Your search found 33 records
1 McCartney, Matthew P.; Shiferaw, A.; Seleshi, Y. 2008. Estimating environmental flow requirements downstream of the Chara Chara weir on the Blue Nile River. In Abtew, W.; Melesse, A. M. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Workshop on Hydrology and Ecology of the Nile River Basin under Extreme Conditions, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 16-19 June 2008. Sandy, UT, USA: Aardvark Global Publishing. pp.57-75.
Water management ; River basin management ; Ecology ; Rivers ; Environmental flows ; Environmental effects ; Downstream ; Weirs ; Hydrology ; Models ; Ecosystems ; Water power / Africa / Ethiopia / Sudan / Blue Nile River / Abay River / Chara Chara Weir / Lake Tana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 577.64 G100 MCC Record No: H041346)
(1.27 MB)
Over the last decade flow in the Abay River (i.e., the Blue Nile) has been modified by operation of the Chara Chara weir and diversions to the Tis Abay hydropower stations, located downstream of the rivers source, Lake Tana. The most conspicuous impact of these human interventions has been significantly reduced flows over the Tis Issat Falls. This paper presents the findings of a hydrological study conducted to estimate environmental flow requirements downstream of the weir. The South African desktop reserve model was used to determine both high and low flow requirements in the reach containing the Falls. The results indicate that to maintain the basic ecological functioning in this reach requires an average annual allocation of 862 Mm3 (i.e. equivalent to 22% of the mean annual flow). Under natural conditions there was considerable seasonal variation, but the absolute minimum mean monthly allocation, even in dry years, should not be less than approximately 10 Mm3 (i.e. 3.7 m3s-1). These estimates make no allowance for maintaining the aesthetic quality of the Falls, which are popular with tourists. The study demonstrated that, in the absence of ecological information, hydrological indices can be used to provide a first estimate of environmental water requirements. However, to ensure proper management, much greater understanding of the relationships between flow and the ecological condition of the riverine ecosystem is needed.
2 Shiferaw, A.; McCartney, Matthew; Seleshi, Y.; Woldu, Z. 2008. Impacts of the Chara Chara Weir and environmental implications at the source of the Blue Nile River, Ethiopia. In Humphreys, E.; Bayot, R. S.; van Brakel, M.; Gichuki, F.; Svendsen, M.; Wester, P.; Huber-Lee, A.; Cook, S. Douthwaite, B.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Johnson, N.; Nguyen-Khoa, Sophie; Vidal, A.; MacIntyre, I.; MacIntyre, R. (Eds.). Fighting poverty through sustainable water use: proceedings of the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food, 2nd International Forum on Water and Food, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 10-14 November 2008. Vol.3. Water benefits sharing for poverty alleviation and conflict management; Drivers and processes of change. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. pp.75-78.
River basins ; Flow ; Weirs ; Dams ; Benefits ; Environmental impact assessment ; Social impact / Ethiopia / Blue Nile River / Tis Issat Falls / Chara Chara Weir / Lake Tana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G000 HUM Record No: H041680)
http://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/3708/IFWF2_proceedings_Volume%20III.pdf?sequence=1
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041680.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041680.pdf
3 Shiferraw, A.; McCartney, Matthew. 2008. Investigating environmental flow requirements at the source of the Blue Nile River. Paper presented at the International Nile Basin Development Forum, Khartoum, Sudan, 3-5 November 2008. 14p.
Lakes ; Rivers ; Flow ; Hydrology ; Ecosystems ; Ecology ; Water allocation ; Weirs ; Water power ; Models / Ethiopia / Lake Tana / Blue Nile River / Abay River / Chara Chara Weir / Tis Abay Hydropower Station / Tis Issat Falls
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041853)
(0.06 MB) (0.06 MB)
4 McCartney, Matthew; Shiferaw, A.; Seleshi, Y. 2009. Estimating environmental flow requirements downstream of the Chara Chara weir on the Blue Nile River. Hydrological Processes, 23:3751-3758. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7254]
Rivers ; Flow ; Ecosystems ; Dams ; Benefits ; Hydrology ; River basin management ; Models ; Environmental flows ; Water power ; Electrical energy ; Electricity supplies ; Water allocation / Ethiopia / Blue Nile River / Chara Chara weir / Tis Abay hydropower stations / Bahar Dar city / Tis Issat Falls / Lake Tana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042242)
(0.20 MB)
Over the last decade, flow in the Abay River (i.e. the Blue Nile) has been modified by operation of the Chara Chara weir and diversions to the Tis Abay hydropower stations, located downstream. The most conspicuous impact of these human interventions is significantly reduced flows over the Tis Issat Falls. This paper presents the findings of a hydrological study conducted to estimate environmental flow requirements downstream of the weir. The Desktop Reserve Model (DRM) was used to determine both high and low flow requirements in the reach containing the Falls. The results indicate that to maintain the basic ecological functioning in this reach requires an average annual allocation of 862 Mm3 (i.e. equivalent to 22% of the mean annual flow). Under natural conditions there was a considerable seasonal variation, but the absolute minimum mean monthly allocation, even in dry years, should not be less than approximately 10 Mm3 (i.e. 3Ð7 m3 s1). These estimates make no allowance for maintaining the aesthetic quality of the Falls, which are popular with tourists. The study demonstrated that, in the absence of ecological information, hydrological indices can be used to provide a preliminary estimate of environmental flow requirements. However, to ensure proper management, much greater understanding of the relationships between flow and the ecological condition of the river ecosystem is needed.
