Your search found 5 records
1 Vermeulen, S.; Zougmore, R.; Wollenberg, E.; Thornton, P.; Nelson, G.; Kristjanson, P.; Kinyangi, J.; Jarvis, A.; Hansen, J.; Challinor, A.; Campbell, B.; Aggarwal, Pramod. 2012. Climate change, agriculture and food security: a global partnership to link research and action for low-income agricultural producers and consumers. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 4(1):128-133. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2011.12.004]
Climate change ; Food security ; Agricultural production ; Consumers ; Low income groups ; Research programmes
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045818)
(0.50 MB)
To achieve food security for many in low-income and middle income countries for whom this is already a challenge, especially with the additional complications of climate change, will require early investment to support smallholder farming systems and the associated food systems that supply poor consumers. We need both local and global policy-linked research to accelerate sharing of lessons on institutions, practices and technologies for adaptation and mitigation. This strategy paper brie y outlines how the Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) of the Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centres (CGIAR) is working across research disciplines, organisational mandates, and spatial and temporal levels to assist immediate and longer-term policy actions.
2 Baker, L.; de Zeeuw, H. 2015. Urban food policies and programmes: an overview. In de Zeeuw, H.; Drechsel, Pay (Eds.). Cities and agriculture: developing resilient urban food systems. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.26-55.
Urbanization ; Food policy ; Food production ; Agricultural production ; Municipal governments ; Households ; Low income groups ; Farmers ; Public health
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047255)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/Books/PDF/cities_and_agriculture-developing_resilient_urban_food_systems.pdf
http://www.ruaf.org/sites/default/files/2.%20Urban%20food%20policies.compressed.pdf
http://www.ruaf.org/sites/default/files/2.%20Urban%20food%20policies.compressed.pdf
(50.6 MB)
3 Mukherjee, M.; Chindarkar, N.; Gronwall, J. 2015. Non-revenue water and cost recovery in urban India: the case of Bangalore. Water Policy, 17(3):484-501. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.304]
Water supply ; Urban areas ; Water costs ; Cost recovery ; Pricing ; Households ; Domestic water ; Water users ; User charges ; Low income groups ; Tube wells ; Socioeconomic environment ; Case studies / India / Bangalore / Halsoor / Hebbal / Vijinapura / Kengeri / Shettihalli / Bellanduru
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047403)
(0.28 MB)
This paper examines the issue of non-revenue water (NRW) in urban India, taking the city of Bangalore as a case study. Using empirical evidence from a survey conducted among 601 low-income households in Bangalore, we investigate the major sources of NRW for water utilities and propose policy recommendations based on the analysis. Our key finding is that public stand posts and public wells, which supply free water, are a non-trivial source of NRW. In addition, we find that revenue generation from metered tap connections is sub-optimal. Further, we observe potential revenue being shifted away from the public water utilities toward private providers, as several households pay for water obtained from neighbours, tankers, or other private sources. Drawing upon our findings, we propose a new tariff structure for urban water utilities to consider. We also review the implementation of prepayment metering for public stand posts in other developing countries and its feasibility in Bangalore.
4 Acey, C.; Kisiangani, J.; Ronoh, P.; Delaire, C.; Makena, E.; Norman, G.; Levine, D.; Khush, R.; Peletz, R. 2019. Cross-subsidies for improved sanitation in low income settlements: assessing the willingness to pay of water utility customers in Kenyan cities. World Development, 115:160-177. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.11.006]
Water supply ; Willingness to pay ; Low income groups ; Sanitation ; Water users ; Urban areas ; Financing ; User charges ; Subsidies ; Contingent valuation ; Stakeholders ; Socioeconomic environment ; Econometric models / Kenya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049152)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X18304108/pdfft?md5=7a01086b63257e4fa7068d76e5874750&pid=1-s2.0-S0305750X18304108-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049152.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049152.pdf
(1.08 MB) (1.08 MB)
Most residents of the developing world do not have access to safely managed sanitation services, and large financial investments are required to address this need. Here we evaluate surcharges on water/sewerage tariffs as an option for supporting these investments in low-income neighborhoods. We investigated willingness-to-pay (WTP) for a pro-poor sanitation surcharge among customers of two urban water utilities in Kenya. Applying qualitative and quantitative methods, we conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews, focus-group discussions, and a double-bounded contingent valuation method for measuring WTP. We varied scenarios quasi-experimentally to study the effects of messaging and surcharge characteristics and evaluated factors associated with WTP. Our study finds that mean WTP was 290 KES (USD 2.9) per month, about 8% of the average water bill; median WTP was 100 KES (USD 1). In a multivariate analysis, WTP was significantly higher among customers that were younger, wealthier, shared toilets, and had higher water bills. WTP was also higher among customers that trusted the utility and distrusted the county government. Of our randomized scenarios, only the bill type was found to significantly influence WTP; WTP was higher if the surcharge was presented as a proportion of the customers’ last water bill vs a flat amount. Our findings suggest that in a sector that struggles to provide universal access to sanitation services, cross-subsidies may offer a means to support financing of safe sanitation for low-income households. These results indicate there are opportunities for cross-subsidies in urban Kenya that may be relevant for a wider understanding of surcharge payments that support basic services for low-income citizens.
5 Gyapong-Korsah, B.; Duku, G. A.; Appiah-Effah, E.; Boakye, K.; Dwumfour-Asare, B.; Essandoh, H. M. K.; Nyarko, K. B. 2023. Greywater generation and reuse among residents of low-income urban settlements in the Oforikrom Municipal Assembly, Ghana. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, washdev2023009. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2023.009]
Wastewater ; Water reuse ; Low income groups ; Biological settlement ; Communities ; Households ; Water supply / Ghana / Ashanti / oforikrom / Kumasi / Ayeduase / Twumduase
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052113)
https://iwaponline.com/washdev/article-pdf/doi/10.2166/washdev.2023.009/1273750/washdev2023009.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052113.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052113.pdf
(0.64 MB) (656 KB)
Greywater management in Ghana has yet to receive the needed attention even though its current generation and reuse practices pose severe environmental and public health concerns, including odour nuisance, groundwater pollution, and risks from pathogens. This study examined the current greywater generation and reuse patterns among low-income urban residents in Kumasi, Ghana. Data were collected from three communities (Ayeduase, Kotei, and Twumduase) through cluster sampling, and a total of 458 questionnaires were administered to households. The average amount of greywater generated for various activities in low-income urban settlements was 53.7 l/c/d. The results showed that greywater reuse is not common among the study participants, but those who reuse it prefer laundry to kitchen and bathroom greywater. The proportion of greywater reuse was estimated at 20.1%, with 2.6, 0.9, and 17.9% of households reusing greywater from the kitchen, bathroom, and laundry, respectively. Factors that significantly influenced greywater reuse included age, the community of residence, and the type of house. The study suggests that increased education and awareness about greywater treatment, reuse, and impacts in low-income urban communities could lead to increased participation in its management.
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