Your search found 20 records
1 Udas, P. B. 2014. Gendered participation in water management in Nepal: discourses, policies and practices in the irrigation and drinking water sectors. [PhD thesis]. Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen University. 281p.
Water management ; Water resources ; Drinking water ; Irrigation water ; Water availability ; Water policy ; Water supply ; Water governance ; Gender mainstreaming ; Women's participation ; Equity ; Irrigation systems ; State intervention ; Government departments ; Corporate culture ; Farmers ; Water user associations ; Land ownership ; Households ; River basins ; Sewerage ; Socioeconomic environment / Nepal / Baruwa River Basin / Asari Drinking Water System / Gaighat Drinking Water System
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: D 333.91 G726 UDA Record No: H046865)
(6.31 MB) (6.31 MB)
2 Mejia, A.; Santos, J. L.; Rivera, D.; Uzcategui, G. E. 2015. Pricing urban water services in the developing world: the case of Guayaquil, Ecuador. In Dinar, A.; Pochat, V.; Albiac-Murillo, J. (Eds.). Water pricing experiences and innovations. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. pp.393-405. (Global Issues in Water Policy Volume 9)
Water rates ; Pricing ; Urban areas ; Water supply ; Financing ; Investment ; Sewerage ; Sanitation / Ecuador / Guayaquil
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H047133)
Guayaquil, the largest city in Ecuador, offers a pragmatic and successful approach to pricing urban water services in the developing world. This chapter discusses the underlying principles and lessons learned to finance operations and investments from tariff revenue and subsidies, under a 30-year concession contract awarded in 2001. It reviews price-adjustment mechanisms to account for inflation and meet investment and service targets. It presents strategies followed to cover financing shortfalls to meet poverty and environmental goals. Finally, it summarizes strategic recommendations for other cities of the world.
3 Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Sonkamble, S.; Jampani, Mahesh; Wajihuddin, Md.; Lakshmanan, E.; Starkl, M.; Sarah, S.; Fahimuddin, Md.; Ahmed, S. 2015. Developing integrated management plans for natural treatment systems in urbanised areas: case studies from Hyderabad and Chennai. In Wintgens. T.; Nattorp, A.; Elango, L.; Asolekar, S. R. (Eds.). Natural water treatment systems for safe and sustainable water supply in the Indian context: Saph Pani, London, UK: IWA Publishing. pp. 251-264.
Integrated management ; Urban areas ; Waste water treatment plants ; Pollution prevention ; Sanitation ; Water supply ; Water quality ; Sewerage ; Waste management ; Drinking water treatment ; Lakes ; Urban wastes ; Wetlands ; Ponds ; Dams ; Stakeholders ; Contamination ; Case studies / India / Hyderabad / Chennai
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047551)
https://zenodo.org/record/61088/files/9781780408392_15.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047551.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047551.pdf
(1.9 MB)
4 Rao, Krishna C.; Kvarnstrom, E.; Di Mario, L.; Drechsel, Pay. 2016. Business models for fecal sludge management. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 80p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 06) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2016.213]
Faecal sludge ; Resource management ; Resource recovery ; Recycling ; Business management ; Models ; Waste disposal ; Desludging ; Dumping ; Sewerage ; Waste treatment ; Waste water treatment plants ; Solid wastes ; Pollution ; Composts ; Public health ; Sanitation ; Latrines ; Defaecation ; Stakeholders ; Finance ; Cost recovery ; Energy recovery ; Biogas ; Organic fertilizers ; Private enterprises ; Institutions ; Partnerships ; Licences ; Regulations ; Transport ; Septic tanks ; Nutrients ; Taxes ; Farmers ; Urban areas ; Landscape ; Household ; Incentives ; Case studies / Asia / Africa / Latin America / South Africa / Kenya / India / Rwanda / Nepal / Philippines / Lesotho / Bangladesh / Mozambique / Ghana / Senegal / Benin / Sierra Leone / Malaysia / Ethiopia / Vietnam / Mali / Sri Lanka / Burkina Faso / Peru / Haiti / Dakar / Nairobi / Maseru / Accra / Tamale / Addis Ababa / Eastern Cape / Maputo / Dhaka / Ho Chi Minh City / Hai Phong / Dumaguete / Mombasa / Kisumu / San Fernando / Bamako / Cotonou / Ouagadougou / Kigali / Bangalore / Dharwad / Balangoda
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047826)
(4.75 MB)
On-site sanitation systems, such as septic tanks and pit latrines, are the predominant feature across rural and urban areas in most developing countries. However, their management is one of the most neglected sanitation challenges. While under the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the set-up of toilet systems received the most attention, business models for the sanitation service chain, including pit desludging, sludge transport, treatment and disposal or resource recovery, are only emerging. Based on the analysis of over 40 fecal sludge management (FSM) cases from Asia, Africa and Latin America, this report shows opportunities as well as bottlenecks that FSM is facing from an institutional and entrepreneurial perspective.