5 Dumont, H. J. (Ed.) 2009. The Nile: origin, environments, limnology and human use. New York, NY, USA: Springer. 818p. (Monographiae Biologicae, Vol. 89)
River basins ; History ; Ecology ; Ecosystems ; Hydrology ; Natural resources ; Climate ; Limnology ; Biodiversity ; Water quality ; Water pollution ; Bacteria ; Viruses ; Lakes ; Plankton ; Zooplankton ; Phytoplankton ; Fish ; Fisheries ; Benthos ; Crustacea ; Mollusca ; Aquatic plants ; Aquatic insects ; Birds ; Water law / Africa / Ethiopia / Egypt / Sudan / Uyganda / Kenya / Nile River Basin / Rift Valley / Lake Tana / Blue Nile / White Nile / Lake Nasser / Lake Nubia / Lake Kyoga / Lake Victoria / Lake Albert / Lake Turkana / Lake Manzala / Chad Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 577.64 G100 DUM Record No: H042456)
6 Alemayehu, T.; McCartney, Matthew; Kebede, S. 2009. Simulation of water resource development and environmental flows in the Lake Tana Sub basin. In Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Erkossa, Teklu; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Fernando, Ashra (Comps.). Improved water and land management in the Ethiopian highlands: its impact on downstream stakeholders dependent on the Blue Nile. Intermediate Results Dissemination Workshop held at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 5-6 February 2009. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.23-37.
Lakes ; Water resources development ; Environmental flows ; Simulation models ; Irrigation schemes ; Water power ; Water demand / Ethiopia / Lake Tana / Chara Chara Weir
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.9162 G100 AWU Record No: H042505)
(0.50 MB)
Lake Tana is a natural reservoir for the Blue Nile River which has huge potential for hydropower and irrigation development. Water resource development is being encouraged by the government to stimulate economic growth and reduce poverty. In this study, the Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) model was used to simulate planned hydropower and irrigation development scenarios. Simulation of water demand and estimated downstream environmental flows was conducted for a 36-year period of varying flow and rainfall. Based on the simulation results, water availability for the different proposed irrigation and hydropower schemes was determined. The likely impact of future water resource development on water levels of the lake was assessed based on the simulation results of three development scenarios. The simulation results revealed that, if the full future development occurs, on average, 2,207 GWhy-1 of power could be generated and 548 Mm3y-1 of water could be supplied to irrigation schemes. However, the mean annual water level of the lake would be lowered by 0.33 meters (m) with a consequent decrease of 23 km2 in the average surface area of the lake. Besides having adverse ecological impacts, this would also have significant implications for shipping and the livelihoods of many local people.
7 Zegeye, A. D.; Tebebu, T. Y.; Abiy, A. Z.; Dahlke, H. E.; White, E. D.; Collick, A. S.; Kidnau, S.; Dadgari, F.; McCartney, Matthew; Steenhuis, T. S. 2009. Assessment of hydrological and landscape controls on gully formation and upland erosion near Lake Tana. In Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Erkossa, Teklu; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Fernando, Ashra (Comps.). Improved water and land management in the Ethiopian highlands: its impact on downstream stakeholders dependent on the Blue Nile. Intermediate Results Dissemination Workshop held at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 5-6 February 2009. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.162-169.
