Your search found 10 records
1 Cofie, Olufunke; Pleysier, J. 2004. Ion exchange involving calcium-potasium (Ca-K) and calcium-magnesium (Ca-Mg) in soil and organic matter fractions. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 35(17-18):2417-2431.
Ion exchange ; Soil properties ; Soil organic matter ; Clay ; Fractionation ; Calcium ; Magnesium ; Potassium / Nigeria
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.4 G000 COF Record No: H035917)
The chemical characteristics of two soil types, an Alfisol and an Ultisol, were studied in the humid tropical zone of southern Nigeria. The objective was to investigate the contribution of soil organic matter (SOM) to nutrient retention characteristics and identify those SOM pools that contribute most to the ion exchange properties of the soils. Ion exchange studies involving K-Ca and Mg-Ca systems in whole soil, organic fraction (53-250 mm) and clay fraction (<2 mm ) showed a preference for Ca relative to K in the soil and organic fraction. For the clay fraction in Alfisol, the isotherm in K-Ca system suggested a preference for K at low K saturation, but from about 50% K saturation, the isotherm inferred a preference for Ca. However, the overall selectivity at constant temperature and pressure as expressed by Gibb’s free energy change suggested a stronger binding of K than Ca by the fraction.
2 Vyshpolsky, F.; Bekbaev, U.; Mukhamedjanov, K.; Ibatullin, S.; Paroda, R.; Yuldashev, T.; Karimov, Akmal; Aw-Hassan, A.; Noble, Andrew; Qadir, Manzoor. 2007. Enhancing the productivity of high-magnesium soil and water resources. IWMI leading BS Project output, 4p.
Magnesium ; Soil properties ; Soil reclamation ; Cotton ; Wheat ; Water use efficiency / Central Asia / Kazakhstan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.4 G772 VYS Record No: H040657)
(1.28 MB)
3 Rajakaruna, R. M. P.; Nandasena, K. A.; Jayakody, A. N. 2005. Quality of shallow groundwater in an intensively cultivated hilly catena in up country intermediate zone of Sri Lanka. In Galagedara, L. W. (Ed.). Water resources research in Sri Lanka: Symposium Proceedings of the Water Professional’s Day 2005. Peradeniya, Sri Lanka: PGIA. pp.163-178.
Groundwater ; Water quality ; Calcium ; Magnesium ; Nitrogen ; Sodium ; Potassium ; Phosphorus ; Monitoring ; Analysis ; Irrigation water ; Drinking water ; Domestic water ; Wells ; Water pollution ; Fertilizers ; Vegetables ; Cultivation / Sri Lanka / Badulla / Hulankapolla Village
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7 G744 GAL Record No: H040714)
4 Vyshpolsky, F.; Mukhamedjanov, K.; Bekbaev, U.; Ibatullin, S.; Yuldashev, T.; Noble, Andrew; Mirzabaev, A.; Aw-Hassan, A.; Qadir, Manzoor. 2010. Optimizing the rate and timing of phosphogypsum application to magnesium-affected soils for crop yield and water productivity enhancement. Agricultural Water Management, 97(9):1277-1286. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2010.02.020]
Cotton ; Crop production ; Yields ; Water quality ; Irrigation water ; Soil properties ; Magnesium ; Soil salinity ; Phosphogypsum ; Irrigation efficiency ; Soil moisture ; Water productivity / Central Asia / Kazakhstan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043367)
(0.48 MB)
5 Arasalingam, Sutharsiny; Pathmarajah, S.; Mikunthan, T.; Vithanage, M.; Manthrithilake, Herath. 2013. Impact of agricultural activities on groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking in Valikamam area, Jaffna Peninsula. In Sri Lanka Water Partnership (Lanka Jalani); International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Unilever-Pureit. Proceedings of the First Young Water Professionals Symposium, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 22-23 November 2012. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka Water Partnership (Lanka Jalani); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Colombo, Sri Lanka: Unilever-Pureit. pp.74-81.
