Your search found 17 records
1 Thomas, K. J. A. 2002. Development projects and involuntary population displacement: The World Bank’s attempt to correct past failures. Population Research and Policy Review, 21:339-349.
Development projects ; Peasantry ; Rural population ; Displacement ; Development banks ; Dams / West Africa / Togo / Nangbeto Dam
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 7602 Record No: H039237)
2 Govereh, J.; Jayne, T. S.; Mason, N.; Chapoto, A. 2007. Trends in agricultural and poverty indicators in Zambia. Pretoria, South Africa: Pretoria, South Africa: Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System for Southern Africa (ReSAKSS-SA); Pretoria, South Africa: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Pretoria, South Africa: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). 2. 4p. (ReSAKSS-SA Policy Brief 002)
Poverty ; Indicators ; Rural population ; Agricultural production ; Households ; Food security / Africa / Zambia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041605)
3 Jalloh, A.; Nelson, G. C.; Thomas, T. S.; Zougmore, R.; Roy-Macauley, H. (Eds.) 2013. West African agriculture and climate change: a comprehensive analysis. Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 408p.
Agriculture ; Climate change ; Adaptation ; Food security ; Income ; Land use ; Land cover ; Crop production ; Yields ; Rainfed farming ; Models ; Economic aspects ; Indicators ; Policy ; Rural population ; Population growth ; Social aspects ; Poverty ; Malnutrition / Africa / Benin / Burkina Faso / Cote d’Ivoire / Ghana / Guinea / Liberia / Niger / Nigeria / Senegal / Sierra Leone / Togo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 338.10966 G100 JAL Record No: H045952)
http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/rr178.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045952.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045952.pdf
(153.82 MB)
4 Ranatunga, A. S.; Perera, M. P.; Gunawardene, A. M. T.; Abeysekera, W. A. T.; Perera, U. L. J. 1979. An analysis of the pre-Mahaweli situation in H4 and H5 areas in Kala-Oya basin. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Agrarian Research and Training Institute (ARTI) 125p. (ARTI Research Study 33)
River basins ; Households ; Income ; Manpower ; Livestock ; Rice ; Cultivation ; Crop yield ; Infrastructure ; Farming systems ; Fertilizer ; Pest control ; Disease control ; Farmland ; Rural areas ; Rural population ; Employment ; Socioeconomic development ; Land use ; Land tenure ; Farmers ; Highlands / Sri Lanka / Mahaweli River / Mahaweli H System / Kala Oya Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.483 G744 RAN Record No: H046315)
(0.10 MB)
5 Kravchenko, J.; Rango, T.; Akushevich, I.; Atlaw, B.; McCornick, Peter G.; Merola, R. B; Paul, C; Weinthal, E.; Harrison, C.; Vengosh, A.; Jeuland, M. 2014. The effect of non-fluoride factors on risk of dental fluorosis: evidence from rural populations of the Main Ethiopian Rift. Science of the Total Environment, 488-489:595-606. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.087]
Rural population ; Dental caries ; Fluorides ; Fluorosis ; Drinking water ; Groundwater ; Water quality ; Pollutants ; Health hazards ; Household consumption ; Milk consumption / Ethiopia / Main Ethiopian Rift
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046313)
(0.34 MB)
Elevated level of fluoride (F-) in drinking water is a well-recognized risk factor of dental fluorosis (DF). While considering optimization of region-specific standards for F-, it is reasonable, however, to consider how local diet, water sourcing practices, and non-F- elements in water may be related to health outcomes. In this study, we hypothesized that non-F- elements in groundwater and lifestyle and demographic characteristics may be independent predictors or modifiers of the effects of F- on teeth. Dental examinations were conducted among 1094 inhabitants from 399 randomly-selected households of 20 rural communities of the Ziway–Shala lake basin of the Main Ethiopian Rift. DF severity was evaluated using the Thylstrup-Fejerskov Index (TFI). Household surveys were performed and water samples were collected from community water sources. To consider interrelations between the teeth within individual (in terms of DF severity) and between F- and non-F- elements in groundwater, the statistical methods of regression analysis, mixed models, and principal component analysis were used. About 90% of study participants consumed water from wells with F- levels above theWHO recommended standard of 1.5 mg/l. More than 62% of the study population had DF. F- levels were a major factor associated with DF. Age, sex, and milk consumption (both cow's and breastfed)were also statistically significantly (p b 0.05) associated with DF severity; these associations appear both independently and as modifiers of those identified between F- concentration and DF severity. Among 35 examined elements in groundwater, Ca, Al, Cu, and Rb were found to be significantly correlated with dental health outcomes among the residents exposed to waterwith excessive F- concentrations. Quantitative estimates obtained in our study can be used to explore new water treatment strategies, water safety and quality regulations, and lifestyle recommendations which may be more appropriate for this highly populated region.