Hydrology ; Water erosion ; Highlands ; Watersheds ; Simulation models / Africa / Ethiopia / Gilgil Abay Basin / Debre-Mewi Watershed / Lake Tana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.9162 G100 AWU Record No: H042516)
(0.62 MB)
Gully formation and upland erosion were studied in the Debre-Mewi Watershed in the Gilgil Abay Basin south of Lake Tana. Gully erosion rates were found to be equivalent to over 500 tonnes/ha/year for the 2008 rainy season when averaged over the contributing watershed. Upland erosion rates were twentyfold less. Gully formation is accelerated when the soils are saturated with water as indicated by water table readings above bottom of the gully. Similarly, upland erosion was accelerated when the fields were close to saturation during the occurrence of a rainfall event. Height of the water table is an important parameter determining the amount of erosion and should, therefore, be included in simulation models.
8 Alemayehu, B.; Hagos, Fitsum; Haileslassie, A.; Mapedza, Everisto; Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Peden, D.; Tafesse, T. 2009. Prospect of payments for environmental services in the Blue Nile Basin: examples from Koga and Gumera watersheds, Ethiopia. In Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Erkossa, Teklu; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Fernando, Ashra (Comps.). Improved water and land management in the Ethiopian highlands: its impact on downstream stakeholders dependent on the Blue Nile. Intermediate Results Dissemination Workshop held at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 5-6 February 2009. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.254-280.
River basin management ; Watershed management ; Land management ; Households ; Farmers attitudes ; Economic aspects / Africa / Ethiopia / Blue Nile River Basin / Koga Watershed / Gumera Watershed / Lake Tana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.9162 G100 AWU Record No: H042521)
(0.68 MB)
In transboundary river basins, like the Blue Nile, conflicts over the use of water resources are growing and recent advances in sustainable resource management recognizes the need for approaches that coordinate activities of people dependent on a common resource-base to realize sustainability and equity. Payments for Environmental Services (PES) are a component of a new and more direct conservation paradigm and an emerging concept to finance conservation programs by fostering dialogue between upstream and downstream land users. Those kinds of approach are particularly useful if applied in basins where irrigation schemes are emerging and the service life of reservoir and irrigation canals, in downstream areas are threatened by the sediments moved from upstream region. Here we report the results of our study on the determinants of Willingness to Pay (WTP) and Willingness to Compensate (WTC) for improved land and water management practices in the Blue Nile Basin (Gumera and Koga watersheds). A total of 325 sample households were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique, and a structured and pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data from the sample households. We applied Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to elicit WTP using monetary and material payment vehicles. Our results showed that more households are willing to pay in labor than in cash. The mean WTP for improved land and water management was estimated at US$1.06 and US$1.3 months-1 household-1 for upstream and downstream farmers, respectively. Besides, 83.56% of the sample farm households showed WTC the upstream farmers in cash. However, the aggregate WTP falls far short of the estimated investment cost needed for ecosystem restoration. Among others, the number of livestock, size of arable land, access to education and credit by the sample farm households were identified to positively influence sample farmers’ WTP for restoration of ecosystem services and downstream farmers’ WTC for improved ecosystem regulation services. Therefore, institutions and policy measures that enhance environmental education, reduce poverty and foster stakeholders’ cooperation must be promoted. Prospect of Payments for Environmental Services in the Blue Nile Basin: Examples from Koga and Gumera Watersheds.
9 McCartney, Matthew. 2009. Improved planning of large dam operation: using decision support systems to optimize livelihood benefits, safeguard health and protect the environment. CPWF project report, project number 36. Project completion report submitted to the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF) Secretariat, December, 2009. 77p.
Dams ; Planning ; Operations ; Decision making ; Stakeholders ; Decision support tools ; Environmental impact assessment ; Social impact ; Environmental flows ; Malaria ; Mosquitoes ; Case studies ; Surveys ; Public health ; Farmers ; Irrigation schemes / Africa / Ethiopia / Nile River Basin / Lake Tana / Chara Chara Weir / Koga Dam
(Location: IWMI HQ Record No: H042678)
http://www.dfid.gov.uk/r4d/PDF/Outputs/WaterfoodCP/PN36_IWMI_ProjectReport_Dec09.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042678.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042678.pdf
(1.44 MB)
This project was undertaken with the aim of providing information to assist policy-makers, water resource managers and other interested stakeholders in the planning and management of large dams in Africa. The project highlighted the importance of considering environmental and social (including health) issues in dam planning and operation and illustrated how contemporary Decision Support Systems can be used to assist decision making processes. Key project findings relate to: i) the importance of stakeholder involvement in decision-making and how to enhance it; ii) the effectiveness of EIA follow-up; iii) the malaria implications of large dam construction; iv) the simulation of environmental impacts of large dam development and v) estimates of environmental flows. Guidelines on the use of DSS for key aspects of dam planning and operation have been developed.
