Your search found 7 records
1 Khan, A. R. 1999. An analysis of the surface water resources and water delivery systems in the Indus Basin. Lahore, Pakistan: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Pakistan National Program. iv, 66p. (IWMI Pakistan Report R-093) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.530]
Surface water ; Water allocation ; Hydrology ; River basins ; Irrigation canals ; Reservoir operation / Pakistan / Indus Basin / Kabul River / Jhelum River / Chenab River / Ravi River / Sutlej River / Kotri Barrage / Tarbela / Mangla / Chashma
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IIMI 333.91 G730 KHA Record No: H025254)
(11.16 MB)
2 Adeel, Z.; Wirsing, R. G. (Eds.) 2017. Imagining industan: overcoming water insecurity in the Indus Basin. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. 216p. (Water Security in a New World) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32845-4]
River basin management ; Water insecurity ; Water security ; International waters ; International cooperation ; Treaties ; International law ; Water supply ; Water scarcity ; Domestic water ; Water demand ; Water policy ; Water power ; Projects ; Dams ; Environmental protection ; Climate change ; Resilience ; Hydrological data ; Databases ; Economic growth ; Political aspects ; Conflict ; Modernization ; Capacity building ; International organizations ; Regional organizations ; Case studies / India / Pakistan / Afghanistan / China / Indus Basin / Kabul River / Himalayan Region / Tulbul Navigation Project / South-to-North Water Diversion Project / Wullar Barrage
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 ADE Record No: H048210)
(1.16 MB)
3 Akhtar, S. M.; Iqbal, J. 2017. Assessment of emerging hydrological, water quality issues and policy discussion on water sharing of transboundary Kabul River. Water Policy, 19(4):650-672. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2017.119]
International waters ; International cooperation ; Hydrological factors ; Water quality ; Chemical analysis ; Microbiological analysis ; Water policy ; Water resources ; Water management ; Treaties ; Conflict ; Satellite imagery ; Remote sensing ; River basins ; Flow discharge ; Flood control ; Temporal variation ; Models / Pakistan / Afghanistan / Kabul River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048231)
(1.17 MB)
Transboundary water sharing policy between Pakistan and Afghanistan along with emerging issues over the Transboundary Kabul River have been discussed incorporating long-term hydrological trend analysis, water quality issues and temporal changes in land cover/land use. The annual (1977–2015) mean river flow of 26.32 billion (109 ) cubic metres (BCM) with a range of 13.77 to 42.2 BCM and standard deviation of 6.026 BCM revealed no significant trend in annual inflow data of the Kabul River. Afghanistan planned developments in the basin were analysed in the light of reduction in the transboundary flow. Faecal coliforms, pH (7.90 to 8.06), Escherichia coli and other water quality parameters were found to be within permissible limits, however, dissolved oxygen was just above the permissible limits to sustain aquatic life. Water was found unsuitable for drinking while suitable for agriculture and aquatic life. Remote sensing data used for temporal change detection showed an increase in built-up-areas and cultivated areas along Kabul River inside Pakistan by 50 and 47%, respectively. Significant changes were observed at two locations in the river course. Insights of emerging Kabul River issues and a way forward have been discussed which could serve as the basis for formulation of adaption strategies leading to a ‘Kabul River Water Treaty’.
4 Dahri, Z. H.; Ludwig, F.; Moors, E.; Ahmad, S.; Ahmad, B.; Ahmad, S.; Riaz, M.; Kabat, P. 2021. Climate change and hydrological regime of the high-altitude Indus Basin under extreme climate scenarios. Science of the Total Environment, 768:144467. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144467]
Climate change ; Hydrological regime ; Precipitation ; Air temperature ; River basins ; Hydrometeorology ; Flow discharge ; Forecasting ; Water availability ; Glaciers ; Snow ; Models ; Uncertainty / Pakistan / India / Afghanistan / Indus Basin / Kabul River / Jhelum River / Chenab River / Karakoram Region / Hindukush Region / Himalayan Region / Kharmong Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050278)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720379985/pdfft?md5=10d2860b7d17b30bdc1e6796a0020e92&pid=1-s2.0-S0048969720379985-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050278.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050278.pdf
(6.91 MB) (6.91 MB)
Climate change is recognized as one of the greatest challenges of 21st century. This study investigated climate and hydrological regimes of the high-altitude Indus basin for the historical period and extreme scenarios of future climate during 21st century. Improved datasets of precipitation and temperature were developed and forced to a fully-distributed physically-based energy-balance Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model to simulate the water balance at regional and sub-basin scale. Relative to historical baseline, the results revealed highly contrasting signals of climate and hydrological regime changes. Against an increase of 0.6 °C during the last 40 years, the median annual air temperature is projected to increase further between 0.8 and 5.7 °C by the end of 21st century. Similarly, a decline of 11.9% in annual precipitation is recorded, but future projections are highly conflicting and spatially variable. The Karakoram region is anticipated to receive more precipitation, while SW-Hindukush and parts of W-Himalayan region may experience decline in precipitation. The Model for Interdisciplinary Research On Climate version-5 (MIROC5) generally shows increases, while Max Planck Institute Earth System Model at base resolution (MPI-ESM-LR) indicates decreases in precipitation and river inflows under three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) of 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5. Indus-Tarbela inflows are more likely to increase compared to Kabul, Jhelum and Chenab river inflows. Substantial increase in the magnitudes of peak flows and one-month earlier attainment is projected for all river gauges. High flows are anticipated to increase under most scenarios, while low flows may decrease for MPI-ESM-LR in Jhelum, Chenab and Kabul river basins. Hence, hydrological extremes are likely to be intensified. Critical modifications in the strategies and action plans for hydropower generation, construction and operation of storage reservoirs, irrigation withdrawals, flood control and drought management will be required to optimally manage water resources in the basin.
