong, Enoch; Barron, Jennie. 2017. Agro-climatic and hydrological characterization of selected watersheds in northern Ghana. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 40p. (IWMI Working Paper 173) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2017.209]
Watersheds ; Agricultural production ; Intensification ; Agroclimatology ; Hydrology ; Analytical method ; Agronomic practices ; Water balance ; Water quality ; Water management ; Water deficit ; Climatic factors ; pH ; Electrical conductivity ; Soil texture ; Soil quality ; Soil sampling ; Soil fertility ; Land cover mapping ; Land use ; Rain ; Temperature ; Evapotranspiration ; Farmers ; Wet season ; Dry season ; Reservoir storage ; Wells ; Rivers ; Irrigation schemes ; Catchment areas ; Cropping systems ; Crop production ; Meteorological stations ; Cation exchange capacity / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048209)
(1 MB)
This paper provides the climatic and biophysical context of three watersheds in northern Ghana. The objective of the study is to describe the agro-climatic and hydrological features of the watersheds from a landscape perspective. The analyses show that water surplus occurs about 3 months in a year, with only one month providing a significant surplus. Small-scale irrigation is, therefore, carried out in the dry months between November and June. The quality of water used for irrigation from wells, reservoirs and rivers is good for irrigation and domestic purposes. The soil chemical parameters across the study sites show that the soils are suitable for irrigation and crop system intensification, although it requires substantial fertilizer inputs. The paper concludes that there are opportunities from both a soil quality and water availability perspective to enhance sustainable intensification through small- and medium-scale irrigation in the selected watersheds.
19 Owusu, Seth; Mul, Marloes L.; Ghansah, Benjamin; Osei-Owusu, P. K.; Awotwe-Pratt, V.; Kadyampakeni, D. 2017. Assessing land suitability for aquifer storage and recharge in northern Ghana using remote sensing and GIS multi-criteria decision analysis technique. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 3(4):1383-1393. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-017-0360-6]
Land suitability ; Aquifers ; Artificial recharge ; Remote sensing ; GIS ; Decision support systems ; Irrigation ; Rainfed farming ; Agricultural productivity ; Agricultural sector ; Water storage ; Water management ; Socioeconomic environment ; Farmers / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048246)
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs40808-017-0360-6.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048246.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048246.pdf
(9.23 MB)
Increasing climate variability and challenge in access to water pose major impediments to rainfed agricultural productivity. Extensive flooding of agricultural lands during the rainy season and lack of water during the 8-month long dry season affect the livelihood of the people in the northern Ghana, a situation that calls for better water management practices. The use of aquifer storage and recharge (ASR) based technique, helps to reduce flooding and improve access to water during the dry season; however such technology has specific requirements for successful implementation. This study assesses suitable areas for the technology in the northern Ghana terrain using multi criteria decision analysis (MCDA) in ArcGIS environment. The result suggests around 66% (48,516 km2) of the crop area in the northern Ghana available for the technology are within moderate to very high suitable sites, of which 44% (29,490 km2) fall into the high and very high suitable sites. This could imply high potential for the artificial groundwater storage system in northern Ghana given other conditions.
20 Owusu, Seth; Cofie, Olufunke O.; Osei-Owusu, P. K.; Awotwe-Pratt, V.; Mul, Marloes L.. 2017. Adapting aquifer storage and recovery technology to the flood-prone areas of northern Ghana for dry-season irrigation. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 35p. (IWMI Working Paper 176) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2017.214]
Aquifers ; Water storage ; Water acquisitions ; Water use ; Waterlogging ; Water drilling ; Water quality ; Groundwater extraction ; Groundwater irrigation ; Groundwater recharge ; Floodplains ; Dry season ; Artificial recharge ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation methods ; Filtration ; Environmental impact ; Socioeconomic environment ; Land use ; Sloping land ; Soil properties ; Soil types ; Geology ; Hydrological factors ; Hydraulic conductivity ; Food security ; Farmers ; Farmland ; Seasonal cropping ; Crop production ; Local communities ; Costs / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048222)
(763 KB)
The Bhungroo Irrigation Technology (BIT) is a system designed to infiltrate excess ‘standing’ floodwater to be stored underground and abstracted for irrigation during the dry season. The system was developed in India and piloted in three sites in northern Ghana. This paper documents the implementation of BIT, the operating principles and criteria for selecting appropriate sites for the installation of such systems, as well as the potential benefits complementing existing irrigation systems in Ghana. Essential requirements for the installation of BIT include biophysical features such as land-use type, soil type, surface hydrology and slope of the terrain. The hydrogeological characteristics of the subsoil are also vital, and must exhibit high storage capacity and potential for groundwater accessibility. To be profitable and generate benefits for farmers, the technology needs to be situated in close proximity to markets and must have public acceptance.
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