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1 Emerton, L. (Ed.) 2005. Values and rewards: Counting and capturing ecosystem water services for sustainable development. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). 93p. (IUCN water, nature and economics technical paper no.1)
Wetlands ; Ecosystems ; Water allocation ; Tanks ; Irrigated farming ; Economic evaluation ; River basins ; Flood plains ; Mangroves ; Water resource management ; Forests ; Wastewater ; Water purification / Zambia / Cambodia / Sri Lanka / Cameroon / Pakistan / Kenya / Laos / Tanzania / Uganda / Barotse Floodplain / Ream National Park / Stoeng Treng Ramsar Site / Kala Oya River Basin / Waza Logone Floodplain / Indus Delta / Tana River / Sekong Province / Pangani Basin / Nakivubo Swamp / Muthurajawela Wetland / Luang Marsh / Vientiane
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 EME Record No: H038962)
http://www.iucn.org/themes/economics/Files/ValuesandRewards.pdf

2 Emerton, L. (Ed.) 2005. Values and rewards: counting and capturing ecosystem water services for sustainable development. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Ecosystems and Livelihoods Group Asia. 93p.
Ecosystems ; Economic evaluation ; Decision making ; River basin management ; Wetlands ; Mangroves ; Floodplains ; Tanks ; Irrigated farming ; Cost benefit analysis ; Case studies ; Salt water intrusion ; Forests ; Water power ; Water supply / Zambia / Cambodia / Sri Lanka / Cameroon / Pakistan / Kenya / Laos / Tanzania / Uganda / Zambezi River / Barotse Floodplain / Ream National Park / Kala Oya River Basin / Muthurajawela Wetland / Stoeng Treng Ramsar Site / Waza Logone Floodplain / Indus Delta / Tana River / Sekong Province / Pangani Basin / Nakivubo Swamp / Luang Marsh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 577 G000 EME Record No: H040655)
http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2005-047.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H040655.pdf
(0.39 MB)

3 Okuku, E. O.; Bouillon, S.; Ochiewo, J. O.; Munyi, F.; Kiteresi, L. I.; Tole, M. 2016. The impacts of hydropower development on rural livelihood sustenance. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 32(2):267-285. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2015.1056297]
Water power ; Energy generation ; Living standards ; Reservoirs ; Rivers ; Dams ; Flood control ; Floodplains ; Agriculture ; Downstream ; Rural communities ; Socioeconomic environment ; Public health ; Energy sources ; Environmental effects ; Land tenure / Kenya / Tana River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047475)
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047475.pdf
(0.82 MB)
The existing reservoirs on the River Tana (Kenya) were mainly constructed for hydropower generation, with inadequate consideration of the long-term impacts on downstream livelihoods. We investigated the impacts of the reservoirs on people’s livelihoods downstream. The results showed a few positive impacts in the vicinity of the reservoirs and numerous negative impacts downstream (i.e. reduced flood-recess agriculture and floodplain pastoralism, and escalating resource-use conflicts). Inadequate stakeholders’ consultation during reservoir development was also observed. We recommend a detailed basin-wide socioeconomic assessment for future reservoir developments and controlled flood release to simulate the natural flow regime, thereby restoring indigenous flood-based livelihoods while retaining sufficient reserves for power generation.

4 Parker, J. D. 2022. Ecologies of development: ecophilosophies and indigenous action on the Tana River. History in Africa, 32p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/hia.2022.11]
Ecological factors ; Rivers ; Economic development ; Indigenous knowledge ; Pastoral society ; Communities ; Colonialism ; Capitalism ; Ethnic groups ; Social aspects ; Political aspects ; Conflicts ; Irrigation schemes ; Floodplains / East Africa / Kenya / Tana River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051479)
https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/195C0B517750990AFC2F1C6010690310/S0361541322000110a.pdf/ecologies-of-development-ecophilosophies-and-indigenous-action-on-the-tana-river.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051479.pdf
(0.37 MB) (376 KB)
This article argues for a reorientation of African environmental history that incorporates localized ecophilosophies, racial ecologies, and environmental justice, and posits that doing so allows us to challenge the sociocultural and ecological implications of colonial and postcolonial environmental development more rigorously in East Africa. Focusing on Kenya, I argue that environmental justice-oriented histories of economic development elevate the subjectivities, cosmologies, and experiences of rural Kenyan populations rather than reducing the environment and its resources to their instrumental qualities On the Tana River, pastoral and riverine groups such as the Pokomo and Orma suffered and challenged the exigencies of water extraction in specific ways tied to their existing relationships with the local environment. By looking at the ways rural communities in arid regions framed their environmental relationships, we can begin to appreciate the specific modalities and cosmologies through which they resisted the imposition of cash crop agriculture and water development. The article demonstrates an interdisciplinary approach utilizing Black ecologies and environmental justice frameworks that restores vitality to the rural experience of imperialism and offers more rigorous critiques of global development dogmas under racial capitalism, particularly surrounding the omnipresent threat of ecocide driven by dispossession, resource extraction, toxicity, and climate change.

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