Your search found 10 records
1 Easter, K. W.; Konishi, Y. 2006. What are the economic health costs of non-action in controlling toxic water pollution? International Journal of Water Resources Development, 22(4):529-541.
Water pollution ; Pollution control ; Drinking water ; Public health ; Diseases ; Risks ; Arsenic ; Mercury ; Atrazine ; Toxicity ; Fish / USA / Japan / India
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H039471)
2 Jayawardena, U. A.; Rajakaruna, R. S.; Navaratne, A. N.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie H. 2010. Toxicity of agrochemicals to common hourglass tree frog (Polypedates cruciger) in acute and chronic exposure. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 12(5): 641-648.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043540)
http://www.fspublishers.org/ijab/past-issues/IJABVOL_12_NO_5/1.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043540.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043540.pdf
(0.15 MB)
Direct effect of four common agricultural pesticides viz., chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, glyphosate and propanil, on the survival, growth and development of malformations in common hourglass tree frog, Polypedates cruciger (Anura: Ranidae) was studied under laboratory conditions in acute and chronic exposure. Acute exposure to high concentrations was carried out to determine the LC50. The 48 h LC50 of the pesticides were within the Pesticide Area Network specified limits, except for propanil. The percentage survival of the tadpoles under chronic exposure to ecologically relevant doses was lower (glyphosate 75%, dimethoate 77.5%, chlorpyrifos 80% & propanil 85%) than the control group (95.5%) and was significantly affected by the concentrations. Exposed tadpoles took more time to metamorphose and were significantly smaller in size than the control tadpoles. They also developed malformations at high frequencies (glyphosate = 69%, dimethoate = 64%, chlorpyrifos = 60%, propanil = 45%). Malformations were mainly kyphosis (hunched back), scoliosis (curvature), skin ulcers and edema. However, severe limb malformations were not observed in the study. Chlorpyrifos had a profound effect even at very low concentrations (0.05 ppm). This study provides the first empirical evidence of a comparative study on the effect of pesticides on an endemic amphibian species in Sri Lanka and underscores the importance of investigation the level of agricultural pesticides in freshwater ecosystems and their effect on non-target organisms.
3 Noble, Andrew; Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Manthrithilake, Herath; Arasalingam, Sutharsiny. 2014. Review of literature on chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 41p. (IWMI Working Paper 158) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2014.206]
Kidney diseases ; Chronic course ; Aetiology ; Water quality ; Drinking water ; Groundwater ; Contamination ; Arsenic ; Toxicity ; Cadmium ; Phosphates ; Fluorides ; Aluminium ; Agrochemicals ; Health hazards ; Food chains ; Farmers ; Wells ; Literature ; Research / Sri Lanka / Medawachchiya / Anuradhapura
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046435)
(679.55 KB)
This manuscript undertakes a review of current published information (peer-reviewed and grey literature) on Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. It attempts to provide an overview of the possible environmentally-induced causal factors that have been implicated in the development of the disease, and identifies the gaps in research and recommends potential areas for future research. The review specifically captures the potential role that agriculture and water resources may play as causal factors in the development of the disease, and calls for a systematic approach and stresses the need for an integrated multi-disciplinary research effort to address the problem.