This project was a collaboration of three institutions: Addis-Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Southern Waters, Cape Town, South Africa; International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Regional office for the Nile Basin and East Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
This project was a collaboration of three institutions: Addis-Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Southern Waters, Cape Town, South Africa; International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Regional office for the Nile Basin and East Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
10 Rientjes, T. H. M.; Perera, B. U. J.; Haile, A. T.; Reggiani, P.; Muthuwatta, Lal P. 2011. Regionalisation for lake level simulation - the case of Lake Tana in the Upper Blue Nile, Ethiopia. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 15(4):1167-1183. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1167-2011]
Lakes ; Water balance ; Catchment areas ; Rainfall-runoff relationships ; Simulation models ; Regression analysis ; Calibrations / Ethiopia / Blue Nile River / Lake Tana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043860)
http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/15/1167/2011/hess-15-1167-2011.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043860.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043860.pdf
(1.82 MB) (1.81MB)
In this study lake levels of Lake Tana are simulated at daily time step by solving the water balance for all inflow and outflow processes. Since nearly 62% of the Lake Tana basin area is ungauged a regionalisation procedure is applied to estimate lake inflows from ungauged catchments. The procedure combines automated multi-objective calibration of a simple conceptual model and multiple regression analyses to establish relations between model parameters and catchment characteristics. A relatively small number of studies are presented on Lake Tana’s water balance. In most studies the water balance is solved at monthly time step and the water balance is simply closed by runoff contributions from ungauged catchments. Studies partly relied on simple ad-hoc procedures of area comparison to estimate runoff from ungauged catchments. In this study a regional model is developed that relies on principles of similarity of catchments characteristics. For runoff modelling the HBV-96 model is selected while multiobjective model calibration is by a Monte Carlo procedure. We aim to assess the closure term of Lake Tana’s water balance, to assess model parameter uncertainty and to evaluate effectiveness of a multi-objective model calibration approach to make hydrological modeling results more plausible. For the gauged catchments, model performance is assessed by the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient and Relative Volumetric Error and resulted in satisfactory to good performance for six, large catchments. The regional model is validated and indicated satisfactory to good performance in most cases. Results show that runoff from ungauged catchments is as large as 527mm per year for the simulation period and amounts to approximately 30% of Lake Tana stream inflow. Results of daily lake level simulation over the simulation period 1994–2003 show a water balance closure term of 85mm per year that accounts to 2.7% of the total lake inflow. Lake level simulations are assessed by Nash Sutcliffe (0.91) and Relative Volume Error (2.71%) performance measures.
11 Ayana, E. K. 2007. Validation of radar altimetry lake level data and it's application in water resource management. MSc thesis. Enschede, Netherlands: International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC). 76p.
Water management ; International waters ; Radar satellite ; Measuring instruments ; Remote sensing ; Lakes ; Data analysis ; Statistical methods ; Cartography ; Satellite imagery / Ethiopia / Lake Tana / Nile River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 AYA Record No: H043878)
(2.20 MB) (2.198MB)
12 Alemayehu, T.; McCartney, Matthew; Kebede, S. 2010. The water resource implications of planned development in the Lake Tana catchment, Ethiopia. Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology, 10(2-4):211-222. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/v10104-011-0023-6]
Water resources development ; Lakes ; Catchment areas ; Water levels ; Models ; Water demand / Ethiopia / Lake Tana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044018)
(0.61 MB)
The water resources of the Lake Tana catchment are largely untapped. Currently,water resource development is being promoted to stimulate economic growth. This study utilized the WEAP model to determine the likely impact of a number of possible development scenarios on lake water levels. For each scenario, the model was used to simulate water demand in three sectors (i.e. irrigation, hydropower and downstream environmental flows) over a 36-year period of varying flow and rainfall. The simulation results revealed that if all the planned development occurs on average 2198 GWhy-1 power could be generated and 677 Mm3 y-1 of water supplied to irrigation schemes. However, the mean annual water level of the lake would be lowered by 0.44 meters. As well as adverse ecological impacts this would have significant implications for shipping and the livelihoods of local people.
13 Melesse, A. M. (Ed.) 2011. Nile river basin: hydrology, climate and water use. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. 419p.