6 Yakubov, Murat. 2012. The 2011 impact study report: project impacts on the population-at-large (kitchen gardeners' perspective). Report prepared under the project Integrated Water Resources Management in Fergana Valley, phase IV. Tashkent, Uzbekistan: International Water management institute (IWMI); Berne, Switzerland: Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC). 64p.
Impact assessment ; Project design ; Measurement ; Rural population ; Gender ; Households ; Income ; Domestic gardens ; Water use ; Canals ; Crop production ; Water user associations ; Irrigation water ; Environmental health / Central Asia / Kyrgyzstan / Tajikistan / Uzbekistan / Ferghana Project
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046469)
(1.63 MB)
7 Mateo-Sagasta, J.; Ongley, E.; Xurong, M.; Weiping, H.; Xia, X. (Eds.) 2013. Guidelines to control water pollution from agriculture in China: decoupling water pollution from agricultural production. Rome, Itlay: FAO. 197p. (FAO Water Reports 40)
Water pollution Control ; Agricultural production ; Guidelines ; Erosion ; Sedimentation ; Fertilizers ; Environmental impact ; Nutrients ; Pest management ; Pesticides ; Farmers ; Irrigated land ; Water use efficiency ; Water quality ; Livestock ; Aquaculture ; Rice ; Health hazards ; Wastewater treatment ; Rural population / China
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046477)
(4.37 MB)
8 Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Raman, R. 2014. Perspectives on urban sanitation, liveability and peri-urban futures of Indian cities. In Maheshwari, B.; Purohit, R.; Malano, H.; Singh, V. P.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. (Eds.). The security of water, food, energy and liveability of cities: challenges and opportunities for peri-urban futures. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.181-200. (Water Science and Technology Library Volume 71)
Urbanization ; Periurban areas ; Rural population ; Sanitation ; Seepage ; Solid wastes ; Waste management
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046688)
(5.97 MB)
9 Aheeyar, Mohamed; Padmajani, T. 2015. Technical efficiency of paddy cultivation in anicut schemes in the Walawe Basin. Paper presented at the International Network for Water and Ecosystems in Paddy Fields (INWEPF) Symposium on Achieving the Goals of Food security in Sustainable Paddy Water Ecosystems, Negombo, Sri Lanka, 3-5 November 2015. 12p.
Agricultural production ; Rice ; Cultivation ; Irrigation schemes ; Technological changes ; River basins ; Farmers ; Socioeconomic environment ; Living standards ; Rural population ; Food security ; Case studies / Sri Lanka / Badulla / Ratnapura / Walawe Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047346)
(0.20 MB)
Small run-of-the-river systems (Anicuts) play an important role in irrigated paddy production in Sri Lanka. The total land area under Anicut cultivation is 98,000 ha, benefitting over 333,000 families. Farming under the Anicut schemes is largely smallholder (average 0.3 ha), and the average paddy yield obtained from a hectare of land is about one metric tonne less than the yield of major irrigated areas. As the Anicut schemes are not benefited by reservoirs/storages or major diversions, and are entirely dependent on local rainfall, climate change would make the Anicut farmers more vulnerable. Therefore, increasing efficiency in paddy production is vital to enhancing the productivity and livelihoods of the farmers. This study aimed to measure the farm-level technical efficiency of Anicut farmers in the Walawe Basin. Data collected from162 random farmers in six Anicut schemes in Badulla and Ratnapura districts were used to run the stochastic frontier production function to estimate technical efficiency. Farmer-related exogenous variables causing farm-level variation in technical inefficiency were also assessed. The findings show that the average technical efficiency of the Anicut farmers in Badulla and Ratnapura districts is 65.9% and 74.73%, respectively. This indicates that, in the given mix of inputs used in paddy production, there is a loss of production by 34.1% and 25.27% in Badulla and Ratnapura districts due to inefficiency and allocative errors in the production technique. This paper discusses the determinants of technical efficiency and its relationship with Anicut farmers’ socioeconomic attributes.
