Your search found 9 records
1 Carlino, A.; Wildemeersch, M.; Chawanda, C. J.; Giuliani, M.; Sterl, S.; Thiery, W.; van Griensven, A.; Castelletti, A. 2023. Declining cost of renewables and climate change curb the need for African hydropower expansion. Science, 381(6658):eadf5848. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adf5848]
Climate change ; Hydropower ; Energy generation ; Energy demand ; River basins ; Water availability ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Models ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Energy security / Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052117)
(1.24 MB)
Across continental Africa, more than 300 new hydropower projects are under consideration to meet the future energy demand that is expected based on the growing population and increasing energy access. Yet large uncertainties associated with hydroclimatic and socioeconomic changes challenge hydropower planning. In this work, we show that only 40 to 68% of the candidate hydropower capacity in Africa is economically attractive. By analyzing the African energy systems’ development from 2020 to 2050 for different scenarios of energy demand, land-use change, and climate impacts on water availability, we find that wind and solar outcompete hydropower by 2030. An additional 1.8 to 4% increase in annual continental investment ensures reliability against future hydroclimatic variability. However, cooperation between countries is needed to overcome the divergent spatial distribution of investment costs and potential energy deficits.
2 Shah, Muhammad Azeem Ali; Lautze, Jonathan; Meelad, A. (Eds.) 2023. Afghanistan–Pakistan shared waters: state of the basins. Wallingford, UK: CABI. 184p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1079/9781800622371.0000]
Transboundary waters ; Water sharing ; River basin management ; Water resources ; International cooperation ; Water security ; Sustainability ; Surface water ; Groundwater ; Agricultural water use ; Water management ; Water quality ; Irrigation ; Land use ; Socioeconomic development ; Demography ; Poverty ; Human health ; Food security ; Livelihoods ; Employment ; Economic growth ; Energy security ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Climate change ; Precipitation ; Temperature ; Climate prediction ; Trends ; Hydrology ; Water governance ; Water policies ; Water law ; Legislation ; Institutions ; Reservoirs ; Hydropower / Afghanistan / Pakistan / Kabul River Basin / Kurram River Basin / Gomal River Basin / Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052166)
https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/epdf/10.1079/9781800622371.0000
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052166.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052166.pdf
(43.90 MB) (43.9 MB)
There is currently no water cooperation between Afghanistan and Pakistan. Of the nine rivers that flow across the border, none possess a formal agreement or mechanism to manage shared water resources. Further, there is very little information available about the status of environment, hydrology and water resources management for these river basins that could be used as a starting point for dialogues on transboundary water coordination. This State of the Basins book co-develops an overview of the three most important river basins, in collaboration with international experts and water professionals from Afghanistan and Pakistan. It covers water resources, land resources, ecological health, environment, climate change, and the social and economic conditions for sustainable management of these precious resources. It will inform decision making within the two countries, and begin to establish benefits that can accrue from more active collaboration on these shared waters. This book: Focuses on portions of the Indus shared by Afghanistan and Pakistan. Features extensive engagement and co-development with Afghan and Pakistani professionals. Is the first book on the shared waters in the Indus, developed in the context of regional realities associated with post-August 2021 Taliban takeover. The book is aimed at students and researchers in water rights and resources, and government decision makers, private sector investors, donors, intermediary organizations that work directly with farmers, researchers and students. It is a reference book for graduate students and researchers working on these basins, and on transboundary river basin management in Asia and beyond.
3 Jain, S. K.; Sikka, Alok K.; Alam, Mohammad Faiz. 2023. Water-energy-food-ecosystem nexus in India—A review of relevant studies, policies, and programmes. Frontiers in Water, 5:1128198. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1128198]
Water resources ; Energy security ; Food security ; Ecosystems ; Nexus approaches ; Policies ; Programmes ; Government ; Water security ; Sustainable Development Goals / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052238)
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frwa.2023.1128198/pdf?isPublishedV2=False
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052238.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052238.pdf
(1.41 MB) (1.41 MB)
Current approaches for utilization of resources in water-energy-food-ecosystem (WEFE) sectors appear to be unsustainable and sub-optimal because of silo-based approaches that ignore interconnectedness across these interdependent sectors. A nexus approach that considers the interactions and interdependence among the sectors helps overcome weaknesses of silo-based approaches to better address synergies and trade-offs. This paper discusses the concept of the WEFE nexus-based approach for achieving water, energy, food, and environment security in India and presents a review of recent relevant literature. The paper critically reviews the key Indian government policies and programmes in the WEFE sector to assess the synergies and trade-offs among them. More than ˜ 40 programmes across WEFE sectors were studied to understand the efforts underway in these sectors to attain the respective policy goals. Although the implementation of the nexus concept will depend upon the enabling government policies and programmes, we find that discussions on these aspects are missing in the literature. Our review shows that the policies of different sectors give inadequate consideration to the impacts of decisions on the other related sectors. Although the various programmes are appreciably contributing to the policy goals and security for respective sectors, there are significant overlaps among the programmes which could positively or negatively impact other sector(s). There is a need to quantify the trade-offs by using an integrated approach including modeling with the WEFE nexus lens. The study also discusses the key challenges and barriers in implementing the nexus concept in India and how to overcome them.