5 Mohammed, M.; Egyir, I. S.; Donkor, A. K.; Amoah, Philip; Nyarko, S.; Boateng, K. K.; Ziwu, C. 2017. Feasibility study for biogas integration into waste treatment plants in Ghana. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 26(3):695-703. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2016.10.004]
Feasibility studies ; Biogas ; Integration ; Waste treatment ; Sewerage ; Renewable energy ; Cost benefit analysis ; Economic aspects ; Investment ; Methane emission ; Electricity generation / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047916)
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S1110062116300940/1-s2.0-S1110062116300940-main.pdf?_tid=f5e92158-c823-11e6-984a-00000aacb362&acdnat=1482396925_bdef0d40b3893e4ea6d337f2ccc6815b
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047916.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047916.pdf
(1.57 MB)
Biogas (anaerobic digestion) technology is one of the most viable renewable energy technologies today. However, its economic efficiency depends on the investment costs, costs of operating the biogas plant and optimum methane production. Likewise the profit level also rests on its use directly for cooking or conversion into electricity. The present study assessed the economic potential for a 9000 m3 biogas plant, as an alternative to addressing energy and environmental challenges currently in Ghana. A cost-benefit analysis of the installation of biogas plant at University of Ghana (Legon Sewerage Treatment Plant) yielded positive net present values (NPV) at the prevailing discount rate of 23%. Further the results demonstrate that installation of the plant is capital intensive. Biogas used for cooking was by far the most viable option with a payback period (PBP) of 5 years. Sensitivity analysis also revealed cost of capital, plant and machinery as the most effective factors impacting on NPV and internal rate of return (IRR).
6 Arceivala, S. J.; Asolekar, S. R. 2007. Wastewater treatment for pollution control and reuse. 3rd ed. New Delhi, India: McGraw-Hill Education. 518p.
Wastewater Management ; Waste water treatment plants ; Pollution control ; Ecosystem approaches ; Waste disposal ; Environmental impact assessment ; Urban wastes ; Solid wastes ; Slums ; Sewerage ; Sanitation ; Mechanical methods ; Aerobic treatment ; Bioreactors ; Biological treatment of pollutants ; Sludge treatment ; Anaerobic treatment ; Physicochemical treatment ; Membrane processes ; Aerated lagoons ; Stabilization ponds ; Fish ponds ; Hyacinthus ; Duckweed ; Constructed wetlands ; Vermiculture ; Algal growth ; Oxygen requirement ; Phosphorus removal ; Nitrification ; Denitrification ; Wastewater irrigation ; Irrigation systems ; Soil properties ; Agriculture ; Water reuse ; Industrial uses ; Water conservation ; Groundwater recharge ; Water supply ; Public distribution system ; Resource recovery ; Sustainability ; Planning ; Guidelines / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 628.3 G000 ARC Record No: H047990)
(0.67 MB)
7 Mateo-Sagasta, Javier; Gonzalez, G.; Thebo, A. 2017. Produccion, tratamiento y reutilizacion de aguas residuales municipales en America Latina y el Caribe. In Spanish. [Municipal wastewater production, treatment and reuse in Latin America and the Caribbean]. In Mateo-Sagasta, Javier (Ed.). Reutilizacion de aguas para agricultura en America Latina y el Caribe: estado, principios y necesidades. Santiago, Chile: FAO. pp.9-20.