4 Brindha, Karthikeyan; Pavelic, Paul; Sotoukee, Touleelor; Douangsavanh, Somphasith; Elango, L. 2017. Geochemical characteristics and groundwater quality in the Vientiane Plain, Laos. Exposure and Health, 9(2):89-104. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-016-0224-8]
Geology ; Chemical composition ; Toxicity ; Groundwater ; Water quality ; Water level ; Drinking water ; Domestic water ; Irrigation water ; Aquifers ; Plains ; Heavy metals ; Pollutants ; Iron ; Arsenic ; Copper ; Zinc ; Mercury ; Health hazards / Lao People's Democratic Republic / Vientiane Plain
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047651)
Groundwater from the shallow aquifers of the Vientiane Plain, Laos is used for domestic needs including to some extent for drinking and for household gardening. The objective of this study is to assess the groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation activities and to determine the processes that lead to the presence of major ions in groundwater. Twenty groundwater samples were collected from a village on the Plain in December 2014, January 2015, and May 2015, and analysed for major ions and selected suite of minor ions and heavy metals. Groundwater is largely acidic, fresh and soft in nature. Geochemistry showed dominant Ca–Mg–HCO3 and mixed Ca–Na–HCO3 groundwater. Sodium impacts the suitability of water for irrigation to some extent. Hydrogeochemical processes identified and verified through factor analysis indicate weathering, carbonate dissolution, ion exchange, and anthropogenic sources including salinisation, due to irrigation and use of fertilizers as sources for the occurrence of major ions at such concentrations in this area. Only concentrations of lead and iron were above the permissible limits with arsenic, copper, zinc, mercury, and uranium found to be within safe limits. Background sample (groundwater) collected 5 km from the study area and the bottled water sample were all within suitable limits for drinking. This study is the first to provide a local-level assessment of geochemical processes in groundwater of this area indicating that the groundwater does not pose any threat to human health if used for drinking based on major ions, minor ions and a suite heavy metals except for iron and lead.
5 Natarajan, Rajmohan; Chakraborti, D.; Prathapar, S. 2016. Arsenic in the eastern Ganges Basin: extent and impact on food chain and human health. In Bharati, Luna; Sharma, Bharat R.; Smakhtin, Vladimir (Eds.). The Ganges River Basin: status and challenges in water, environment and livelihoods. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.205-221. (Earthscan Series on Major River Basins of the World)
Arsenic ; Contamination ; Groundwater ; Water pollution ; Inorganic compounds ; Toxicity ; Drinking water ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Food chains ; Rice ; Irrigation water ; Tube wells ; Soil pollution / India / Nepal / Bangladesh / Ganges Basin / Bihar / West Bengal / Terai Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047839)
6 Yehia, M.; Baghdady, A.; Howari, F. M.; Awad, S.; Gad, A. 2017. Natural radioactivity and groundwater quality assessment in the northern area of the Western Desert of Egypt. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 12:331-344. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2017.06.002]
Groundwater assessment ; Water quality ; Chemical composition ; Deserts ; Water analysis ; Irrigation ; Domestic water ; Drinking water ; Chemicophysical properties ; Radioactivity ; Health hazards ; Radiation damage ; Metals ; Toxicity ; Hydrogeology / Egypt / Western Desert
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048296)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581817300198/pdfft?md5=f35be392d885522b974103ccb1196ff7&pid=1-s2.0-S2214581817300198-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048296.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048296.pdf
(1.35 MB) (1.35 MB)
The chemical composition and natural radioactivity of the northern area of the western desert groundwater were determined to evaluate hydrogeochemical facies and assess groundwater quality for different uses. Many the groundwater samples belong to the Na+- Cl-, Na2SO4 - type, followed by Ca2+- Mg2+- Cl- type. Only a few samples are of the Na+- HCO3 - type. The spatial distributions of the major ions describe similar anomalies, with the highest concentrations found at the extreme northeastern margin of the oasis, as well as in its northern and northwestern parts. Fe is the most abundant toxic metal, followed by Cu and Mn. Anomalies of Cr, Ni and Zn are also detected. Rock/water interactions strongly affect the chemical composition of the groundwater. Dissolution and cation exchange are the main processes controlling the hydrogeochemistry. Most of the irrigation groundwater problems in the study area may be resolved using an effective drainage system. The estimated total annual dose due to ingestion of 238U, 232Th and 40K in groundwater samples reveals that the groundwater is safe for human consumption. However, the toxic metal content of the Bahariya groundwater exceeds the permissible levels for both irrigation and consumption, and the water must be filtered through suitable membranes to exclude these toxic metals. Regular monitoring of the quality of this water for drinking is strictly required.