Water management ; Water resources development ; River basin management ; Hydrology ; Water use ; Climate change ; Land use ; Land cover ; Rainfall-runoff relationships ; Lakes ; Hydrometeorology ; Simulation models ; Water budget ; Water balance ; Water demand ; Water quality ; Water availability ; Water allocation ; GIS ; Remote sensing ; Satellite observation ; Watersheds ; Evapotranspiration ; Flooding ; Erosion ; Mapping ; Livestock ; Water productivity ; Water power ; Environmental flows ; Soil salinity ; Irrigation schemes / Ethiopia / Nile River Basin / Atbara Sub Basin / Fogera Floodplain / Lake Tana / Mara River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.483 G136 MEL Record No: H044019)
14 Melesse, A. M.; Abtew, W.; Setegn, S. G.; Dessalegne, T. 2011. Hydrological variability and climate of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin. In Melesse, A. M. (Ed.). Nile River Basin: hydrology, climate and water use. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.3-37.
Hydrology ; Climate change ; River basins ; Rain ; Statistics ; Hydrometeorology ; Air temperature ; Topography ; Agroclimatic zones ; Soils ; Lakes ; Flow / Ethiopia / Upper Blue Nile River Basin / Lake Tana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.483 G136 MEL Record No: H044021)
15 Rientjes, T. H. M.; Perera, J. B. U.; Haile, A. T.; Gieske, A. S. M.; Booij, M. J.; Reggiani, P. 2011. Hydrological balance of Lake Tana, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. In Melesse, A. M. (Ed.). Nile River Basin: hydrology, climate and water use. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.69-89.
Hydrology ; Water balance ; Lakes ; River basins ; Models ; Calibration ; Regression analysis ; Runoff / Ethiopia / Lake Tana / Upper Blue Nile River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.483 G136 MEL Record No: H044023)
16 Rientjes, T. H. M.; Haile, A. T.; Gieske, A. S. M.; Maathuis, B. H. P.; Habib, E. 2011. Satellite based cloud detection and rainfall estimation in the Upper Blue Nile Basin. In Melesse, A. M. (Ed.). Nile River Basin: hydrology, climate and water use. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.93-107.
Remote sensing ; Satellite observation ; Clouds ; Rain ; Estimation ; River basins / Ethiopia / Lake Tana / Upper Blue Nile River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.483 G136 MEL Record No: H044024)
17 Gieske, A.; Abeyou, W. W.; Getachew, H. A.; Alemseged, T. H.; Rientjes, T. 2008. Non-linear parameterization of Lake Tana's flow system. In Abtew, W.; Melesse, A. M. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Workshop on Hydrology and Ecology of the Nile River Basin under Extreme Conditions, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 16-19 June 2008. Sandy, UT, USA: Aardvark Global Publishing. pp.128-145.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.48 G136 ABT Record No: H044319)
(1.11 MB)
18 Chebud, Y. A.; Melesse, A. M. 2008. Ground water flow simulation of the Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia. In Abtew, W.; Melesse, A. M. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Workshop on Hydrology and Ecology of the Nile River Basin under Extreme Conditions, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 16-19 June 2008. Sandy, UT, USA: Aardvark Global Publishing. pp.146-159.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.48 G136 ABT Record No: H044320)
(0.91 MB)
19 Wale, A.; Rientjes, T. H. M.; Dost, R. J. J.; Gieske, A. 2008. Hydrological balance of Lake Tana, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. In Abtew, W.; Melesse, A. M. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Workshop on Hydrology and Ecology of the Nile River Basin under Extreme Conditions, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 16-19 June 2008. Sandy, UT, USA: Aardvark Global Publishing. pp.160-181.
Hydrology ; Lakes ; River basins ; Flow ; Regionalization ; Water balance ; Runoff ; Simulation models ; Calibration ; Sensitivity analysis / Ethiopia / Upper Blue Nile Basin / Lake Tana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.48 G136 ABT Record No: H044321)
(1.30 MB)
20 Chebud, Y. A.; Melesse, A. M. 2008. Hydrological water balance of Lake Tana, Ethiopia. In Abtew, W.; Melesse, A. M. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Workshop on Hydrology and Ecology of the Nile River Basin under Extreme Conditions, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 16-19 June 2008. Sandy, UT, USA: Aardvark Global Publishing. pp.182-199.
Water balance ; Hydrology ; Lakes ; Evapotranspiration ; Groundwater ; Flow ; Precipitation ; Runoff ; Analytical methods / Ethiopia / Lake Tana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.48 G136 ABT Record No: H044322)
(1.07 MB)
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