Your search found 10 records
1 Abi Saab, M. T.; Jomaa, I.; El Hage, R.; Skaf, S.; Fahed, S.; Rizk, Z.; Massaad, R.; Romanos, D.; Khairallah, Y.; Azzi, V.; Sleiman, R.; Abi Saad, R.; Hajjar, C.; Sellami, M. H.; Aziz, R.; Sfeir, R.; Nassif, Marie Helene; Mateo-Sagasta, Javier. 2022. Are fresh water and reclaimed water safe for vegetable irrigation? Empirical evidence from Lebanon. Water, 14(9):1437. (Special issue: Section Wastewater Treatment and Reuse: Feature Papers) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w14091437]
Wastewater irrigation ; Water reuse ; Vegetable crops ; Freshwater ; Health hazards ; Risk assessment ; Water pollution ; Water management ; Reclaimed water ; Groundwater ; River water ; Water quality ; Contamination ; Crop yield ; Mineral content ; Bioaccumulation factor ; Physicochemical properties ; Microbiological analysis ; Pathogens ; Heavy metals ; Soil properties ; Irrigation methods / Middle East / North Africa / Lebanon / Bekaa Valley / Litani River / Ablah
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051092)
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/9/1437/pdf?version=1651834841
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051092.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051092.pdf
(1.41 MB) (1.41 MB)
The use of polluted water to irrigate is an increasing problem in the developing world. Lebanon is a case in point, with heavily polluted irrigation waters, particularly in the Litani River Basin. This study evaluated the potential health risks of irrigating vegetables (radishes, parsley, onions, and lettuce) using three water sources (groundwater, river water, and treated wastewater) and three irrigation methods (drip, sprinkler, and surface) over two growing seasons in 2019 and 2020. Water, crop, and soil samples were analyzed for physicochemical parameters, pathogens, and metals (Cu, Cd, Ni, Cr, and Zn). In addition, the bioaccumulation factor, estimated dietary intakes, health risk index, and target hazard quotients were calculated to assess the health risk associated with metal contamination. The study showed that, for water with less than 2 log E. coli CFU/100 mL, no pathogens (Escherichia coli, salmonella, parasite eggs) were detected in irrigated vegetables, irrespective of the irrigation method. With over 2 log E. coli CFU/100 mL in the water, 8.33% of the sprinkler-and surface-irrigated vegetables, and 2.78% of the drip-irrigated root crops (radishes and onions), showed some degree of parasitic contamination. E. coli appeared only on root crops when irrigated with water having over 3 log CFU/100 mL. The concentrations of most metals were significantly lower than the safe limits of the FAO/WHO of the Food Standards Programme Codex, except for zinc and chromium. The trends in the bioaccumulation factor and the estimated dietary intakes of metals were in the order of Cu < Cd < Ni < Cr < Zn. The target hazard quotient values for all metals were lower than 1.0. Under trial conditions, the adoption of drip irrigation with water with less than 3 log E. coli CFU/100 mL proved to be safe, even for vegetables consumed raw, except for root crops such as onions and radishes that should not be irrigated with water having over 2 log E. coli CFU/100 mL. Treated wastewater had no adverse effect on vegetable quality compared to vegetables irrigated with other water sources. These results support efforts to update the Lebanese standards for water reuse in agriculture; standards proposed in 2011 by the FAO, and currently being reviewed by the Lebanese Institution of Standards. This research will inform a sustainable water management policy aimed at protecting the Litani River watershed by monitoring water quality.
2 Ez-zaouy, Y.; Bouchaou, L.; Saad, A.; Hssaisoune, M.; Brouziyne, Youssef; Dhiba, D.; Chehbouni, A. 2022. Groundwater resources in Moroccan coastal aquifers: insights of salinization impact on agriculture. Environmental Sciences Proceedings, 16(1):48. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2022016048]
Groundwater ; Water resources ; Coastal aquifers ; Salinization ; Agriculture ; Seawater ; Saltwater intrusion ; Irrigation water ; Water pollution ; Physicochemical properties ; Parameters / Morocco
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051245)
https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4931/16/1/48/pdf?version=1655370566
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051245.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051245.pdf
(0.46 MB) (468 KB)
Across several coastal areas in Morocco, groundwater is the strategic source of irrigation. In this work, a database of thirteen Moroccan coastal aquifers was used to assess groundwater for agriculture purposes, as well as to highlight the process responsible of the degradation of groundwater resource quality in Moroccan coastal areas. According to electrical conductivity parameter, the results show that 92% of the collected samples were not suitable for irrigation uses. This situation is due to seawater intrusion and water–rock interaction processes, in addition to intensive agriculture activities and the introduction of domestic and industrial wastewater without any treatment. In order to control the impact of groundwater salinity on agriculture, management plans are proposed.