Wastewater treatment ; Water reuse ; Urban wastes ; Wastewater irrigation ; Agriculture ; Urban areas ; Sewerage ; Chemical compounds ; Sanitation / Latin America / Caribbean
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048423)
(0.81 MB) (8.55 MB)
8 Shaheen, F. A. 2017. Wastewater irrigation in Jammu and Kashmir: an exploration. IWMI-Tata Water Policy Research Highlight, 6. 8p.
Wastewater irrigation ; Water resources ; Water quality ; Urbanization ; Sewerage ; Irrigation canals ; Farmers ; Health hazards ; Public health ; Risk assessment / India / Jammu / Kashmir
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048516)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/iwmi-tata/PDFs/iwmi-tata_water_policy_research_highlight-issue_06_2017.pdf
(346 KB)
9 Drechsel, Pay; Hanjra, Munir A. 2018. Wastewater for greening the desert - Business Models 17. In Otoo, Miriam; Drechsel, Pay (Eds.). Resource recovery from waste: business models for energy, nutrient and water reuse in low- and middle-income countries. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.595-603.
Wastewater treatment ; Deserts ; Business models ; Supply chain ; Sewerage ; Household wastes ; Biofuels ; Agriculture ; Forestry ; Cost recovery ; Risk reduction ; Environmental impact assessment ; Health hazards ; Agroforestry
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048680)
(940 KB)
10 Ajisegiri, B.; Andres, L. A.; Bhatt, S.; Dasgupta, B.; Echenique, J. A.; Gething, P. W.; Zabludovsky, J. G.; Joseph, G. 2019. Geo-spatial modeling of access to water and sanitation in Nigeria. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 9(2):258-280. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2019.089]
Water availability ; Sanitation ; Hygiene ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Population ; Mapping ; Public health ; Defaecation ; Tap water ; Indicators ; Sewerage ; Models ; Uncertainty / Nigeria
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049300)
https://iwaponline.com/washdev/article-pdf/9/2/258/583283/washdev0090258.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049300.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049300.pdf
(1.93 MB) (1.93 MB)
The paper presents the development and implementation of a geo-spatial model for mapping populations’ access to specified types of water and sanitation services in Nigeria. The analysis uses geo-referenced, population-representative data from the National Water and Sanitation Survey 2015, along with relevant geo-spatial covariates. The model generates predictions for levels of access to seven indicators of water and sanitation services across Nigeria at a resolution of 1 × 1 km2. Overall, the findings suggest a sharp urban–rural divide in terms of access to improved water, basic water, and improved water on premises, a low availability of piped water on premises and of sewerage systems throughout the country, a high concentration of improved sanitation in select states, and low rates of nationwide open defecation, with a few pockets of high rates of open defecation in the central and southern non-coastal regions. Predictions promise to hone the targeting of policies meant to improve access to basic services in various regions of the country.