5 Nixon, R.; Ma, Z.; Zanotti, L.; Khan, B.; Birkenholtz, T.; Lee, L.; Mian, I. 2022. Adaptation to social-ecological change in northwestern Pakistan: household strategies and decision-making processes. Environmental Management, 69(5):887-905. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-021-01583-7]
Climate change adaptation ; Social aspects ; Ecological factors ; Households ; Decision making ; Livelihood diversification ; Environmental management ; Water supply ; Water quality ; Hydropower ; Economic value ; Communities ; Case studies / Pakistan / Khyber Pakhtunkhwa / Nowshera / Charssada / Swat River / Kabul River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051077)
(0.97 MB)
Values are important factors shaping people’s perceptions of social–ecological changes and the associated impacts, acceptable risk, and successful adaptation to various changes; however, little empirical work has examined how values interact to influence adaptation decision-making. We drew on 25 semi-structured interviews with community leaders, farmers, fisherfolk, and individuals in the tourism industry in northwestern Pakistan to identify types of adaptations employed by households and explore what values were present in these households’ adaptation decisions. Our results show that households frequently employed environmental management and livelihood diversification to adapt to a wide range of social–ecological change. We found that multiple values influenced household adaptation and that employing an adaptation strategy often involved a tradeoff of values. We also found that household adaptations were embedded in multi-scalar social, cultural, economic, and political processes that could constrain or conflict with such adaptations. Overall, our research illustrates the complex influence of values on household adaptation decisions and highlights the need to further understand how adaptations are aligned, or misaligned, with stakeholders’ diverse values in order to inform more equitable adaptation to social–ecological change.
6 Shams, A. K.; Muhammad, N. S. 2023. Towards sustainable transboundary water cooperation between Afghanistan and Pakistan: a case study of Kabul River. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 14(2):101842. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2022.101842]
Transboundary waters ; International waters ; Sustainable development ; Water sharing ; Agreements ; Integrated water resources management ; Downstream ; Riparian zones ; International agreements ; Treaties ; International cooperation ; Conflicts ; Water law ; Political aspects ; River basins ; Economic aspects ; Models ; Case studies / Pakistan / Afghanistan / Kabul River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051703)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090447922001538/pdfft?md5=b43d06aefc392c0ba3d8ff6ca95360cc&pid=1-s2.0-S2090447922001538-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051703.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051703.pdf
(3.55 MB) (3.55 MB)
Afghanistan has been trying hard to gradually develop its largely underused water resources. The transboundary Kabul River basin (KRB) between Afghanistan and Pakistan contributes almost one quarter to the water resources generated nationwide. Currently, there is no cooperation mechanism pertaining to KRB, despite growing demand for irrigation and hydropower particularly on the Afghan side. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review on transboundary water issues between Afghanistan and Pakistan based on geographic, hydrographic, hydrologic, historic, institutional, and political aspects. The challenges and opportunities are carefully examined, and a path forward is presented. A persistent lack of trust between upstream Afghanistan and downstream Pakistan has hindered meaningful dialogue for cooperation. Both neighbors have high stakes in cooperation given that Afghanistan’s water resources are almost 90% transboundary and Pakistan has high dependency for water resources. This study presents a cooperation framework emphasizing benefits-sharing as a principle going beyond water needs and rights.
7 Shokory, J. A. N.; Schaefli, B.; Lane, S. N. 2023. Water resources of Afghanistan and related hazards under rapid climate warming: a review. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 20p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2022.2159411]
Water resources ; Stream flow ; Climate change ; Glaciers ; Precipitation ; Evapotranspiration ; River basins ; Water availability ; Aquifers ; Water quality ; Hydrological modelling ; Drought / Afghanistan / Kabul River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051707)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/02626667.2022.2159411?needAccess=true&role=button
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051707.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051707.pdf
(11.60 MB) (11.6 MB)
Rapid climate change is impacting water resources in Afghanistan. The consequences are poorly known. Suitable mitigation and adaptation strategies have not been developed. Thus, this paper summarizes current status of knowledge in relation to Afghan water resources. More than 130 scientific articles, reports and data sources are synthesized to review the potential impacts of climate change on the cryosphere, streamflow, groundwater and hydrological extremes. The available information suggests that Afghanistan is currently witnessing significant increases in temperature, less so precipitation. There is evidence of shifts in the intra-annual distribution of streamflow, with reduced summer flows in non-glaciated basins and increased winter and spring streamflow. However, in the short-term there will be an increase in summer ice melt in glaciated basins, a “glacial subsidy”, which sustains summer streamflow, despite reduced snow accumulation. The future prognosis for water resources is likely to be more serious when this glacier subsidy ends.
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