Groundwater resources ; Drinking water ; Water quality ; Agricultural production ; Wells ; Aquifers ; Fluorides ; Nitrates ; Chlorides ; Calcium ; Magnesium ; Carbonates ; Bicarbonates ; Sodium ; Potassium / Sri Lanka / Jaffna Peninsula / Valikamam / Chunnakam aquifer
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G744 SRI Record No: H046158)
http://lankajalani.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Proceedings-YWPS.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046158.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046158.pdf
(0.64 MB) (5.26 MB)
6 Qadir, M.; Noble, Andrew D.; Karajeh, F.; George, B. 2015. Potential business opportunities from saline water and salt-affected land resources. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 29p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 05) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2015.206]
Land resources ; Land degradation ; Saline water ; Sodic soils ; Soil salinity ; Desalination ; Crop production ; Ecosystems ; Aquaculture ; Water resources ; Water productivity ; Drainage water ; Water reuse ; Recycling ; Freshwater ; Soil properties ; Magnesium ; Phosphogypsum ; Energy generation ; Solar energy ; Horticulture ; Greenhouses ; Irrigation ; Deltas ; Trees ; Case studies / Egypt
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046996)
(1 MB)
7 Smith, C. J.; Oster, J. D.; Sposito, G. 2015. Potassium and magnesium in irrigation water quality assessment. Agricultural Water Management, 157:59-64. (The Jim Oster Special Issue) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.09.003]
Irrigation water ; Wastewater irrigation ; Water quality ; Assessment ; Potassium ; Magnesium ; Sodium ; Soil hydraulic properties ; Hydraulic conductivity / USA / Australia / California
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047500)
(0.51 MB)
There is a growing trend of K replacing Na in wastewaters from agricultural industries to reduce the adverse effects of irrigation with these waters on soil hydraulic properties. However, problems with soil physical properties caused by wastewaters with high concentrations of K have been reported in both Australia and California. A review of the literature dating back to the 1930s supports the general conclusion that the relative order of deleterious effect on soil hydraulic properties of the four common cations in soils is Na >K> Mg > Ca. This paper explores the capabilities of the Cation Ratio of Structural Stability (CROSS), a generalized Sodium Adsorption Ratio incorporating all four cations, as an improved irrigation water quality parameter. This new parameter includes a coefficient for K that accounts for its relative deleterious effect as compared with Na and another coefficient for Mg that accounts for its relative beneficial effect as compared with Ca. Based on optimizing CROSS using threshold electrolyte concentration data for a Sodosol from the Riverina Region of Australia, the deleterious effect of K is estimated to be about one-third of that of Na, while the concentration of Mg needs to be about an order of magnitude larger than Ca to have the same beneficial effect.
8 Gautam, S. K.; Maharana, C.; Sharma, D.; Singh, A. K.; Tripathi, J. K.; Singh, S. K. 2015. Evaluation of groundwater quality in the Chotanagpur plateau region of the Subarnarekha River Basin, Jharkhand State, India. Sustainability of Water Quality and Ecology, 6:57-74. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.swaqe.2015.06.001]
Groundwater ; Water quality ; Assessment ; Irrigation water ; Drinking water ; Water pollution ; Heavy metals ; Contamination ; Alkaline earth metals ; Sodium ; Magnesium ; Ions ; Salinity ; Chemicophysical properties ; Permeability ; Spatial variation ; Monsoon climate ; Hydrogeology ; Geochemistry ; River basins / India / Jharkhand / Chotanagpur Plateau / Subarnarekha River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047960)
(3.16 MB)
Suitability study of groundwater for domestic and irrigation purposes was carried out in the middle Subarnarekha river basin, Jharkhand. Collected samples were analysed for physicochemical parameters such as conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, and heavy metals. After the physicochemical analysis groundwater samples were categorised for simplicity, accordingly, it shows that 52.6% samples fall in Ca-Cl2, 33.3% in Ca-HCO3, 10.5% in Ca-SO4, and 1.7% samples in Mg-HCO3 and rest were Na-Cl type. Interpretation of hydro-geochemical data suggests that leaching of ions followed by weathering and anthropogenic impact (mainly mining and agricultural activities) control the chemistry of groundwater in the study area. The TDS concentration at Govindpur site varies from 2677 mg L1 in the pre-monsoon to 2545 mg L1 in the post-monsoon season that is higher than the BIS (2004-05) maximum permissible limit (2000 mg L1 ). The elevated concentration of NO3 was identified at Govindpur, Hatia Bridge, Kandra, Musabani, Saraikela, Mango and Tatanagar. The higher NO3 concentration was due to the action of leaching and anthropogenic activities. At most of sampling locations, the concentration of Cd, Pb, and Ni were found higher than the prescribed limits defined by BIS and WHO. Groundwater suitability for drinking purpose was also evaluated by the synthetic pollution index (SPI), it suggests that 74%, 95%, and 21% samples fall in seriously polluted category during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon season, respectively. The calculated values of SAR, Na%, RSC, PI, and MH have shown that except at few locations, most of groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation purposes.