4 Simpson, G. B.; Jewitt, G. P. W.; Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe; Taguta, C.; Badenhorst, J. 2023. An African perspective on the water-energy-food nexus. Scientific Reports, 13:16842. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-43606-9]
Water resources ; Energy security ; Food security ; Nexus approaches ; Assessment ; Development indicators ; Policies ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Food production ; Freshwater / Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052321)
(1.52 MB) (1.52 MB)
There is a need to address resource security and distributional justice in developing countries. People need water, energy, and food to sustain their livelihoods, grow economies, and achieve sustainable development. The interactions between these resource sectors form the crux of water-energy-food (WEF) nexus assessments. In this study, we have utilised the WEF Nexus Index to analyse the WEF nexus of 54 African nations. The results from the analysis were used to illustrate the opportunities and constraints for future development. Generally, African countries are performing sub-optimally in the WEF Nexus Index due to the insecurity of water, energy and/or food. The performance of countries varies with context, highlighting the need for contextual analysis in identifying challenges and potential solutions. Implementation of interventions for achieving WEF security needs to be planned from an integrated perspective to optimise synergies and minimize trade-offs. Implementation of the WEF nexus approach towards simultaneous security of WEF resources has potential to improve the WEF nexus. For example and for many African countries, policies that undergird investments in energy supply projects are needed to unlock available freshwater resources and meet food requirements—energy is shown to be a critical enabler of development. Such projects can be utilised to enhance the ability of farmers to manage water through drought-proofing rainfed agriculture, an increase in irrigation development, or both. WEF nexus-based studies, policies, and projects must be focused on the direct and indirect achievement of SDGs 1, 2, 6, 7, and 13, both in terms of access and availability, to ensure distributional justice, especially in the African context. Such actions, combined with broad public participation, can have a ripple effect on other SDGs such as SDGs 5, 10, and 17, thereby reducing inequalities and building partnerships to attain these aspirational goals. The assessment of Africa’s relatively low scores in terms of the WEF Nexus Index does not represent a negative narrative. Instead, it provides an entry point to identifying hotspots and understanding the underlying challenges, through which more detailed analyses can lead to identified solutions and policies. Many African countries are trapped in an environment that could be termed a ‘poverty-unemployment-inequality nexus’ (due to the interlinkages that exist between these ‘wicked’ problems). The WEF Nexus Index provides high-level insights into these opportunities.
5 CGIAR Initiative on NEXUS Gains. 2023. Initiative overview. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Initiative on NEXUS Gains. 12p.
Water security ; Energy security ; Agrifood systems ; Nexus approaches ; Food security ; Water resources ; Water management ; Sustainability ; Transformation ; Nutrition security ; Transboundary waters ; Water productivity ; Water storage ; River basins ; Ecosystems ; Biodiversity ; Innovation ; Governance ; Capacity development ; Women / Central Asia / South Asia / East Africa / Southern Africa / Aral Sea Basin / Ganges Basin / Indus Basin / Blue Nile Basin / Limpopo Basin / Incomati Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052471)
(5.90 MB)
6 Wang, J.; Zhou, H.; Tso, G. K. F.; Hsun, C. P.; Tua, C.; Zheng, T. 2023. Integrated safety assessment of water-energy-food systems based on improved substance element extensions. Journal of Water and Climate Change, jwc2023343. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2023.343]
Water resources ; Energy consumption ; Energy security ; Food security ; Food systems ; Evaluation ; Indicators / China / Beijing / Tianjin / Hebei
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052369)
https://iwaponline.com/jwcc/article-pdf/doi/10.2166/wcc.2023.343/1337783/jwc2023343.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052369.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052369.pdf
(0.56 MB) (568 KB)
To explore the integrated security of water-energy-food system, 26 indicators were selected from six aspects: water security, energy security, food security, water-energy system security, water-energy system security, energy-food system security; the frequency analysis method was used to construct the integrated security evaluation index system for water-energy-food systems. Then, the matter-element expansion model was refined and used to assess the overall security of the water, energy and food system in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The evaluation metrics used to assess the overall security of water, energy, and food system were examined and researched from two dimensions: time and space. This model adequately represents the overall security of the water-energy-food system, as demonstrated by empirical studies. Comparisons are made between the evaluation results of the modified model and those of the conventional matter-element inflationary model, confirming the feasibility and validity of the modified model. Finally, the main factors affecting the security of the water-energy-food system in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region are discussed using the index weight and obstacle degree model. Relevant suggestions are also provided to enhance the security of the water-energy-food system.