11 Tayler, K. 2018. Faecal sludge and septage treatment: a guide for low- and middle-income countries. Warwickshire, UK: Practical Action Publishing. 349p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3362/9781780449869]
Waste management ; Wastewater treatment ; Faecal sludge ; Excreta ; Sanitation ; Sewerage ; Septic tanks ; Pit latrines ; Waste disposal ; Waste water treatment plants ; Anaerobic treatment ; Solid wastes ; Liquid wastes ; Sludge dewatering ; Technology ; Planning ; Developing countries
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 628.364 G000 TAY Record No: H049393)
https://www.susana.org/_resources/documents/default/3-3439-7-1540380071.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049393.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049393.pdf
(9.19 MB) (9.19 MB)
12 Manga, M.; Bartram, J.; Evans, B. E. 2020. Economic cost analysis of low-cost sanitation technology options in informal settlement areas (case study: Soweto, Johannesburg) International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 223(1):289-298. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.06.012]
Sanitation ; Appropriate technology ; Informal settlements ; Cost analysis ; Financing ; Operating costs ; Maintenance ; Waste treatment ; Sewerage ; Latrines ; Population density ; Households ; Case studies / South Africa / Johannesburg / Soweto
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049490)
(0.51 MB)
In Urban Africa, water and sanitation utility companies are facing a huge backlog of sanitation provision in the informal settlement areas. In order to clear this backlog, new investment is required. However, to select appropriate sanitation technologies, lifecycle costs need to be assessed. The aim of this research was to establish lifecycle costs for appropriate sanitation technologies in informal settlement areas. Three sanitation options were compared: simplified sewerage, urine diversion dry toilet (UDDT) and Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP) latrine. Three scenarios for simplified sewerage were considered; gravity flow into existing conventional sewers with treatment; new-build with pumping and treatment; and new-build gravity flow with treatment. The study revealed that simplified sewerage is the cheapest option for Soweto informal settlement, even when the costs of pumping and treatment are included. Gravity simplified sewerage with treatment is cheaper than the UDDT system and VIP latrine at all population densities above 158 and 172 persons/ha, respectively. The total annual cost per household of simplified sewerage and treatment was US$142 compared to US$156 and US$144 for UDDT and VIP latrine respectively. The costs of simplified sewerage could be recovered through a monthly household surcharge and cross-subsidy summing US$5.3 The study concluded that simplified sewerage system was the first choice for Soweto informal settlement areas, given the current population density.
13 Nikiema, Josiane; Tanoh-Nguessan, R.; Abiola, F.; Cofie, Olufunke O. 2020. Introducing co-composting to fecal sludge treatment plants in Benin and Burkina Faso: a logistical and financial assessment. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 50p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 17) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2020.206]
Resource recovery ; Resource management ; Reuse ; Faecal sludge ; Waste treatment ; Solid wastes ; Treatment plants ; Composting ; Logistics ; Economic analysis ; Waste management ; Waste collection ; Sewerage ; Recycling ; Waste disposal ; Sludge dewatering ; Anaerobic treatment ; Septic tanks ; Sanitation ; Technology ; Maintenance ; Public-private partnerships ; Investment ; Business models ; Cost recovery ; Production costs ; Operating costs ; Marketing ; Cost benefit analysis ; Land use ; Urban areas ; Households / West Africa / Benin / Burkina Faso / Ghana / Ouagadougou / Accra / Grand Nokoue
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H049802)
(1.47 MB)
Based on primary data from fecal sludge (FS) treatment plants in three West African urban regions (Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso, Greater Accra in Ghana, and Grand Nokoué in Benin), FS collection and treatment patterns were analyzed to identify possible scenarios for resource recovery (RR) through FS co-composting. FS collection was analyzed for up to 7 years, in part per day, month and season, as well as FS characteristics to understand peak flows, FS qualities and related variations to plan for appropriate RR technology and capacities.
Overall, the FS volumes collected by vacuum trucks were not significantly affected by the calendar days, months or seasons. Commonly assumed increases during rainy months were, for example, only recorded in Ouagadougou. FS composition appeared highly variable with a pronounced difference in total solids between FS collected from households versus institutional sources, likely indicating that institutions are served more frequently.
The analyzed treatment plants appear to be exploited beyond their capacity. RR for reuse can turn sludge disposal from a cost into a source of revenue with co-benefits for farmers and the environment, thereby reducing the pressure on tipping fees. The probability of the added co-compost production being financially viable on its own was estimated for all the study sites, indicating an earliest breakeven point after 5 to 8 years.
Overall, the FS volumes collected by vacuum trucks were not significantly affected by the calendar days, months or seasons. Commonly assumed increases during rainy months were, for example, only recorded in Ouagadougou. FS composition appeared highly variable with a pronounced difference in total solids between FS collected from households versus institutional sources, likely indicating that institutions are served more frequently.