9 Srivastava, S. K. 2019. Assessment of groundwater quality for the suitability of irrigation and its impacts on crop yields in the Guna district, India. Agricultural Water Management, 216:224-241. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.02.005]
Groundwater ; Water quality ; Assessment ; Irrigation water ; Drinking water ; Crop yield ; Salinity ; Sodium ; Soils ; Leaching ; Hydrogeology ; Geochemistry ; Magnesium ; Models / India / Madhya Pradesh / Guna
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049201)
(9.08 MB)
This study was performed to understand the impact of groundwater quality on the crop yields and its suitability for the irrigation. The hydrogeochemical assessment indicates chemical weathering is prevalent in the aquifer system. Low sodium-hazard observed in almost all samples. High salinity-hazard observed in the shallow aquifer indicates leaching of contaminants from the surface. Salinity-hazard statistics indicates ~27.60% groundwater suitable for irrigation, ~47.65% groundwater considerable for irrigation of selected crops whose salinity tolerance limit is high, ~13.44% groundwater (fresh-brackish) cause problem in the soil and ~11.31% groundwater unsuitable for the irrigation.
Salinity tolerance limit indicates yield (%) of the few crops remain unaffected. These crops are Hordeum vulgare (Barley), Gossy pium (Cotton), Beta vulgaris (Sugar-beet), Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda-grass), Thinopyrum ponticum (tall Wheat-grass), Thinopyrum intermedium (Wheat-grass) etc. The yield potential (%) partially affected in the few crops like Arachis hypogaea (Groundnut) (~95.30%), Oryza sativa (Rice) (~93.29%), Carthamus tintorius (Safflower) (~97.32%), Sorghum bicolor (Sorghum) (~95.97%), Glycine max (Soybean) (~97.32%), Triticum aestivum (Wheat) (~99.33%), Brassica oleracea var. italica (Broccoli) (~92.62%), Cucumis sativus (Cucumber) (~90.60%), Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato) (~90.60%), Phalaris aquatic (Harding-grass) (~97.96%), Lolium perenne (Perennial ray-grass) (~97.99%), Sorghum drummondii (Sudan-grass) (~92.62%), Festuca arundinacea (tall-Fescue) (~95.30%), Lotus corniculatus (Trefoil-small) (~97.32%), Phoenix dactylifera (Date-palm) (~95.97%), Ficus carica (Fig) (~95.97%), Olea europaea (Olive) (~95.97%), Punica granatum (Pomegranate) (~91.28%) etc. Few crops sensitive to salinity-hazard indicate low-yield potential listed as Phaseolus vulgaris (Bean) (~36.91%), Daucus carota (Carrot) (~36.91%), Fragaria ananassa (Strawberry) (~36.91%). This groundwater is suitable for the irrigation of crops like Barley, Cotton, Sugar-beet, Wheat, Wheat-grass, Bermuda-grass, etc. But this groundwater can be used for irrigation after salinity management for the crops like Groundnut, Rice, Soybean, Broccoli, Cucumber, Tomato, Harding-grass, tall Fescue, Trefoil-small, Date-palm, Fig, Olive, and Pomegranate. The similar range of the crop yields observed in both Soil Water Salinity (SWS) Model and Ayers and Westcot Model, if the salinity of the irrigation water is low (=1.5 mS/cm). While low reduction in crop yields observed according to SWS Model in comparisons to Ayers and Westcot Model if the salinity of the irrigation water is high (> 1.5 mS/cm). The major reduction in crop yields observed in Ayers and Westcot Model, while the moderate decline in crop yields observed in SWS Model at higher salinity. Crop yield in the study area can be improved by implementing proper irrigation water management.
