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1 Senda, T. S.; Peden, D.; Homann-Kee Tui, S.; Sisito, G.; van Rooyen, A. F,; Sikosana, J. L. N. 2011. Gendered livelihood implications for improvements of livestock water productivity in Zimbabwe. Experimental Agriculture, 47(Supplement S1):169-181. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479710000943]

Livestock ; Ownership ; Water productivity ; Gender relations ; Woman's status ; Households ; Poverty ; Decision making ; Social aspects ; Income / Zimbabwe / Nkayi District

(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043520)

https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043520.pdf

(0.21 MB)

Scarcity, lack of access, and ineffective and inefficient use of water in Nkayi District, Zimbabwe, threaten agricultural production. The purpose of this study is to augment understanding of opportunities to increase livestock water productivity (LWP) in Nkayi District by taking into account key differences in the capacities, opportunities, and needs of women and men. There are two important types of female-headed households, de facto and de jure. The results from this study showed that male-headed and de facto and de jure female-headed households share much in common. They all had similar areas of cropland and access to education, finances, veterinary and extension services, and transportation and markets. Households of all types had similar herd sizes. All were desperately poor with incomes much less than a dollar a day. To rise out of poverty, the knowledge, skills and effort of all household heads will be needed. In spite of severe poverty, household heads of all types are literate and have sufficient education that can help enable adoption of intervention options that can lead to increased agricultural production and improved livelihoods. The results also showed that major differences exist in terms of the roles of men and women in ownership, management and decision making related to livestock keeping and animal production. Men clearly dominate in both ownership and decision making even though women play a major role in animal management. Only in de jure female-headed households were women more likely than men to own cattle and goats. They were also more likely to be involved in farming as a primary livelihood activity. Surprisingly, men were more likely to be involved in animal management in these de jure female-headed households. Women were also excluded from water users’ and livestock producers’ associations although a minority of men was members. By not involving the already-developed capacity of women, the community loses out on a significant opportunity to increase LWP and animal production more widely. Greater inclusion of women in decision making will be an important part of future efforts to improve livelihoods through livestock development.

2 van Rooyen, A. F.; Ramshaw, P.; Moyo, M.; Stirzaker, R.; Bjornlund, H. 2017. Theory and application of agricultural innovation platforms for improved irrigation scheme management in Southern Africa. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 33(5):804-823. (Special issue: The Productivity and Profitability of Small Scale Communal Irrigation Systems in South-eastern Africa). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2017.1321530]

Irrigation schemes ; Small scale systems ; Agricultural development ; Innovation ; Irrigation management ; Smallholders ; Water authorities ; Corporate culture ; Capacity building ; Markets / Southern Africa / Mozambique / Tanzania / Zimbabwe / Mkoba Irrigation Scheme / Silalatshani Irrigation Scheme / 25 de Setembro Irrigation Scheme / Khanimambo Irrigation Scheme / Kiwere Irrigation Scheme / Magozi Irrigation Scheme

(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048119)

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07900627.2017.1321530?needAccess=true#aHR0cDovL3d3dy50YW5kZm9ubGluZS5jb20vZG9pL3BkZi8xMC4xMDgwLzA3OTAwNjI3LjIwMTcuMTMyMTUzMD9uZWVkQWNjZXNzPXRydWVAQEAw
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048119.pdf

(2.38 MB) (2.38 MB)

Many small-scale irrigation systems are characterized by low yields and deteriorating infrastructure. Interventions often erroneously focus on increasing yields and rehabilitating infrastructure. Small-scale irrigation systems have many of the characteristics of complex socio-ecological systems, with many different actors and numerous interconnected subsystems. However, the limited interaction between the different subsystems and their agents prevents learning and the emergence of more beneficial outcomes. This article reports on using Agricultural Innovation Platforms to create an environment in which irrigation scheme actors can engage, experiment, learn and build adaptive capacity to increase market-related offtake and move out of poverty.

3 Parry, K.; van Rooyen, A. F.; Bjornlund, H.; Kissoly, L.; Moyo, M.; de Sousa, W. 2020. The importance of learning processes in transitioning small-scale irrigation schemes. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 36(S1):S199-S223. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2020.1767542]

Irrigation schemes ; Small scale systems ; Agricultural innovation systems ; Innovation platforms ; Learning activities ; Government managed irrigation systems ; Irrigation practices ; Agricultural research for development ; Stakeholders ; Farmers ; Training ; Knowledge ; Monitoring ; Social aspects ; Households / Africa South of Sahara / Mozambique / United Republic of Tanzania / Zimbabwe

(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050067)

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/07900627.2020.1767542?needAccess=true
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050067.pdf

(1.51 MB) (1.51 MB)

Many small-scale irrigation schemes are dysfunctional, and learning, innovation and evaluation are required to facilitate sustainable transitions. Using quantitative and qualitative data from five irrigation schemes in sub-Saharan Africa, we analyze how learning and change arose in response to: soil monitoring tools, which triggered a deep learning cycle; and agricultural innovation platforms, which helped develop a social learning system. Knowledge generation and innovation were driven by the incentives of more profitable farming. Learning and change spread to farmers without the tools, and learning at different levels resulted in extension and governance stakeholders facilitating profound institutional change.