7 Dube, S.; Muchaonyerwa, P.; Mapanda, F.; Hughes, J. 2018. Effects of sludge water from a water treatment works on soil properties and the yield and elemental uptake of brachiaria decumbens and lucerne (medicago sativa). Agricultural Water Management, 208:335-343. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.06.015]
Wastewater treatment ; Sewage sludge ; Water reuse ; Irrigation water ; Crops ; Brachiaria decumbens ; Medicago sativa ; Yields ; Nutrient uptake ; Soil properties ; Chemical composition ; Aluminium ; Manganese ; Toxicity ; Chemicophysical properties / Zimbabwe / Harare
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048901)
(0.54 MB)
This study assessed the effects of irrigation with different dilutions of sludge water, a wastewater from an aluminium-based drinking water treatment plant in Harare, Zimbabwe, on yield and elemental uptake of Brachiaria decumbens (brachiaria) and Medicago sativa (lucerne), and on properties of clay and sandy loam soils. The sludge water was characterised and diluted to 25%, 50% and 75% of the original concentration with tap water. The dilutions, together with 100% sludge water and tap water, were used to irrigate brachiaria and lucerne in a pot experiment. Shoot plant material was harvested and analysed for biomass, total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), Ca, Mg, K, aluminium (Al), boron (B), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). Soils were analysed for particle size distribution, organic carbon, (before use only), pH, exchangeable acidity and extractable P, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn before use and after harvesting. Increasing sludge water concentration increased yield and uptake of nutrients of both crops, without accumulating pollutants in the tissues to phytotoxic levels in both soils for brachiaria and in the sandy loam soil for lucerne. Tissue Al and Fe were not affected by sludge water concentration but were higher than maximum tolerable levels. An increase in sludge water concentration increased soil pH in the sandy loam soil more than in the clay under both crops. Undiluted sludge water may be used to irrigate brachiaria, while dilution to 75% of its original concentration is required for lucerne, at least in the short term, without negatively affecting plant growth.
8 McArthur, J. M. 2018. Arsenic in groundwater. In Sikdar, P. K. (Ed.). Groundwater development and management: issues and challenges in South Asia. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; New Delhi, India: Capital Publishing Company. pp.279-308. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75115-3_12]
Groundwater ; Arsenic ; Contamination ; Water pollution ; Drinking water ; Water quality ; Toxicity ; Aquifers ; Sediment ; Wells ; Pumping ; Anthropogenic factors ; Iron ; Population ; Public health ; Models / India / Pakistan / Bangladesh / Nepal / Bengal Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049268)
(1.38 MB)
9 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 2021. Policies to reduce microplastics pollution in water: focus on textiles and tyres. Paris, France: OECD Publishing. 136p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1787/7ec7e5ef-en]
Microplastic pollution ; Mitigation ; Policies ; Marine environment ; Freshwater ecosystems ; Textiles ; Tyres ; Human health ; Environmental health ; Health hazards ; Risk reduction ; Toxicity ; Technology ; Best practices ; Techniques ; Standards ; Certification schemes ; Labelling ; Waste management ; Wastewater treatment plants ; Waste disposal ; Sewage sludge ; Degradation ; Emission ; Industrial wastewater ; Stormwater runoff ; OECD countries ; Stakeholders ; Collaboration
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051315)
10 De Camillis, C.; Drechsel, Pay; Raizman, E. 2023. Livestock and water quality. In Drechsel, Pay; Marjani Zadeh, S.; Salcedo, F. P. (Eds.). Water quality in agriculture: risks and risk mitigation. Rome, Italy: FAO; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.93-107.
Livestock ; Water quality ; Parameters ; Good practices ; Guidelines ; Animal health ; Poultry ; Drinking water ; Microbial contamination ; Nutrients ; Nitrates ; Salinity ; Toxicity ; Sulphates ; Sodium ; Trace elements
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052244)
(2.78 MB)
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