3 Setegn, Y. A.; Kassa, K.; Dagalo, S.; Tsegaye, D. 2022. Impact of irrigation with Lake Abaya water on soil quality - southern Rift Valley, Ethiopia. Water Practice and Technology, 17(7):1433-1444. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2022.070]
Irrigation water ; Water quality ; Soil quality ; Lakes ; Valleys ; Salinity ; Sustainability ; Physicochemical properties ; Parameters / Ethiopia / Rift Valley / Lake Abaya / Mirab Abaya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051320)
https://iwaponline.com/wpt/article-pdf/17/7/1433/1083137/wpt0171433.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051320.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051320.pdf
(0.68 MB) (700 KB)
The study's aim was to assess the impact of using water from Lake Abaya for irrigation and its impact on soil quality at Mirab Abaya, Ethiopia. Six water samples from the edge of Lake Abaya and 30 (18 irrigated and 12 rain-fed) composite soil samples from farm lands in Wajifo, Fura and Algae were collected. Analyses showed that the use of water from Lake Abaya will bring a soil salinity hazard in future. The soil analyses showed variations in space and time in the physico-chemical components in the study area. The highest salinity was reported from Algae, the closest site to the Lake. The highest soil alkalinity was reported from Wajifo, which has a long irrigation history. The irrigated soils reported higher salinity than the rain-fed soils, indicating that water from Lake Abaya can affect irrigated soil quality. In general, Lake Abaya water is not suitable for salt-sensitive crops and caution is required in using it for irrigation.
4 Ali, W.; Zhang, H.; Mao, K.; Shafeeque, Muhammad; Aslam, M. W.; Yang, X.; Zhong, L.; Feng, X.; Podgorski, J. 2022. Chromium contamination in paddy soil-rice systems and associated human health risks in Pakistan. Science of the Total Environment, 826:153910. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153910]
Chromium ; Contamination ; Paddy soils ; Rice fields ; Human health ; Health hazards ; Risk assessment ; Metals ; Physicochemical properties ; Bioaccumulation factor ; Translocation ; Modelling / Pakistan / Sindh / Punjab
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051385)
(1.81 MB)
Chromium (Cr) contamination in paddy soil-rice systems threatens human health through the food chain. This study used a new dataset of 500 paddy soil and plant tissue samples collected in the rice-growing regions of Sindh and Punjab Provinces of Pakistan. Overall, 97.4% of grain samples exceeded the Cr threshold values of 1.0 mg kg-1, determined by the China National Food Standard (CNFS). The Cr in paddy soil, 62.6% samples exceeding the China natural background threshold value (90 mg kg-1) for Cr concentration in paddy soil, and lower than the (pH-dependant > 7.5 threshold value for Cr 350 mg kg-1) as determined by China Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs) for paddy soil (GB15618-2018). Geographically weighted regression (GWR) modelling showed spatially nonstationary correlations, confirming the heterogeneous relationship between dependent (rice grain Cr) and independent paddy soil (pH, SOM, and paddy soil Cr) and plant tissue variables (shoot Cr and root Cr) throughout the study area. The GWR model was then used to determine the critical threshold (CT) for the measured Cr concentrations in the paddy soil system. Overall, 38.4% of paddy soil samples exceeding CT values confirm that the paddy soil Cr risk prevails in the study area. Furthermore, the GWR model was applied to assess the loading capacity (LC), the difference between the CT, and the actual concentration of Cr in paddy soil. Loading capacity identified potential paddy soil Cr pollution risk to rice grain and assessed the risk areas. Overall LC% of samples paddy soil Cr risk areas grade: low-risk grade I (34.6%); moderate-risk grade II (15.8%); high-risk grade III (11.2%); and very high-risk grade IV (38.4%) have been assessed in the study area.
The human health index, total hazard quotient (THQ « 1), indicates no potential health risk originating from Cr exposure to the population. However, the excess Cr level in paddy soil and rice grain is still a concern. The current study's results are also valuable for the national decision-making process regarding Cr contamination in the paddy soil-rice system.
The human health index, total hazard quotient (THQ « 1), indicates no potential health risk originating from Cr exposure to the population. However, the excess Cr level in paddy soil and rice grain is still a concern. The current study's results are also valuable for the national decision-making process regarding Cr contamination in the paddy soil-rice system.