7 Durga, Neha; Schmitter, Petra; Ringler, C.; Mishra, Shrishti; Magombeyi, Manuel S.; Ofosu, Abena; Pavelic, Paul; Hagos, Fitsum; Melaku, Dagmawi; Verma, Shilp; Minh, Thai; Matambo, Chamunorwa. 2024. Barriers to the uptake of solar-powered irrigation by smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review. Energy Strategy Reviews, 51:101294. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2024.101294]
Solar powered irrigation systems ; Irrigation development ; Energy security ; Poverty alleviation ; Barriers ; Smallholders ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Groundwater ; Pumps / Africa South of Sahara / Ethiopia / Kenya / Ghana / South Africa / Zimbabwe
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052554)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211467X24000014/pdfft?md5=96090509a659ba087e284cb4b29f18e7&pid=1-s2.0-S2211467X24000014-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052554.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052554.pdf
(0.86 MB) (884 KB)
Irrigation expansion is critical for agricultural and rural development, food and nutrition security, and climate change adaptation in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Lack of accessible energy for irrigation development due to limited off- and on-grid infrastructure and the resulting dependence on costly fuel-based irrigation have been key inhibiting factors for irrigation expansion in the region. Off-grid solar-powered irrigation pumps (SIPs) can overcome many of the energy access and other challenges in the region, but their uptake has been slow. Given the nascent development of the solar irrigation sector in SSA, this paper combines a review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature with key informant interviews to identify systemic barriers to the adoption and growth of solar-powered irrigation. We identify uncovered risks, lack of incentives, and lack of capacity as the key factors limiting the adoption of solar-powered irrigation. Moreover, despite significant global cost reductions, solar-powered irrigation systems remain costly in SSA due to limited market development and geographical constraints. Lack of regulation and low investment in building local institutions and value chains further affect uptake and inhibit leveraging the energy transition for ensuring food security and agriculture-led poverty alleviation in SSA. We propose a move away from thinking of SIPs as “silver bullets” and towards a systems approach and the design of context-specific solutions to address risks, incentives and capacity challenges.
8 Newman, R. J. S.; Capitani, C.; Haji, T.; Nchimbi, A.; Enns, C.; Marchant, R. A. 2024. Community-centred scenarios development for water–energy–food security on Zanzibar. Sustainability Science, 19(2):575-593. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-023-01443-9]
Climate change ; Sustainability ; Livelihoods ; Ecosystems ; Nexus approaches ; Land use ; Land cover ; Local knowledge ; Local communities ; Food security ; Energy security ; Participatory approaches ; Population growth ; Tourism ; Infrastructure ; Communities ; Renewable energy ; Pipes ; Wells ; Water security ; Vulnerability / United Republic of Tanzania / Small Island Developing States / United Republic of Tanzania, Zanzibar / Unguja / Pemba
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052539)
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11625-023-01443-9.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052539.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052539.pdf
(5.06 MB) (5.06 MB)
Small developing islands demonstrate strong social–ecological interactions as well as a high level of exposure to climate-related effects, which can result in intense land use pressures. Scenario methodologies are useful for reflecting on how competing pressures interact when planning for a more sustainable future. In small islands, local knowledge is integral to the development of scenarios because of the close connection between people and local environments. However, local communities are often underrepresented in scenario development processes. This study provides a methodological example of how local knowledge can be used to create scenario themes. Ten community participatory workshops were hosted on Zanzibar (n = 142), where a water–energy–food framework was used to examine impacts of environmental change on resource security. Major drivers of land use and land cover change affecting water–energy–food security were identified; these include population growth, development and climate change. Solutions to observed challenges formed three coherent scenario themes, centred on adaptation, ecosystem health and sustainable settlements. Findings support the idea that communities need space to frame their resource challenges for sustainability planning to work at the appropriate scale.
9 Pokharel, P.; Regmi, R. K. 2024. Climate change and hydropower resilience in Nepal: an integrated modeling approach in the Madi River Basin. H2Open Journal, 7(2):199-221. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/h2oj.2024.110]
Climate change ; Hydropower ; Hydroelectric power generation ; Resilience ; Models ; Hydroclimatology ; Stream flow ; Energy security ; Renewable energy ; Precipitation ; Water management / Nepal / Madi River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052760)
https://iwaponline.com/h2open/article-pdf/7/2/199/1396837/h2oj0070199.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052760.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052760.pdf
(1.41 MB) (1.41 MB)
Responding to Nepal's hydropower sector's vulnerability to climate change, this study investigates its impact on energy security, focusing on the Madi River Basin's river systems. This study conducted a rigorous analysis of the basin's historical and future hydroclimatic trends, using the linear scaling method to correct inherent biases in 13 GCMs, resulting in the selection of 6 BCMs with above-satisfactory performance. Future projections reveal an increase in annual precipitation with a higher increment in SSP585 by the end of the century, and a temperature rise ranging from 1.8 to 3.5 °C from the baseline in the far future under moderate- to high-emission scenarios. These hydroclimatic projections are then forced into the calibrated soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model with very good performance (both R2 and NSE greater than 0.8). The streamflow projection demonstrates an overall increasing trend, marked by significant flow reduction in early months and pronounced monsoon peaks. The analysis of three distinct hydropower projects reveals unique challenges and opportunities, underscoring the heterogeneous nature of projects and the need for location-specific planning and strategic management. This study provides crucial insights for sustainable development in renewable energy, laying the foundation for future research and policy in similar hydroclimatic settings.
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