10 Stulina, G. V. 2015. Role of women in the irrigated agriculture sector in the Fergana Valley: findings of field surveys. Irrigation and Drainage, 64(4):491-500. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.1919]
Irrigated farming ; Gender ; Role of women ; Agricultural sector ; Women farmers ; Water management ; Water user associations ; Rural population ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Surveys ; Training / Central Asia / Uzbekistan / Kyrgyzstan / Tajikistan / Fergana Valley
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047436)
(4.00 MB)
Since 2008 the Scientific-Information Centre of the Interstate Coordination Water Commission of Central Asia (SIC ICWC) has been actively attempting to draw greater attention to the role of women in water management and irrigated farming, taking into consideration the specificity of current demographic and ecological conditions in the rural areas. In the past and at present, women’s labour is widely used in the irrigated agriculture sector, especially for cultivating crops on household plots where they perform heavy manual work, particularly during harvesting. At the same time the current stratification of the rural population and the significant migration of men outside Central Asian countries as temporary wage workers have additionally increased the burden on women’s shoulders of having full responsibility for maintaining their families and for childcare. In the process of its researches related to gender mainstreaming, the SIC ICWC uses direct working with women associated with enhancing their awareness and aimed at their involvement in the Women’s Movement Network and special training for women engaged in the water management sector or irrigated farming. This paper presents the findings of such researches conducted in the Fergana Valley in the framework of different pilot projects.
11 Wegerich, K.; Hussain, Asghar. 2016. Creating accountability: representation and responsiveness of the irrigation bureaucracy in Punjab, Pakistan. Water International, 41(5):662-681. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2016.1185890]
Irrigation management ; Technology transfer ; Political aspects ; Bureaucracy ; Civil service ; Public administration ; Empowerment ; Local communities ; Rural population ; Land ownership ; Canals ; Equity ; Water distribution ; Water supply / Pakistan / Punjab
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047637)
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02508060.2016.1185890?needAccess=true
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047637.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047637.pdf
(2.01 MB)
Here, more than 100 years of incumbency reports on officers of the irrigation bureaucracy of Punjab, Pakistan, are presented and analyzed. The data highlight how representation changed before and after partition within the irrigation bureaucracy. The data show that the irrigation bureaucracy increased through staffing its representation of local communities and is in its appointments responsive to elected representatives. Therefore, it is argued that empowerment of the local community can be achieved without irrigation management transfer but through the irrigation bureaucracy itself.
12 Dawoud, M. A. H. 2017. Water, energy, and food security nexus in the West Asian Region. In Salam, P. A.; Shrestha, S.; Pandey, V. P.; Anal, A. K. (Eds.). Water-energy-food nexus: principles and practices. Indianapolis, IN, USA: Wiley. pp.163-180.
Water resources ; Water availability ; Water demand ; Water policy ; Food security ; Food supply ; Food production ; Energy resources ; Nexus ; Poverty ; Sustainable development ; Farmland ; Supply chain ; Economic aspects ; Rural population ; Urban population ; Renewable resources ; Climate change ; Aquifers ; Land degradation ; Legal aspects / Western Asia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048746)
13 Gafurov, Zafar; Eltazarov, Sarvarbek; Akramov, Bekzod; Djumaboev, Kakhramon; Anarbekov, Oyture; Solieva, Umida. 2018. Geodatabase and diagnostic atlas: Kashkadarya Province, Uzbekistan. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 74p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2018.217]
GIS ; Remote sensing ; River basins ; Digital technology ; Maps ; Simulation models ; Satellite imagery ; Urban population ; Urban areas ; Rural population ; Rural areas ; Population density ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation water ; Water resources ; Water storage ; Water use efficiency ; Canals ; Drainage systems ; Pumps ; Lakes ; Reservoir storage ; Watersheds ; Streams ; Transportation ; Groundwater ; Soil types ; Vegetation ; Ecosystems ; Climate change ; Infrastructure / Uzbekistan / Kashkadarya Province
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048924)
(6 MB)
14 van Koppen, Barbara; Schreiner, B. 2018. A hybrid approach to decolonize formal water law in Africa. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 45p. (IWMI Research Report 173) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2018.219]
Legislation ; Legal pluralism ; Customary law ; Water law ; Water resources ; Water users ; Water use ; Water rights ; Water management ; Water allocation ; Water policy ; Water governance ; Water distribution ; Water security ; Colonialism ; Economic aspects ; State intervention ; Authorities ; Investment ; Rural population ; Political aspects ; Regulations ; Small scale systems ; Equity ; Marginalization / Africa / South Africa / Kenya / Malawi / Uganda / Zimbabwe
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048956)
(639 KB)
In recent decades, many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have pursued national water permit systems, derived from the colonial era and reinforced by “global best practice.” These systems have proved logistically impossible to manage and have worsened inequality in water access. A new study conducted by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) and Pegasys Institute, with support from the UK government, traces the origins of these systems, and describes their implementation and consequences for rural smallholders in five countries – Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe. The authors of this report propose a hybrid water use rights system to decolonize Africa’s water law, lighten the administrative burden on the state and make legal access to water more equitable. This would strengthen smallholder irrigation, which is vital for boosting Africa’s food production and making it more resilient in the face of worsening drought.