5 Belkhiri, A. H.; Carre, F.; Quiot, F. 2022. State of knowledge and future research needs on microplastics in groundwater. Journal of Water and Health, 20(10):1479-1496. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2022.048]
Microplastic pollution ; Groundwater ; Research ; Drinking water ; Physicochemical properties ; Environmental impact ; Surface water ; Aquifers ; Wastewater ; Sewage sludge ; Heavy metals
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051474)
https://iwaponline.com/jwh/article-pdf/20/10/1479/1124928/jwh0201479.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051474.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051474.pdf
(0.73 MB) (744 KB)
Microplastics (MPs) are widespread in aquatic and soil environments. This study targets the issue of MPs’ transfer from soil to groundwater. Scientific papers were collected and analyzed using a text-mining approach that classifies text segments. This allowed the identification of four research topics and the organization of the results into a summarizing table. Those four topics are sources of groundwater MPs, main types of MPs (physico-chemical properties, polymer units, shapes, and size), human exposure (mainly drinking water), and potential environmental and human effects. Compared to the research of MP on aquatic or soil compartments, scientific data on MP in groundwater are less substantial. Current results show a divergence due to differences in context (alluvial aquifer, fractured rock aquifer, karst aquifer, etc), collecting, sampling, and analytical methods. This divergence requires further research with standardized analytic protocols and reference materials. The associated research gaps were identified by using the same approach. The following five topics emerged: (1) the transfer of MPs from soil to underground, (2) the contribution of groundwater to drinking water microplastic pollution, (3) the interaction with other contaminants, (4) the human and environmental effects, and (5) the protective and remediation solutions.
6 Nassif, Marie-Helene; Tawfik, Mohamed; Abi Saab, M. T. 2022. Water quality standards and regulations for agricultural water reuse in MENA: from international guidelines to country practices. In Mateo-Sagasta, Javier; Al-Hamdi, M.; AbuZeid, K. (Eds.). Water reuse in the Middle East and North Africa: a sourcebook. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.79-105.
Water reuse ; Agricultural water use ; Water quality standards ; Regulations ; Guidelines ; Policies ; Irrigation water ; Wastewater ; Physicochemical properties ; Risk management / Middle East / North Africa / Egypt / Lebanon / Morocco / Jordan / Tunisia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051740)
(464 KB)
7 Babiso, W. Z.; Ayano, K. K.; Haile, Alemseged Tamiru; Keche, D. D.; Acharya, K.; Werner, D. 2023. Citizen science for water quality monitoring in the Meki River, Ethiopia: quality assurance and comparison with conventional methods. Water, 15(2):238. (Special issue: Field Methods for Water Quality Surveying) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w15020238]
Water quality ; Monitoring ; Citizen science ; Scientists ; Quality assurance ; Pollution ; Physicochemical properties ; Parameters ; Rivers ; Irrigation / Ethiopia / Meki River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052097)
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/2/238/pdf?version=1673577779
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052097.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052097.pdf
(2.26 MB) (2.26 MB)
A lack of water quality information for many water bodies around the world makes it difficult to identify global change and discover early signs of myriad threats to freshwater resources. This problem is widely seen in Ethiopia due to absence of regular monitoring. Citizen science has a great potential to fill these gaps in water quality data, but there is concern about the accuracy of data collected by citizen scientists. Moreover, there is a gap to engage citizen scientists in water quality monitoring, and there is still insufficient awareness of how citizen scientists can become part of a collaborative scheme. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of water quality collected by citizen scientists and characterize the water quality of the Meki River with the involvement of citizen scientists. The suitability of the river water for irrigation was evaluated using a combination of citizen science and conventional water quality data collection methods. Water temperature, turbidity, ammonia, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, total alkalinity, total hardness, and pH were analyzed by both citizen scientists and in a conventional laboratory. The citizen scientists’ data, expressed as percent of synthetic standard solution concentrations, indicated good agreement for selected water quality parameters: 123.8 ± 24.7% for PO4 3-, 115.6 ± 6.3% for NO3 -, 105.8 ± 7.4% for pH, and 133.3 ± 23.6% for NH4 + . Thus, citizen scientists can monitor and collect water quality data accurately. From the results, the Meki River water can be used for irrigation, but pollution sources should be controlled to reduce further quality deterioration as the population increases.