The analyzed treatment plants appear to be exploited beyond their capacity. RR for reuse can turn sludge disposal from a cost into a source of revenue with co-benefits for farmers and the environment, thereby reducing the pressure on tipping fees. The probability of the added co-compost production being financially viable on its own was estimated for all the study sites, indicating an earliest breakeven point after 5 to 8 years.
14 Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Kumara, I. U.; Fernando, Sudarshana. 2020. Solid and liquid waste management and resource recovery in Sri Lanka: a 20 city analysis. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 83p.
Waste management ; Solid wastes ; Liquid wastes ; Resource recovery ; Reuse ; Resource management ; Urban areas ; Urban wastes ; Municipal wastewater ; Treatment plants ; Waste disposal ; Sewerage ; Septic tanks ; Faecal sludge ; Latrines ; Recycling ; Desludging ; Composting ; Waste landfills ; Water supply ; Municipal authorities ; Local authorities ; Households ; Sanitation ; Development projects / Sri Lanka / Anuradhapura / Badulla / Batticaloa / Colombo / Galle / Jaffna / Kaluthara / Kandy / Kilinochchi / Kurunegala / Mannar / Matale / Matara / Mullaithivu / Negombo / Nuwara Eliya / Puttalam / Ratnapura / Trincomalee / Vauniya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050009)
(16.1 MB)
15 Tawfik, Mohamed Hassan; Hoogesteger, J.; Elmahdi, Amgad; Hellegers, P. 2021. Unpacking wastewater reuse arrangements through a new framework: insights from the analysis of Egypt. Water International, 46(4):605-625. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2021.1921503]
Water reuse ; Wastewater treatment ; Waste management ; Waste collection ; Sewerage ; Irrigation ; Water policies ; Regulations ; Treatment plants ; Technology ; Water resources ; Villages ; Farmers ; Case studies / Egypt / Nile Delta / Marsa Matrouh / El Hamamee / Al Ashara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050497)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02508060.2021.1921503?needAccess=true
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050497.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050497.pdf
(10.20 MB) (10.2 MB)
Wastewater reuse is identified as strategic to help ameliorate scarcity in water-stressed regions around the world. However, to develop it, there is a need to better understand the social, institutional and technological contexts in which it takes place. This article develops a novel socio-technical framework to inform such an analysis and applies it to current wastewater reuse in Egypt. Our analysis highlights the different actors, management activities and practices that shape wastewater collection, transfer, treatment, discharge and/or reuse in different social, technological and environmental contexts in Egypt. It points out bottlenecks of current wastewater reuse policies and programmes.
16 Ouattara, Z. A.; Kabo-Bah, A. T.; Dongo, K.; Akpoti, Komlavi. 2023. A review of sewerage and drainage systems typologies with case study in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: failures, policy and management techniques perspectives. Cogent Engineering, 10(1):2178125. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2023.2178125]
Sewerage ; Drainage systems ; Policies ; Management techniques ; Urban areas ; Cities ; Solid wastes ; Wastewater ; Sanitation ; Decision support systems ; Models ; Institutions ; Case studies / Africa South of Sahara / Côte d'Ivoire / Abidjan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051899)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/23311916.2023.2178125?needAccess=true&role=button
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051899.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051899.pdf
(25.10 MB) (25.1 MB)
The failure of sewage and drainage systems in SubSaharan African cities is frequent and can be considered as a critical issue, both from an environmental standpoint and in terms of associated maintenance costs. This study analyzes the state of the sanitation systems, the elements behind the failures, the environmental concepts used to classify the problems, and the tools and methodological alternatives for ranking the various management solutions. This research illustrates the causes that contribute to the dysfunctions in the sewage systems of Abidjan as a typical example of sewerage systems management challenges in SubSaharan Africa’s large cities. Poor solid waste and wastewater management practices by residents, e.g., illegal dumping of solid waste into the sewers, unauthorized and defective connections to the network, structural dysfunctions related to the age of the network (cracked, denuded, or broken), urban agriculture in the vicinity of the channels, natural phenomena such as erosion, landslides in the undeveloped parts, and the high concentration of vegetation in the network, wholly contribute to the degradation of the network. A variety of decision support systems for the management of the assets of the urban sewage network were presented. The instruments have been categorized based on their capacity and functionality. The operating concept of each of these tools has been outlined, as well as their respective data needs. In addition, the study analyzes challenges related to the usage of existing decision support systems and provides an outlook on future research requirements in this area. This study offers a detailed analysis of the issues of sanitation management and could serve as a reference for other emerging nations in SubSaharan Africa.