15 Ayelazuno, J. A. 2019. Water and land investment in the “overseas” of northern Ghana: the land question, agrarian change, and development implications. Land Use Policy, 81:915-928. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.06.027]
Water resources ; Land acquisitions ; Land investments ; Public-private cooperation ; Institutions ; Agrarian reform ; Industrialization ; Development projects ; Rural population ; Colonialism ; Social aspects ; Economic aspects / Africa / Ghana / Mamprugu Moagduri / Yagba
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049120)
(0.72 MB)
Despite its hostile climatic conditions, the Northern Ghana has recently attracted foreign direct investment (FDI) in land and water acquisitions for capitalist farming. Drawing on the insights of agrarian political economy, this paper critically analyses a new and under-researched case of such investment in the “Overseas”, Northern Region, by The Integrated Water Management and Agricultural Development Ghana Limited (IWAD). The thrust of the analysis is the implications of the business model of IWAD for the social (re)production of peasants and the industrialisation vision of the Ghanaian state. I argue that helpful and important insights into these implications – especially the linkages between land acquisition, capitalist agriculture, agrarian change and industrialisation – can be gained by situating contemporary land acquisitions in the longer historical span of land grabs in Africa. This exercise should focus on the articulation of the (re)production of African rural populace with the global economy through global primitive accumulation. After doing this, the paper then documents and discusses the land question and its resolution in this specific case, and then examines the emerging agrarian change in the Overseas and its significance for industrialisation in Ghana.
16 Paglialunga, E.; Coveri, A.; Zanfei, A. 2022. Climate change and within-country inequality: new evidence from a global perspective. World Development, 159:106030. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.106030]
Climate change ; Agriculture ; Value chains ; Economic development ; Diversification ; Rural population ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Vulnerability ; Indicators ; Income ; Precipitation ; Flooding
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051345)
(1.50 MB)
This paper investigates the impact of climate change on within-country income inequality for more than 150 nations over the period 2003–2017. Specifically, we control for a large number of determinants of income disparities detected by extant literature and focus on agriculture as one of the most crucial channels in the climate change-inequality nexus. We find that temperature increases and precipitation anomalies have significant adverse effects on within-country inequality, especially in the presence of larger shares of population in rural areas and of workers in agriculture. We also provide evidence on the lower distributional impact of climate change in economies that are more diversified across value chain activities.
17 Pavelic, Paul; Villholth, Karen G.; Shu, Yunqiao; Rebelo, Lisa-Maria; Smakhtin, V. 2023. Smallholder groundwater irrigation in Sub-Saharan Africa: country-level estimates of development potential. In Pavelic, Paul; Villholth, K. G.; Verma, Shilp. (Eds.). Sustainable groundwater development for improved livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa. Abingdon, Oxon, UK: Routledge. pp.30-45. (Routledge Special Issues on Water Policy and Governance)
Smallholders ; Groundwater irrigation ; Water resources ; Water balance ; Irrigated areas variety ; Water demand ; Livelihoods ; Rural population ; Socioeconomic aspects / Africa South of Sahara / Burkina Faso / Ethiopia / Ghana / Kenya / Malawi / Mali / Mozambique / Niger / Nigeria / Rwanda / United Republic of Tanzania / Uganda / Zambia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H052022)
The abundance of groundwater resources of Sub-Saharan Africa is generally well recognized, but quantitative estimates of their potential for irrigation development are lacking. This study derives estimates using a simple and generic water balance approach and data from secondary sources for 13 countries. Even with conservative assumptions and accounting for water demands from other sectors, including the environment, a 120-fold increase (by 13.5 million hectares) in the area under groundwater irrigation is possible for the countries considered. This expansion could improve the livelihoods of approximately 40% of the present-day rural population.
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