8 Mbangi, A.; Nongqwenga, N.; Mabhaudhi, T. 2023. Calibration accuracy of requirement factor and sorption studies for fertilizer recommendation. Agrosystems, Geosciences and Environment, 6(3):e20401. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20401]
Fertilizer application ; Sorption isotherms ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Equilibration ; Plant growth ; Parameters ; Biomass ; Leaf area index ; Crop yield ; Soil solution ; Physicochemical properties ; Cowpeas ; Mustard ; Maize / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052103)
https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20401
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052103.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052103.pdf
(0.20 MB) (209 KB)
The inconsistent and incoherent approaches by fertilizer recommendations to index crop response has prompted the search for alternative approaches. Some of the problems stem from the overlooking of fundamental soil properties that govern the soil solution, which is where plant roots absorb nutrients for growth. A comparison was made between two contrasting equilibration techniques to evaluate their precision in estimating crop response. Sorption isotherms for phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were compared to requirement factors. Phosphorus sorption isotherms were determined following the batch equilibration technique. Potassium was developed following equilibration with graded K levels. The requirement factors of both P and K were determined following a 6-week incubation with four different levels of fertilization. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), mustard (Brassica juncea), and maize (Zea mays) were used as test crops. The growth parameters measured included biomass (g), height (cm), and leaf area index. At harvest, yield (g pot-1) and uptake (mg pot-1) were also recorded. Linear correlation studies were carried out to evaluate the association between treatments and the growth parameters of the tested crops. Results showed no significant difference (p < 0.05) in maize growth parameters between the equilibration methods, despite the sorption isotherms estimating higher levels of P and K. The sorption isotherms for P and K were 1.7 and 9.8 times higher than their respective requirement factors. The crop response, although relatively similar in both methods, was weakly correlated with the sorption-estimated nutrient levels, indicating an overestimation of nutrients. Therefore, the requirement factors were deemed to be a more precise equilibration technique for estimating nutrient levels.
9 Bilal, H.; Li, X.; Iqbal, Muhammad Shahid; Mu, Y.; Tulcan, R. X. S.; Ghufran, M. A. 2023. Surface water quality, public health, and ecological risks in Bangladesh—a systematic review and meta-analysis over the last two decades. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(40):91710-91728. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28879-x]
Surface water ; Water quality ; Public health ; Risk assessment ; Health hazards ; Water pollution ; Ecological factors ; Physicochemical properties ; Hydrochemistry ; Cations ; Anions ; Heavy metals ; Arsenic ; Cadmium ; Chromium ; Mercury ; Lead ; Biological contamination ; Faecal coliforms ; Cryptosporidium ; Drinking water ; Rivers ; Water management ; Water policies / Bangladesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052106)
(2.75 MB)
Water quality has recently emerged as one of the utmost severe ecological problems being faced by the developing countries all over the world, and Bangladesh is no exception. Both surface and groundwater sources contain different contaminants, which lead to numerous deaths due to water-borne diseases, particularly among children. This study presents one of the most comprehensive reviews on the current status of water quality in Bangladesh with a special emphasis on both conventional pollutants and emerging contaminants. Data show that urban rivers in Bangladesh are in a critical condition, especially Korotoa, Teesta, Rupsha, Pashur, and Padma. The Buriganga River and few locations in the Turag, Balu, Sitalakhya, and Karnaphuli rivers have dissolvable oxygen (DO) levels of almost zero. Many waterways contain traces of NO3, NO2, and PO4-3 pollutants. The majority of the rivers in Bangladesh also have Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb, Cd, Ni, Mn, As, and Cr concentrations that exceed the WHO permissible limits for safe drinking water, while their metal concentrations exceed the safety threshold for irrigation. Mercury poses the greatest hazard with 90.91% of the samples falling into the highest risk category. Mercury is followed by zinc 57.53% and copper 29.16% in terms of the dangers they pose to public health and the ecosystem. Results show that a considerable percentage of the population is at risk, being exposed to contaminated water. Despite hundreds of cryptosporidiosis cases reported, fecal contamination, i.e., Cryptosporidium, is totally ignored and need serious considerations to be regularly monitored in source water.
10 Lamizana, B.; Drechsel, Pay. 2023. Ecological risks and risk mitigation measures related to water quality and agriculture. In Drechsel, Pay; Marjani Zadeh, S.; Salcedo, F. P. (Eds.). Water quality in agriculture: risks and risk mitigation. Rome, Italy: FAO; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.109-117.
Water quality ; Water pollution ; Agricultural pollution ; Ecological factors ; Risk reduction ; Contamination ; Good agricultural practices ; Freshwater ecosystems ; Physicochemical properties
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052245)
(3.12 MB)
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