Salinity tolerance limit indicates yield (%) of the few crops remain unaffected. These crops are Hordeum vulgare (Barley), Gossy pium (Cotton), Beta vulgaris (Sugar-beet), Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda-grass), Thinopyrum ponticum (tall Wheat-grass), Thinopyrum intermedium (Wheat-grass) etc. The yield potential (%) partially affected in the few crops like Arachis hypogaea (Groundnut) (~95.30%), Oryza sativa (Rice) (~93.29%), Carthamus tintorius (Safflower) (~97.32%), Sorghum bicolor (Sorghum) (~95.97%), Glycine max (Soybean) (~97.32%), Triticum aestivum (Wheat) (~99.33%), Brassica oleracea var. italica (Broccoli) (~92.62%), Cucumis sativus (Cucumber) (~90.60%), Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato) (~90.60%), Phalaris aquatic (Harding-grass) (~97.96%), Lolium perenne (Perennial ray-grass) (~97.99%), Sorghum drummondii (Sudan-grass) (~92.62%), Festuca arundinacea (tall-Fescue) (~95.30%), Lotus corniculatus (Trefoil-small) (~97.32%), Phoenix dactylifera (Date-palm) (~95.97%), Ficus carica (Fig) (~95.97%), Olea europaea (Olive) (~95.97%), Punica granatum (Pomegranate) (~91.28%) etc. Few crops sensitive to salinity-hazard indicate low-yield potential listed as Phaseolus vulgaris (Bean) (~36.91%), Daucus carota (Carrot) (~36.91%), Fragaria ananassa (Strawberry) (~36.91%). This groundwater is suitable for the irrigation of crops like Barley, Cotton, Sugar-beet, Wheat, Wheat-grass, Bermuda-grass, etc. But this groundwater can be used for irrigation after salinity management for the crops like Groundnut, Rice, Soybean, Broccoli, Cucumber, Tomato, Harding-grass, tall Fescue, Trefoil-small, Date-palm, Fig, Olive, and Pomegranate. The similar range of the crop yields observed in both Soil Water Salinity (SWS) Model and Ayers and Westcot Model, if the salinity of the irrigation water is low (=1.5 mS/cm). While low reduction in crop yields observed according to SWS Model in comparisons to Ayers and Westcot Model if the salinity of the irrigation water is high (> 1.5 mS/cm). The major reduction in crop yields observed in Ayers and Westcot Model, while the moderate decline in crop yields observed in SWS Model at higher salinity. Crop yield in the study area can be improved by implementing proper irrigation water management.
10 Balasooriya, S.; Munasinghe, H.; Herath, A. T.; Diyabalanage, S.; Ileperuma, O. A.; Manthrithilake, Herath; Daniel, C.; Amann, K.; Zwiener, C.; Barth, J. A. C.; Chandrajith, R. 2020. Possible links between groundwater geochemistry and chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu): an investigation from the Ginnoruwa Region in Sri Lanka. Exposure and Health, 12(4):823-834. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-019-00340-w]
Kidney diseases ; Chronic course ; Groundwater ; Geochemistry ; Drinking water ; Water quality ; Fluorides ; Magnesium ; Trace elements ; Water hardness ; Wells ; Villages ; Arid zones ; Spatial distribution / Sri Lanka / Girandurukotte / Ginnoruwa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050214)
(2.46 MB)
Since at least two decades, Chronic Kidney Disease of Uncertain Etiology (CKDu) has become an increasingly discussed health issue in Sri Lanka and as well as in other tropical regions. Areas that are particularly affected with the disease are mostly located in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. The disease is more prominent among communities that consume groundwater as their main source of drinking water. Hydrogeochemical investigations were carried out in the Ginnoruwa area, a known hotspot of CKDu. It revealed possible links between drinking water chemistry and the spreading of the disease. This work compares hydrogeochemical data of drinking water sources of wells whose consumers are affected by CKDu and other nearby wells whose consumers were not affected by the disease. A total of 63 groundwater samples were collected from selected wells. About one-third of these samples (i.e., 19) were collected from wells used by CKDu patients. Significantly higher values of pH, total hardness, electrical conductivity, Ca2+, Mg2+, F-, Cl-, PO4 3-, and SO4 2- were found in wells that were used by CKDu patients. Mean contents of Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in CKDu affected wells were 33.8 mg/L, 30.1 mg/L, and 14.9 mg/L, respectively, compared to 23.1 mg/L, 26.7 mg/L, and 9.65 mg/L in non-CKDu wells. Differences in major ion geochemistry in groundwaters are possibly governed by variable time periods of water storage in fractured hard rock aquifers in this region. Hydrogeochemical parameters were statistically compared by a Mann–Whitney U test and indicated significant differences in total dissolved solids (TDS) (p=0.016), SO4 2- (p=0.005), PO4 3- (p=0.030), F- (p=0.048), Na+ (p=0.008), and Mg2+(p=0.008) between non-CKDu and CKDu wells at p=0.050 level. Other suspected solutes such as nephrotoxic trace elements including As, Cd, and Pb were similar in both types of wells. They were also lower than the accepted guideline limits of the World Health Organization (WHO). Results of this study suggest that fluoride in drinking water in combination with water hardness may be one of the responsible factors for kidney damage and progression of the disease. This may be particularly the case when elevated amounts of Mg2+ are present in hard groundwater.
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