17 Ouattara, Z. A.; Kabo-Bah, A. T.; Dongo, K.; Akpoti, Komlavi; Siabi, E. K.; Kablan, M. K. A.; Kangah, K. M. 2023. Operational and structural diagnosis of sewerage and drainage networks in Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa. Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, 5:1032459. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2023.1032459]
Sewerage ; Drainage systems ; Waste management ; Wastewater ; Solid wastes ; Household wastes ; Waste disposal ; Infiltration ; Urbanization ; Anthropogenic factors ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Environmental factors ; Sanitation ; Rainwater ; Vegetation ; Models / West Africa / Côte d’Ivoire / Abidja / Yopougon
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051958)
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsc.2023.1032459/pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051958.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051958.pdf
(2.69 MB) (2.69 MB)
In Cote d’Ivoire, the failure of urban sewage systems is a crucial problem for the drainage of wastewater and rainwater. This failure is due to many factors and therefore, calls for diagnostic studies. The present study aimed at analyzing these networks in order to identify the dierent factors that contribute to the operational and structural degradation in selected sewerage and drainage networks in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire. The method used in the study involved semi-structured interviews, video camera inspection and socio-environmental field surveys (geographical survey and household survey), followed by descriptive statistics. The results revealed that many structural, environmental and behavioral practice contribute to the progressive degradation of urban sewage systems. These factors are essentially those that prevent the normal flow of wastewater in the pipes such as the illegal dumping of solid waste, the unauthorized connection of wastewater networks, unsustainable urban agricultural practices, as well as the high concentration of vegetation on both sides of the network and the dilapidated infrastructure of the wastewater and rainwater networks. It was found that these factors are at the origin of the clogging and degradation of the sewers since 85% of the residents used these sewers as a dumping ground for solid waste.
18 Kalbar, P. P.; Lokhande, S. 2023. Need to adopt scaled decentralized systems in the water infrastructure to achieve sustainability and build resilience. Water Policy, 25(4):359-378. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2023.267]
Decentralization ; Resilience ; Sustainability ; Wastewater treatment ; Infrastructure ; Towns ; Environmental impact ; Water supply ; Sewerage ; Developing countries ; Water management ; Circular economy ; Freshwater ; Water reuse
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051865)
https://iwaponline.com/wp/article-pdf/25/4/359/1211942/025040359.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051865.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051865.pdf
(0.75 MB) (772 KB)
Urban water infrastructure (UWI) in cities faces enormous pressure to cope with increased water demands, handle extreme events and improve the service with minimum resource consumption and environmental impacts. The current study presents an approach for addressing the challenges in UWI, specifically in water supply and sewerage. The article argues a need for a paradigm shift that simultaneously includes the sustainability and resilience aspects throughout the life cycle of UWI. The article further highlights the issues in the prevailing approach of centralized infrastructure and demonstrates the necessity of moving away from such an approach and shifting towards decentralized infrastructure. Understanding the factors accelerating decentralization to attain a paradigm shift to decentralization is necessary. Hence, the study first identifies the drivers of decentralization. Secondly, the need for an appropriate scale to be considered while implementing decentralized UWI is highlighted in this study. Furthermore, the effect of the scale of infrastructure is discussed through the trade-offs between life-cycle costs, ease of governance, resilience and recycling benefits. The approach of scaled decentralization outlined in the study will be useful for developing countries to plan new infrastructure and also for developed countries to replace the ageing UWI to create future sustainable and resilient urban systems
