Your search found 5 records
1 Bell, A. R.; Ali Shah, M. Azeem; Ward, P. S. 2014. Reimagining cost recovery in Pakistan’s irrigation system through willingness-to-pay estimates for irrigation water from a discrete choice experiment. Water Resources Research, 50(8):6679-6695. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015704]
Economic aspects ; Cost recovery ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation water ; Farmers ; Surface water ; Canals ; Groundwater ; Pumping ; Salinity / Pakistan / Punjab
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046669)
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014WR015704/pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046669.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046669.pdf
(1.07 MB) (1.07 MB)
It is widely argued that farmers are unwilling to pay adequate fees for surface water irrigation to recover the costs associated with maintenance and improvement of delivery systems. In this paper, we use a discrete choice experiment to study farmer preferences for irrigation characteristics along two branch canals in Punjab Province in eastern Pakistan. We find that farmers are generally willing to pay well in excess of current surface water irrigation costs for increased surface water reliability and that the amount that farmers are willing to pay is an increasing function of their existing surface water supply as well as location along the main canal branch. This explicit translation of implicit willingness-to-pay (WTP) for water (via expenditure on groundwater pumping) to WTP for reliable surface water demonstrates the potential for greatly enhanced cost recovery in the Indus Basin Irrigation System via appropriate setting of water user fees, driven by the higher WTP of those currently receiving reliable supplies.
2 Bell, A. R.; Aberman, N.-L.; Zaidi, F.; Wielgosz, B. 2015. Progress of constitutional change and irrigation management transfer in Pakistan: insights from a net-map exercise. In Ringler, C.; Anwar, Arif (Eds.). Water for food security: challenges for Pakistan. Oxon, UK: Routledge. pp.11-31.
Irrigation management ; Management techniques ; State intervention ; Legislation ; Water governance ; Water management ; Financing / Pakistan / Punjab
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046848)
3 Bernier, Q.; Sultana, P.; Bell, A. R.; Ringler, C. 2016. Water management and livelihood choices in southwestern Bangladesh. Journal of Rural Studies, 45:134-145. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.12.017]
Water management ; Living standards ; Agriculture ; Farmers ; Irrigation water ; Aquaculture ; Shrimp culture ; Salinity control ; Gender ; Women ; Men ; Coastal area / Southwest Bangladesh / Bagerhat / Satkhira
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047495)
(1.71 MB)
Coastal Bangladesh faces an increasing number of challenges including cyclones, tidal surges, floods, drought, saline water intrusion, waterlogging and land subsidence, which pose substantial threats to the livelihoods of the coastal inhabitants. In addition to these threats, profound social and land-use changes are complicating the livelihoods of resource users in the region, including the introduction of aquaculture and increasing competition for ground and surface water sources. The government of Bangladesh has targeted this region for investment with irrigation expansion. This paper uses a sustainable livelihood lens to understand the role of investments in water management and irrigation in driving and shaping livelihood changes and transitions over the past ten years and offers recommendations for investments. We find that while water infrastructure development has greatly enhanced the role of agriculture in coastal livelihoods over the last 10 years, further development of irrigation infrastructure should only be prioritized after issues of water governance and inequity across agricultural and aquacultural livelihoods are addressed.
4 Ali Shah, Azeem M.; Anwar, Arif A.; Bell, A. R.; ul Haq, Zia. 2016. Equity in a tertiary canal of the Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS) Agricultural Water Management, 178:201-214. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2016.09.018]
Irrigation systems ; Irrigation water ; Irrigation canals ; Water distribution ; Watercourses ; Tertiary sector ; Equity ; Discharges / Pakistan / Punjab / Hakra Canal / Indus Basin Irrigation System
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047866)
This paper examines the fairness in distribution of water in a tertiary canal within the Indus Basin Irrigation System. Two methodologies are proposed: canal rating equations, and outlet discharge equations. The methodology is applied to a tertiary canal located in the Punjab, Province of Pakistan. Fairness/equity is expressed quantitatively using the Gini index. There is a difference in the estimated discharge depending on the methodology employed, however as we move along the canal the water allowance does not vary significantly with the distance along the canal. Hence for this particular canal the head-middle-tail inequity often reported and generalized in the literature is not observed. The advantage of a quantitative measure of inequity such as the Gini is exemplified by comparing the Gini with that at the secondary canal and also against itself if the tertiary canal could be operated “as designed”. We introduce two new concepts: systematic and operational inequity. Provided the costs of data acquisition can be reduced this technology has the potential to be scaled up and included in future development investments in large scale irrigation systems. Further work exploring the impact of information on stakeholders needs to be undertaken.
5 Bell, A. R.; Ward, P. S.; Ali Shah, Azeem M. 2016. Increased water charges improve efficiency and equity in an irrigation system. Ecology and Society, 21(3):1-40. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-08642-210323]
Water rates ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation efficiency ; Irrigation canals ; Surface water ; Water delivery ; Water use ; Water supply ; Water allocation ; Watercourses ; Equity ; Farmers ; Groundwater ; Cost recovery ; Investment ; Land use ; Decision making / Pakistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047867)
http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol21/iss3/art23/ES-2016-8642.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047867.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047867.pdf
Conventional wisdom in many agricultural systems across the world is that farmers cannot, will not, or should not pay the full costs associated with surface water delivery. Across Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, only a handful can claim complete recovery of operation, maintenance, and capital costs; across Central and South Asia, fees are lower still, with farmers in Nepal, India, and Kazakhstan paying fractions of a U.S. penny for a cubic meter of water. In Pakistan, fees amount to roughly USD 1-2 per acre per season. However, farmers in Pakistan spend orders of magnitude more for diesel fuel to pump groundwater each season, suggesting a latent willingness to spend for water that, under the right conditions, could potentially be directed toward water-use fees for surface water supply. Although overall performance could be expected to improve with greater cost recovery, asymmetric access to water in canal irrigation systems leaves the question open as to whether those benefits would be equitably shared among all farmers in the system. We develop an agent-based model (ABM) of a small irrigation command to examine efficiency and equity outcomes across a range of different cost structures for the maintenance of the system, levels of market development, and assessed water charges. We find that, robust to a range of different cost and structural conditions, increased water charges lead to gains in both efficiency and concomitant improvements in equity as investments in canal infrastructure and system maintenance improve the conveyance of water resources further down watercourses. This suggests that, under conditions in which (1) farmers are currently spending money to pump groundwater to compensate for a failing surface water system, and (2) there is the possibility that through initial investment to provide perceptibly better water supply, genuine win-win solutions can be attained through higher water-use fees to beneficiary farmers.
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