19 Ouattara, Z. A.; Dongo, K.; Akpoti, Komlavi; Kabo-Bah, A. T.; Attiogbe, F.; Siabi, E. K.; Iweh, C. D.; Gogo, G. H. 2023. Assessment of solid and liquid wastes management and health impacts along the failed sewerage systems in capital cities of African countries: case of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Frontiers in Water, 5:1071686. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1071686]
Waste management ; Solid wastes ; Liquid wastes ; Environmental impact ; Health hazards ; Sewerage ; Cities ; Urban areas ; Wastewater ; Sanitation ; Pollution indicators ; Risk factors ; Chemicophysical properties ; Households / Côte d'Ivoire / Abidjan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052034)
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frwa.2023.1071686/pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052034.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052034.pdf
(2.16 MB) (2.16 MB)
The management of domestic wastewater and rainwater is a major concern for the population of Yopougon. The study presents the causes of wastewater discharge from dysfunctional sewers and their health impacts on the population. It also highlights the environmental and health risk associated with poor solid and liquid waste management. This was based on literature search, semi-participatory workshop, physicochemical and bacteriological characterization of wastewater and finally through a household survey. The field survey was conducted on 245 household heads obtained using the Canadian statistical guidelines. The results obtained indicated that all main pollution indicators were; total nitrogen (TN, 525 ± 0.02 to 3077 ± 0.3 mg/l), nitrates (NO3, 146 ± 0.01 to 1347 ± 0.12 mg/l), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD, 278 ± 195.16 to 645 ± 391.74 mg/l), chemical oxygen demand (COD, 940 ± 650.54 to 4050.5 ± 71.42 mg/l) and total dissolved solids (TDS, 151 ± 9.9 to 766 ± 237.59 mg/l) which were above the values recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Cote d'Ivoire national policy guidelines standards for the discharge of effluents into the environment. The analysis of the bacterial flora of the effluents revealed that the concentrations of Total Coliforms and fecal streptococci exceeded the values recommended by the WHO and national policy guidelines standards. This means that the populations of this area are prone to infectious diseases. Diseases such as malaria (84.53%), respiratory infections (61%), diarrhea (48.66%), intestinal diseases (44.5%), and typhoid fever (28.84%) were prevalent in the surveyed households.
20 Karkia, B. K.; Baniya, S.; Kharel, H. L.; Angove, M. L.; Paudel, S. R. 2024. Urban wastewater management in Nepal: generation, treatment, engineering, and policy perspectives. H2Open Journal, h2oj2024105. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/h2oj.2024.105]
Wastewater management ; Wastewater treatment plants ; Urban wastes ; Sewerage ; Sludge treatment ; Sanitation ; Households ; Water quality ; Water supply ; Public health ; Sustainability ; Water pollution ; Urbanization ; Infrastructure / Nepal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052724)
https://iwaponline.com/h2open/article-pdf/doi/10.2166/h2oj.2024.105/1380580/h2oj2024105.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052724.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052724.pdf
(0.82 MB) (844 KB)
Rapid urbanization has caused a worldwide increase in the discharge of wastewater effluent. Although Nepal has a noteworthy history of wastewater management, progress in this field has been hindered by persistent issues. These problems encompass insufficient sewer coverage, deficient treatment and sludge disposal facilities, inadequate treatment infrastructure, lack of coherent institutional frameworks, and a lack of comprehensive planning. This review provides a glimpse into Nepal's current urban wastewater landscape while also offering a concise historical overview of its wastewater management trends. The study gathered data, information from government organizations, as well as related research, review articles, and reports from 1999 to 2023. Our findings reveal that more than 85% of urban households in Nepal rely on onsite sanitation, with limited access to septage treatment facilities. The ratio of wastewater treatment to generation is disconcertingly low, further emphasized by the concentration of centralized treatment plants in the capital city. This low ratio underscores the inadequacy of the existing wastewater system and the novice approaches of the government, which contribute to the poor sewerage facilities in Nepal. This study unequivocally highlights the imperative need for functional and institutional hierarchy emphasizing local communities, substantial changes in resource allocation, governance practices, and technical infrastructure.
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